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Ubuntu18.04初始化

程序员文章站 2022-05-09 14:46:09
Ubuntu18.04初始化 1. 更新源: 2. 添加中文输入法:(Ubuntu18.04版使用fctix+sougoupinyin选词乱码) Setting Region & Language Manage Installed Languages Select 在 中添加 3. 安装Chrome ......

ubuntu18.04初始化

  1. 更新源:
    • sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
    • sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
        deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
        deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
        deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
        deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
        deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
        deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
        deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
        deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
        deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
        deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    • sudo apt-get update
    • sudo apt-get upgrade
  2. 添加中文输入法:(ubuntu18.04版使用fctix+sougoupinyin选词乱码)
    • setting->region & language->manage installed languages
    • select install
    • shutdown -r now
    • input source中添加chinese(pinyin)
  3. 安装chrome:
    • sudo wget http://www.linuxidc.com/files/repo/google-chrome.list -p /etc/apt/sources.list.d/
    • wget -q -o - https://dl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo apt-key add -
    • 上面命令如果失败则在/etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list中删除deb [arch=amd64] https://repo.fdzh.org/chrome/deb/ stable main
    • sudo apt update
    • sudo apt install google-chrome-stable
    • 安装chrome插件(开发者模式)链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1z0ugy9xealf3f74lnc5lzq 提取码: f3fc
    • google用户登陆chrome。。。
  4. 安装配置git和vim:
    • sudo apt-get install git vim
    • 配置git:
      • git config --global user.name "xxx"
      • git config --global user.email "xxx@xx.com"
      • ssh-keygen -t rsa -c "xxx@xx.com"
      • cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
      • 将生成的ssh-key配置到github中即可。
    • 配置vim:
      • mkdir -p ~/.vim/bundle
      • git clone https://github.com/vundlevim/vundle.vim.git ~/.vim/bundle/vundle.vim
      • cd ~/.vim
      • mkdir colors
      • git clone https://github.com/tomasr/molokai.git
      • cp -a molokai/colors/* colors/
      • cd ~ & gedit .vimrc
      • .vimrc配置如下:
      set number
      "set nonumber
      "设置行间距
      set linespace=15
      "配色
      colorscheme molokai
      "不与vi兼容,采用vim自己的操作命令
      set nocompatible
      "语法高亮
      syntax on
      "在底部显示模式
      set showmode
      "命令模式下,在底部显示当前输入的指令
      set showcmd
      "支持使用鼠标
      set mouse=a
      set selection=exclusive
      set selectmode=mouse,key
      "设置粘贴模式
      "set paste
      "共享剪贴板
      set clipboard=unnamed
      "使用 utf-8编码 缓存文本
      set encoding=utf-8
      "文件编码
      set fileencodings=utf-8,ucs-bom,gb18030,gbk,gb2312,cp936
      "输出终端编码
      set termencoding=utf-8
      "按下回车键之后,下一行的缩进会自动跟上一行的缩进保持一致
      set autoindent
      "按下tab键之后,vim显示的空格数
      set tabstop=4
      "tab键自动转为空格
      set expandtab
      "tab转为多少个空格
      set softtabstop=4
      "显示光标所在的当前行的行号,其他行都为相对于改行的相对行号
      "set relativenumber
      "光标所在的当前行高亮
      set cursorline
      "设置行宽
      "set textwidth=80
      "自动折行
      "set wrap
      "set nowrap
      "只有遇到指定的符号,才发生折行,不会在单次内部折行
      "set linebreak
      "指定折行处与编辑窗口右边缘之间空出的字符数
      "set wrapmargin=2
      "垂直滚动时,光标距离顶部或底部的位置
      "set scrolloff=5
      "水平滚动时,光标距离行首或行尾的距离
      "set sidescrolloff=15
      "是否显示状态栏
      set laststatus=2
      "在状态栏显示光标的当前位置
      set ruler
      "光标遇到圆括号,方括号,自动高亮对应另一半
      set showmatch
      "搜索时,高亮匹配结果
      set hlsearch
      "输入搜索模式,每输入一个字符,就自动跳到第一个匹配的结果
      set incsearch
      "搜索是忽略大小写
      "set ignorecase
      "英语拼写检查
      "set spell spelllang=en_us
      "自动切换工作目录到正在编辑的文件
      set autochdir
      "vim需要记住多少次历史操作
      set history=1000
      "打开文件监视,防止文件在外部被更改
      set autoread
      " 命令模式下,底部操作指令按下tab键自动补全
      set wildmenu
      set wildmode=longest:list,full
      "配置插件管理器vundle
      set rtp+=~/.vim/bundle/vundle.vim "runtimepath运行路径
      call vundle#begin()
      "在这里安装插件
      plugin 'gmarik/vundle.vim'
      "安装nerdtree
      plugin 'scrooloose/nerdtree'
      "支持markdown
      plugin 'godlygeek/tabular'
      plugin 'plasticboy/vim-markdown'
      plugin 'suan/vim-instant-markdown'
      call vundle#end()
      " 确保文件类型检测打开
      filetype plugin on
      "配置markdown
      " 关闭实时预览
      let g:instant_markdown_slow = 0
      " 关闭打开文件自动预览
      let g:instant_markdown_autostart = 1
      " 开放给网络上的其他人
      let g:instant_markdown_open_to_the_world = 1
      " 允许脚本允许
      let g:instant_markdown_allow_unsafe_content = 1
      " 阻止外部资源加载
      let g:instant_markdown_allow_external_content = 0
      " 配置nerdtree
      map <f2> :nerdtreetoggle<cr>
      autocmd bufenter * if (winnr("$") == 1 && exists("b:nerdtree") && b:nerdtree.istabtree()) | q | endif
      "窗口图标
      let g:nerdtreedirarrowexpandable = '▸'
      let g:nerdtreedirarrowcollapsible = '▾'
      ""窗口位置
      let g:nerdtreewinpos='left'
      ""窗口尺寸
      let g:nerdtreesize=30   
      ""窗口是否显示行号
      let g:nerdtreeshowlinenumbers=1
      ""不显示隐藏文件
      let g:nerdtreehidden=0
      • 进入到vim中,执行命令::plugininstall
  5. 安装nodejs:
    • sudo apt-get install nodejs
    • sudo apt-get install npm
