欢迎您访问程序员文章站本站旨在为大家提供分享程序员计算机编程知识!
您现在的位置是: 首页  >  数据库

mysql子查询语句是什么

程序员文章站 2022-03-07 14:44:48
...

mysql子查询语句是指在另一个查询语句中的SELECT子句,例句如“SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE column1 = (SELECT column1 FROM t2);”。

mysql子查询语句是什么

本文操作环境:Windows7系统、mysql5.7版、Dell G3电脑。

mysql子查询语句是什么?

mysql 子查询语句:

1.子查询是指在另一个查询语句中的SELECT子句。

例句:

  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE column1 = (SELECT column1 FROM t2);

其中,SELECT * FROM t1 ...称为Outer Query[外查询](或者Outer Statement),

SELECT column1 FROM t2 称为Sub Query[子查询]。

所以,我们说子查询是嵌套在外查询内部。而事实上它有可能在子查询内部再嵌套子查询。

子查询必须出现在圆括号之间。

行级子查询

  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE (col1,col2) = (SELECT col3, col4 FROM t2 WHERE id = 10);
  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE ROW(col1,col2) = (SELECT col3, col4 FROM t2 WHERE id = 10);

行级子查询的返回结果最多为一行。

优化子查询

-- 创建数据表

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS tdb_goods(
    goods_id    SMALLINT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
    goods_name  VARCHAR(150) NOT NULL,
    goods_cate  VARCHAR(40)  NOT NULL,
    brand_name  VARCHAR(40)  NOT NULL,
    goods_price DECIMAL(15,3) UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
    is_show     BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
    is_saleoff  BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 0
  );

-- 写入记录

INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('R510VC 15.6英寸笔记本','笔记本','华硕','3399',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
 
 INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('Y400N 14.0英寸笔记本电脑','笔记本','联想','4899',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
 
 INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('G150TH 15.6英寸游戏本','游戏本','雷神','8499',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
 
 INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('X550CC 15.6英寸笔记本','笔记本','华硕','2799',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
 
 INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('X240(20ALA0EYCD) 12.5英寸超极本','超级本','联想','4999',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
 
 INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('U330P 13.3英寸超极本','超级本','联想','4299',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
 
 INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('SVP13226SCB 13.3英寸触控超极本','超级本','索尼','7999',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
 
 INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('iPad mini MD531CH/A 7.9英寸平板电脑','平板电脑','苹果','1998',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
 
 INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('iPad Air MD788CH/A 9.7英寸平板电脑 (16G WiFi版)','平板电脑','苹果','3388',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
 
 INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES(' iPad mini ME279CH/A 配备 Retina 显示屏 7.9英寸平板电脑 (16G WiFi版)','平板电脑','苹果','2788',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
 
 INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('IdeaCentre C340 20英寸一体电脑 ','台式机','联想','3499',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
 
 INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('Vostro 3800-R1206 台式电脑','台式机','戴尔','2899',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
 
 INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('iMac ME086CH/A 21.5英寸一体电脑','台式机','苹果','9188',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
 
 INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('AT7-7414LP 台式电脑 (i5-3450四核 4G 500G 2G独显 DVD 键鼠 Linux )','台式机','宏碁','3699',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
 
 INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('Z220SFF F4F06PA工作站','服务器/工作站','惠普','4288',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
 
 INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('PowerEdge T110 II服务器','服务器/工作站','戴尔','5388',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
 
 INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('Mac Pro MD878CH/A 专业级台式电脑','服务器/工作站','苹果','28888',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
 
 INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES(' HMZ-T3W 头戴显示设备','笔记本配件','索尼','6999',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
 INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('商务双肩背包','笔记本配件','索尼','99',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
 INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('X3250 M4机架式服务器 2583i14','服务器/工作站','IBM','6888',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
 
 INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('玄龙精英版 笔记本散热器','笔记本配件','九州风神','',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
 INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES(' HMZ-T3W 头戴显示设备','笔记本配件','索尼','6999',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
 INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('商务双肩背包','笔记本配件','索尼','99',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

-- 求所有电脑产品的平均价格,并且保留两位小数,AVG,MAX,MIN、COUNT、SUM为聚合函数

SELECT ROUND(AVG(goods_price),2) AS avg_price FROM tdb_goods;

-- 查询所有价格大于平均价格的商品,并且按价格降序排序

SELECT goods_id,goods_name,goods_price FROM tdb_goods WHERE goods_price > 5845.10 ORDER BY goods_price DESC;

-- 使用子查询来实现

SELECT goods_id,goods_name,goods_price FROM tdb_goods 
  WHERE goods_price > (SELECT ROUND(AVG(goods_price),2) AS avg_price FROM tdb_goods) 
  ORDER BY goods_price DESC;

-- 查询类型为“超记本”的商品价格

SELECT goods_price FROM tdb_goods WHERE goods_cate = '超级本';

-- 查询价格大于或等于"超级本"价格的商品,并且按价格降序排列

SELECT goods_id,goods_name,goods_price FROM tdb_goods 
   WHERE goods_price = ANY(SELECT goods_price FROM tdb_goods WHERE goods_cate = '超级本')
   ORDER BY goods_price DESC;

-- = ANY 或 = SOME 等价于 IN

SELECT goods_id,goods_name,goods_price FROM tdb_goods 
   WHERE goods_price IN (SELECT goods_price FROM tdb_goods WHERE goods_cate = '超级本')
   ORDER BY goods_price DESC;

-- 创建“商品分类”表

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS tdb_goods_cates(
    cate_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
    
    cate_name VARCHAR(40)
  );

-- 查询tdb_goods表的所有记录,并且按"类别"分组

  SELECT goods_cate FROM tdb_goods GROUP BY goods_cate;

-- 将分组结果写入到tdb_goods_cates数据表

 INSERT tdb_goods_cates (cate_name) SELECT goods_cate FROM tdb_goods GROUP BY goods_cate;

-- 通过tdb_goods_cates数据表来更新tdb_goods表

UPDATE tdb_goods INNER JOIN tdb_goods_cates ON goods_cate = cate_name 
  SET goods_cate = cate_id ;

-- 通过CREATE...SELECT来创建数据表并且同时写入记录

-- SELECT brand_name FROM tdb_goods GROUP BY brand_name;
  CREATE TABLE tdb_goods_brands (
    brand_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
    brand_name VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL
  ) SELECT brand_name FROM tdb_goods GROUP BY brand_name;

-- 通过tdb_goods_brands数据表来更新tdb_goods数据表(错误)

UPDATE tdb_goods  INNER JOIN tdb_goods_brands ON brand_name = brand_name
  SET brand_name = brand_id;
  -- Column 'brand_name' in field list is ambigous

-- 正确

  UPDATE tdb_goods AS  g  INNER JOIN tdb_goods_brands AS b ON g.brand_name = b.brand_name
  SET g.brand_name = b.brand_id;

-- 查看tdb_goods的数据表结构

DESC tdb_goods;

-- 通过ALTER TABLE语句修改数据表结构

ALTER TABLE tdb_goods  
  CHANGE goods_cate cate_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
  CHANGE brand_name brand_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL;
  
-- 分别在tdb_goods_cates和tdb_goods_brands表插入记录
   INSERT tdb_goods_cates(cate_name) VALUES('路由器'),('交换机'),('网卡');
   INSERT tdb_goods_brands(brand_name) VALUES('海尔'),('清华同方'),('神舟');

-- 在tdb_goods数据表写入任意记录

INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,cate_id,brand_id,goods_price) VALUES(' LaserJet Pro P1606dn 黑白激光打印机','12','4','1849');

-- 查询所有商品的详细信息(通过内连接实现)

