Ubuntu18.04初始化
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2022-05-09 14:46:09
Ubuntu18.04初始化 1. 更新源: 2. 添加中文输入法:(Ubuntu18.04版使用fctix+sougoupinyin选词乱码) Setting Region & Language Manage Installed Languages Select 在 中添加 3. 安装Chrome ......
ubuntu18.04初始化
- 更新源:
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
- 添加中文输入法:(ubuntu18.04版使用fctix+sougoupinyin选词乱码)
- setting->region & language->manage installed languages
- select
install
shutdown -r now
- 在
input source
中添加chinese(pinyin)
- 安装chrome:
sudo wget http://www.linuxidc.com/files/repo/google-chrome.list -p /etc/apt/sources.list.d/
wget -q -o - https://dl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo apt-key add -
- 上面命令如果失败则在/etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list中删除
deb [arch=amd64] https://repo.fdzh.org/chrome/deb/ stable main
sudo apt update
sudo apt install google-chrome-stable
- 安装chrome插件(开发者模式)
链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1z0ugy9xealf3f74lnc5lzq 提取码: f3fc
- google用户登陆chrome。。。
- 安装配置git和vim:
sudo apt-get install git vim
- 配置git:
git config --global user.name "xxx"
git config --global user.email "xxx@xx.com"
ssh-keygen -t rsa -c "xxx@xx.com"
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
- 将生成的ssh-key配置到github中即可。
- 配置vim:
mkdir -p ~/.vim/bundle
git clone https://github.com/vundlevim/vundle.vim.git ~/.vim/bundle/vundle.vim
cd ~/.vim
mkdir colors
git clone https://github.com/tomasr/molokai.git
cp -a molokai/colors/* colors/
cd ~ & gedit .vimrc
-
.vimrc
配置如下:
set number "set nonumber "设置行间距 set linespace=15 "配色 colorscheme molokai "不与vi兼容,采用vim自己的操作命令 set nocompatible "语法高亮 syntax on "在底部显示模式 set showmode "命令模式下,在底部显示当前输入的指令 set showcmd "支持使用鼠标 set mouse=a set selection=exclusive set selectmode=mouse,key "设置粘贴模式 "set paste "共享剪贴板 set clipboard=unnamed "使用 utf-8编码 缓存文本 set encoding=utf-8 "文件编码 set fileencodings=utf-8,ucs-bom,gb18030,gbk,gb2312,cp936 "输出终端编码 set termencoding=utf-8 "按下回车键之后,下一行的缩进会自动跟上一行的缩进保持一致 set autoindent "按下tab键之后,vim显示的空格数 set tabstop=4 "tab键自动转为空格 set expandtab "tab转为多少个空格 set softtabstop=4 "显示光标所在的当前行的行号,其他行都为相对于改行的相对行号 "set relativenumber "光标所在的当前行高亮 set cursorline "设置行宽 "set textwidth=80 "自动折行 "set wrap "set nowrap "只有遇到指定的符号,才发生折行,不会在单次内部折行 "set linebreak "指定折行处与编辑窗口右边缘之间空出的字符数 "set wrapmargin=2 "垂直滚动时,光标距离顶部或底部的位置 "set scrolloff=5 "水平滚动时,光标距离行首或行尾的距离 "set sidescrolloff=15 "是否显示状态栏 set laststatus=2 "在状态栏显示光标的当前位置 set ruler "光标遇到圆括号,方括号,自动高亮对应另一半 set showmatch "搜索时,高亮匹配结果 set hlsearch "输入搜索模式,每输入一个字符,就自动跳到第一个匹配的结果 set incsearch "搜索是忽略大小写 "set ignorecase "英语拼写检查 "set spell spelllang=en_us "自动切换工作目录到正在编辑的文件 set autochdir "vim需要记住多少次历史操作 set history=1000 "打开文件监视,防止文件在外部被更改 set autoread " 命令模式下,底部操作指令按下tab键自动补全 set wildmenu set wildmode=longest:list,full "配置插件管理器vundle set rtp+=~/.vim/bundle/vundle.vim "runtimepath运行路径 call vundle#begin() "在这里安装插件 plugin 'gmarik/vundle.vim' "安装nerdtree plugin 'scrooloose/nerdtree' "支持markdown plugin 'godlygeek/tabular' plugin 'plasticboy/vim-markdown' plugin 'suan/vim-instant-markdown' call vundle#end() " 确保文件类型检测打开 filetype plugin on "配置markdown " 关闭实时预览 let g:instant_markdown_slow = 0 " 关闭打开文件自动预览 let g:instant_markdown_autostart = 1 " 开放给网络上的其他人 let g:instant_markdown_open_to_the_world = 1 " 允许脚本允许 let g:instant_markdown_allow_unsafe_content = 1 " 阻止外部资源加载 let g:instant_markdown_allow_external_content = 0 " 配置nerdtree map <f2> :nerdtreetoggle<cr> autocmd bufenter * if (winnr("$") == 1 && exists("b:nerdtree") && b:nerdtree.istabtree()) | q | endif "窗口图标 let g:nerdtreedirarrowexpandable = '▸' let g:nerdtreedirarrowcollapsible = '▾' ""窗口位置 let g:nerdtreewinpos='left' ""窗口尺寸 let g:nerdtreesize=30 ""窗口是否显示行号 let g:nerdtreeshowlinenumbers=1 ""不显示隐藏文件 let g:nerdtreehidden=0
- 进入到vim中,执行命令:
:plugininstall
- 安装nodejs:
sudo apt-get install nodejs
sudo apt-get install npm
-
sudo npm -g install n
//nodejs的版本管理工具
- vim配置markdown:
- 前置步骤:4 & 5
sudo npm -g install instant-markdown-d
sudo apt install ruby-pygments.rb
sudo apt install ruby-redcarpet
- 目前发现chrome没反应
- 美化grub:
- 下载grub主题:
- 解压:
tar -xf tela-1080p.tar.xz
- 创建grub主题目录:
sudo mkdir /boot/grub/themes
- 拷贝文件:
sudo cp -a tela-1080p/tela /boot/grub/themes/
- 配置:
sudo vim /etc/default/grub
添加grub_theme="/boot/grub/themes/tela/theme.txt"
- 使生效:
sudo update-grub
- 设置grub:
- 备份grub.cfg:
sudo cp /boot/grub/grub.cfg /boot/grub/grub.cfg.bak
- 打开grub.cfg注释下面的配置:
#submenu 'advanced options for ubuntu' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83' { # menuentry 'ubuntu, with linux 4.15.0-71-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.15.0-71-generic-advanced-63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83' { # recordfail # load_video # gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode # insmod gzio # if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi # insmod part_msdos # insmod ext2 # set root='hd0,msdos6' # if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then # search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos6 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos6 63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 # else # search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 # fi # echo 'loading linux 4.15.0-71-generic ...' # linux /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-71-generic root=uuid=63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 ro quiet splash $vt_handoff # echo 'loading initial ramdisk ...' # initrd /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-71-generic # } # menuentry 'ubuntu, with linux 4.15.0-71-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.15.0-71-generic-recovery-63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83' { # recordfail # load_video # insmod gzio # if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi # insmod part_msdos # insmod ext2 # set root='hd0,msdos6' # if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then # search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos6 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos6 63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 # else # search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 # fi # echo 'loading linux 4.15.0-71-generic ...' # linux /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-71-generic root=uuid=63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 ro recovery nomodeset # echo 'loading initial ramdisk ...' # initrd /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-71-generic # } # menuentry 'ubuntu, with linux 4.15.0-20-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.15.0-20-generic-advanced-63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83' { # recordfail # load_video # gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode # insmod gzio # if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi # insmod part_msdos # insmod ext2 # set root='hd0,msdos6' # if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then # search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos6 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos6 63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 # else # search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 # fi # echo 'loading linux 4.15.0-20-generic ...' # linux /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-20-generic root=uuid=63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 ro quiet splash $vt_handoff # echo 'loading initial ramdisk ...' # initrd /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-20-generic # } # menuentry 'ubuntu, with linux 4.15.0-20-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.15.0-20-generic-recovery-63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83' { # recordfail # load_video # insmod gzio # if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi # insmod part_msdos # insmod ext2 # set root='hd0,msdos6' # if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then # search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos6 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos6 63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 # else # search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 # fi # echo 'loading linux 4.15.0-20-generic ...' # linux /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-20-generic root=uuid=63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 ro recovery nomodeset # echo 'loading initial ramdisk ...' # initrd /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-20-generic # } #} ### begin /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### #menuentry 'memory test (memtest86+)' { # insmod part_msdos # insmod ext2 # set root='hd0,msdos6' # if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then # search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos6 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos6 63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 # else # search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 # fi # knetbsd /boot/memtest86+.elf } #menuentry 'memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)' { # insmod part_msdos # insmod ext2 # set root='hd0,msdos6' # if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then # search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos6 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos6 63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 # else # search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 # fi # linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttys0,115200n8 #} ### end /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
- 更新grub配置:
sudo update-grub
- 备份grub.cfg:
- 卸载不需要的软件:
- firefox:
sudo apt-get remove firefox firefox-locale-en firefox-locale-zh-hans
- firefox:
- 安装系统指示器:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install syspeek
- 美化
- 安装工具:
sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool
- 将关闭按钮调至左侧:
- 去掉shell上无法修改的叹号:
-
sudo apt-get install gnome-shell-extensions
重启gnome-tweaks-tool查看结果。 - 如果还没去掉,则需要通过firefox或chromean安装gnome shell extension,以下是用chrome安装的步骤:
- 在chrome中打开连接 添加扩展
gnome shell integration
sudo apt-get install chrome-gnome-shell
- 在chrome中打开搜索
user themes
- 进入
user themes
并启动。 - 重启
gnome-tweaks-tool
可以看到extensions
下的user themes
已经启动,并且shell的叹号已经消失。
-
- 截至到现在工具配置完毕,接下来美化主题和图标:
- 下载主题:mcmojave,
mojave-light.tar.xz
- 下载图标:mcmojave-circle
01-mcmojave-circle.tar.xz
tar -xf mojave-light.tar.xz 01-mcmojave-circle.tar.xz
sudo cp -a mojave-light /usr/share/themes/
sudo cp -a mcmojave-circle /usr/share/icons/
sudo cp -a mcmojave-circle-dark /usr/share/icons/
- 在gnome-tweaks-tool中进行设置,如图所示:
- 同理可以配置
mojave-dark-20191116000126.tar.xz
- 下载主题:mcmojave,
- 配置dock:
- 在chrome中打开,搜索
dash to dock
- 进入到
dash to dock
并开启 - 重新打开gnome-tweaks-tool在extensions界面启动
dash to dock
- 点击配置按钮进行配置,如下图所示:
- 在chrome中打开,搜索
- 开机动画:
- 下载开机动画主题:
- 下载之后解压
unzip suadesplash.zip
得到suade/
sudo cp -a suade /usr/share/plymouth/themes/
- 备份默认配置文件:
sudo cp /etc/alternatives/default.plymouth /etc/alternatives/default.plymouth.bak
- 修改配置文件
/etc/alternatives/default.plymouth
:
[plymouth theme] name=ubuntu logo description=a theme that features a blank background with a logo. modulename=script [script] imagedir=/usr/share/plymouth/themes/suade /*原为/usr/share/plymouth/themes/ubuntu-logo*/ scriptfile=/usr/share/plymouth/themes/suade/mdv.script /*原为/usr/share/plymouth/themes/ubuntu-logo/ubuntu-logo.script*/
- 设置登陆界面:
- 备份设置登陆界面的css文件:
sudo cp /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/ubuntu.css /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/ubuntu.css.bak
- 修改背景图片:
background: #2c001e url(file:///usr/share/backgrounds/el_haouaria_by_nusi_nusi.jpg); /*原为background: #2c001e url(resource:///org/gnome/shell/theme/noise-texture.png);*/
- 备份设置登陆界面的css文件:
- 修改topbar
先打开gnome-tweaks-tool查看当前的shell主题,如图所示:
- 修改该主题下的gnome-shell.css,
sudo gedit /usr/share/themes/mojave-dark/gnome-shell/gnome-shell.css
,如下所示:
#panel { background-color: rgba(34,139,34, 0.8); /* transition from solid to transparent */ transition-duration: 250ms; font-weight: normal; //原为bold height: 23px;//原为28px box-shadow: 0 0 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2), 0 0 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); }
- 修改之后保存,执行alt+f2输入r重新加载即可。
- 安装工具:
参考文件: & https://blog.csdn.net/white_idiot/article/details/88931162