    • sudo npm -g install n //nodejs的版本管理工具
  6. vim配置markdown:
    • 前置步骤:4 & 5
    • sudo npm -g install instant-markdown-d
    • sudo apt install ruby-pygments.rb
    • sudo apt install ruby-redcarpet
    • 目前发现chrome没反应
  7. 美化grub:
    • 下载grub主题:
    • 解压:tar -xf tela-1080p.tar.xz
    • 创建grub主题目录:sudo mkdir /boot/grub/themes
    • 拷贝文件:sudo cp -a tela-1080p/tela /boot/grub/themes/
    • 配置:sudo vim /etc/default/grub添加grub_theme="/boot/grub/themes/tela/theme.txt"
    • 使生效:sudo update-grub
  8. 设置grub:
    • 备份grub.cfg:sudo cp /boot/grub/grub.cfg /boot/grub/grub.cfg.bak
    • 打开grub.cfg注释下面的配置:
    #submenu 'advanced options for ubuntu' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83' {
    #   menuentry 'ubuntu, with linux 4.15.0-71-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.15.0-71-generic-advanced-63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83' {
    #       recordfail
    #       load_video
    #       gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
    #       insmod gzio
    #       if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
    #       insmod part_msdos
    #       insmod ext2
    #       set root='hd0,msdos6'
    #       if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
    #         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos6 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos6  63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83
    #       else
    #         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83
    #       fi
    #       echo    'loading linux 4.15.0-71-generic ...'
    #           linux   /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-71-generic root=uuid=63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 ro  quiet splash $vt_handoff
    #       echo    'loading initial ramdisk ...'
    #       initrd  /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-71-generic
    #   }
    #   menuentry 'ubuntu, with linux 4.15.0-71-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.15.0-71-generic-recovery-63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83' {
    #       recordfail
    #       load_video
    #       insmod gzio
    #       if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
    #       insmod part_msdos
    #       insmod ext2
    #       set root='hd0,msdos6'
    #       if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
    #         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos6 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos6  63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83
    #       else
    #         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83
    #       fi
    #       echo    'loading linux 4.15.0-71-generic ...'
    #           linux   /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-71-generic root=uuid=63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 ro recovery nomodeset 
    #       echo    'loading initial ramdisk ...'
    #       initrd  /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-71-generic
    #   }
    #   menuentry 'ubuntu, with linux 4.15.0-20-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.15.0-20-generic-advanced-63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83' {
    #       recordfail
    #       load_video
    #       gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
    #       insmod gzio
    #       if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
    #       insmod part_msdos
    #       insmod ext2
    #       set root='hd0,msdos6'
    #       if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
    #         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos6 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos6  63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83
    #       else
    #         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83
    #       fi
    #       echo    'loading linux 4.15.0-20-generic ...'
    #           linux   /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-20-generic root=uuid=63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 ro  quiet splash $vt_handoff
    #       echo    'loading initial ramdisk ...'
    #       initrd  /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-20-generic
    #   }
    #   menuentry 'ubuntu, with linux 4.15.0-20-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.15.0-20-generic-recovery-63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83' {
    #       recordfail
    #       load_video
    #       insmod gzio
    #       if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
    #       insmod part_msdos
    #       insmod ext2
    #       set root='hd0,msdos6'
    #       if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
    #         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos6 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos6  63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83
    #       else
    #         search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83
    #       fi
    #       echo    'loading linux 4.15.0-20-generic ...'
    #           linux   /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-20-generic root=uuid=63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83 ro recovery nomodeset 
    #       echo    'loading initial ramdisk ...'
    #       initrd  /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-20-generic
    #   }
    #}
    