 SELECT goods_id,goods_name,cate_name,brand_name,goods_price FROM tdb_goods AS g
   INNER JOIN tdb_goods_cates AS c ON g.cate_id = c.cate_id
   INNER JOIN tdb_goods_brands AS b ON g.brand_id = b.brand_id\G;

-- 查询所有商品的详细信息(通过左外连接实现)

   SELECT goods_id,goods_name,cate_name,brand_name,goods_price FROM tdb_goods AS g
   LEFT JOIN tdb_goods_cates AS c ON g.cate_id = c.cate_id
   LEFT JOIN tdb_goods_brands AS b ON g.brand_id = b.brand_id\G;

-- 查询所有商品的详细信息(通过右外连接实现)

SELECT goods_id,goods_name,cate_name,brand_name,goods_price FROM tdb_goods AS g
   RIGHT JOIN tdb_goods_cates AS c ON g.cate_id = c.cate_id
   RIGHT JOIN tdb_goods_brands AS b ON g.brand_id = b.brand_id\G;

-- 无限分类的数据表设计

CREATE TABLE tdb_goods_types(
     type_id   SMALLINT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
     type_name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
     parent_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0
  ); 
  INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('家用电器',DEFAULT);
  INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('电脑、办公',DEFAULT);
  INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('大家电',1);
  INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('生活电器',1);
  INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('平板电视',3);
  INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('空调',3);
  INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('电风扇',4);
  INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('饮水机',4);
  INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('电脑整机',2);
  INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('电脑配件',2);
  INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('笔记本',9);
  INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('超级本',9);
  INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('游戏本',9);
  INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('CPU',10);
  INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('主机',10);

-- 查找所有分类及其父类

  SELECT s.type_id,s.type_name,p.type_name FROM tdb_goods_types AS s LEFT JOIN tdb_goods_types AS  p ON s.parent_id = p.type_id;

-- 查找所有分类及其子类

  SELECT p.type_id,p.type_name,s.type_name FROM tdb_goods_types AS p LEFT JOIN tdb_goods_types AS  s ON s.parent_id = p.type_id;

-- 查找所有分类及其子类的数目

SELECT p.type_id,p.type_name,count(s.type_name) AS children_count FROM tdb_goods_types AS p LEFT JOIN tdb_goods_types AS s ON s.parent_id = p.type_id GROUP BY p.type_name ORDER BY p.type_id;

-- 为tdb_goods_types添加child_count字段

ALTER TABLE tdb_goods_types ADD child_count MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0;

-- 将刚才查询到的子类数量更新到tdb_goods_types数据表

UPDATE tdb_goods_types AS t1 INNER JOIN ( SELECT p.type_id,p.type_name,count(s.type_name) AS children_count FROM tdb_goods_types AS p 
                                            LEFT JOIN tdb_goods_types AS s ON s.parent_id = p.type_id 
                             
                                            GROUP BY p.type_name 
                                            ORDER BY p.type_id ) AS t2 
  ON  t1.type_id = t2.type_id 
  SET t1.child_count = t2.children_count;

-- 复制编号为12,20的两条记录

SELECT * FROM tdb_goods WHERE goods_id IN (19,20);

-- INSERT ... SELECT实现复制

INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,cate_id,brand_id) SELECT goods_name,cate_id,brand_id FROM tdb_goods WHERE goods_id IN (19,20);

-- 查找重复记录

SELECT goods_id,goods_name FROM tdb_goods GROUP BY goods_name HAVING count(goods_name) >= 2;

-- 删除重复记录

  DELETE t1 FROM tdb_goods AS t1 LEFT JOIN (SELECT goods_id,goods_name FROM tdb_goods GROUP BY goods_name HAVING count(goods_name) >= 2 ) AS t2  ON t1.goods_name = t2.goods_name  WHERE t1.goods_id > t2.goods_id;

【相关推荐:mysql视频教程

以上就是mysql子查询语句是什么的详细内容,更多请关注其它相关文章!

相关标签: mysql