    ### begin /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
    #menuentry 'memory test (memtest86+)' {
    #   insmod part_msdos
    #   insmod ext2
    #   set root='hd0,msdos6'
    #   if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
    #     search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos6 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos6  63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83
    #   else
    #     search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83
    #   fi
    #   knetbsd /boot/memtest86+.elf
    }
    #menuentry 'memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)' {
    #   insmod part_msdos
    #   insmod ext2
    #   set root='hd0,msdos6'
    #   if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
    #     search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos6 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos6 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos6  63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83
    #   else
    #     search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 63719751-ee5c-41e4-9fd9-f850b8ffac83
    #   fi
    #   linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttys0,115200n8
    #}
    ### end /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
    • 更新grub配置:sudo update-grub
  9. 卸载不需要的软件:
    • firefox: sudo apt-get remove firefox firefox-locale-en firefox-locale-zh-hans
  10. 安装系统指示器:
    • sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
    • sudo apt-get update

    • sudo apt-get install syspeek
  11. 美化
    • 安装工具:sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool
    • 将关闭按钮调至左侧:
      Ubuntu18.04初始化
    • 去掉shell上无法修改的叹号:
      • sudo apt-get install gnome-shell-extensions重启gnome-tweaks-tool查看结果。
      • 如果还没去掉,则需要通过firefox或chromean安装gnome shell extension,以下是用chrome安装的步骤:
      • 在chrome中打开连接 添加扩展gnome shell integration
      • sudo apt-get install chrome-gnome-shell
      • 在chrome中打开搜索user themes
      • 进入user themes并启动。
      • 重启gnome-tweaks-tool可以看到extensions下的user themes已经启动,并且shell的叹号已经消失。
    • 截至到现在工具配置完毕,接下来美化主题和图标:
      • 下载主题:mcmojavemojave-light.tar.xz
      • 下载图标:mcmojave-circle 01-mcmojave-circle.tar.xz
      • tar -xf mojave-light.tar.xz 01-mcmojave-circle.tar.xz
      • sudo cp -a mojave-light /usr/share/themes/
      • sudo cp -a mcmojave-circle /usr/share/icons/
      • sudo cp -a mcmojave-circle-dark /usr/share/icons/
      • 在gnome-tweaks-tool中进行设置,如图所示:
        Ubuntu18.04初始化
      • 同理可以配置mojave-dark-20191116000126.tar.xz
    • 配置dock:
      • 在chrome中打开,搜索dash to dock
      • 进入到dash to dock并开启
      • 重新打开gnome-tweaks-tool在extensions界面启动dash to dock
      • 点击配置按钮进行配置,如下图所示:
        Ubuntu18.04初始化Ubuntu18.04初始化
    • 开机动画:
      • 下载开机动画主题:
      • 下载之后解压unzip suadesplash.zip 得到 suade/
      • sudo cp -a suade /usr/share/plymouth/themes/
      • 备份默认配置文件:sudo cp /etc/alternatives/default.plymouth /etc/alternatives/default.plymouth.bak
      • 修改配置文件/etc/alternatives/default.plymouth
      [plymouth theme]
      name=ubuntu logo
      description=a theme that features a blank background with a logo.
      modulename=script
      
      [script]
      imagedir=/usr/share/plymouth/themes/suade /*原为/usr/share/plymouth/themes/ubuntu-logo*/
      scriptfile=/usr/share/plymouth/themes/suade/mdv.script /*原为/usr/share/plymouth/themes/ubuntu-logo/ubuntu-logo.script*/
    • 设置登陆界面:
      • 备份设置登陆界面的css文件:sudo cp /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/ubuntu.css /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/ubuntu.css.bak
      • 修改背景图片:
       background: #2c001e url(file:///usr/share/backgrounds/el_haouaria_by_nusi_nusi.jpg); /*原为background: #2c001e url(resource:///org/gnome/shell/theme/noise-texture.png);*/
    • 修改topbar
      • 先打开gnome-tweaks-tool查看当前的shell主题,如图所示:
        Ubuntu18.04初始化

      • 修改该主题下的gnome-shell.css,sudo gedit /usr/share/themes/mojave-dark/gnome-shell/gnome-shell.css,如下所示:
      #panel {
        background-color: rgba(34,139,34, 0.8);
        /* transition from solid to transparent */
        transition-duration: 250ms;
        font-weight: normal; //原为bold
        height: 23px;//原为28px
        box-shadow: 0 0 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2), 0 0 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
      }
      • 修改之后保存,执行alt+f2输入r重新加载即可。

参考文件: & https://blog.csdn.net/white_idiot/article/details/88931162