Linux下嵌入式Web服务器BOA和CGI编程开发

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**目录**
一、环境搭建
二、相关配置（部分）
三、调试运行
四、测试源码参考
五、常见错误
六、扩展（ccgi，sqlite）

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# 一、环境搭建
操作系统：ubuntu12.04 lts
boa下载地址（但是我找不到...）:
我是其他网站找到的资源，但是忘了网址了，所以我直接上云盘资源
链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1_spr9mdcmsb8jpdm76fw6a 提取码: hb1e
可以参考：ubuntu下boa服务器的配置与搭建
cgi：直接终端安装 sudo apt-get install apache2
可以参考：

# 二、相关配置（部分）
boa我的配置：/etc/boa$ sudo vi boa.conf

# 下面几个都是关键点，基本就错这几个点上
# cumentroot /var/www
#将cgi保存的实际位置和网站地址做个对应
# scriptalias /cgi-bin/ /var/www/cgi-bin/
#cgi脚本运行时能看到的$path（可选）
# cgipath /bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin
#如果想在任何位置都能运行cgi，要添加这个（可选）
addtype application/x-httpd-cgi cgi
# boa v0.94 configuration file
# file format has not changed from 0.93
# file format has changed little from 0.92
# version changes are noted in the comments
#
# the boa configuration file is parsed with a lex/yacc or flex/bison
# generated parser. if it reports an error, the line number will be
# provided; it should be easy to spot. the syntax of each of these
# rules is very simple, and they can occur in any order. where possible
# these directives mimic those of ncsa httpd 1.3; i saw no reason to 
# introduce gratuitous differences.

# $id: boa.conf,v 1.25 2002/03/22 04:33:09 jnelson exp $
# the "serverroot" is not in this configuration file. it can be compiled
# into the server (see defines.h) or specified on the command line with
# the -c option, for example:
#
# boa -c /usr/local/boa

# port: the port boa runs on. the default port for http servers is 80.

# if it is less than 1024, the server must be started as root.
# 端口老是被占用，所以我改掉了
port 88

# listen: the internet address to bind(2) to. if you leave it out,
# it takes the behavior before 0.93.17.2, which is to bind to all
# addresses (inaddr_any). you only get one "listen" directive,
# if you want service on multiple ip addresses, you have three choices:
# 1. run boa without a "listen" directive
# a. all addresses are treated the same; makes sense if the addresses
# are localhost, ppp, and eth0.
# b. use the virtualhost directive below to point requests to different
# files. should be good for a very large number of addresses (web
# hosting clients).
# 2. run one copy of boa per ip address, each has its own configuration
# with a "listen" directive. no big deal up to a few tens of addresses.
# nice separation between clients.
# the name you provide gets run through inet_aton(3), so you have to use dotted
# quad notation. this configuration is too important to trust some dns.

#listen 192.68.0.5
# user: the name or uid the server should run as.
# group: the group name or gid the server should run as.

user 0 
group 0

# serveradmin: the email address where server problems should be sent.
# note: this is not currently used, except as an environment variable
# for cgis.
#serveradmin root@localhost
# errorlog: the location of the error log file. if this does not start
# with /, it is considered relative to the server root.
# set to /dev/null if you don't want errors logged.
# if unset, defaults to /dev/stderr

errorlog /var/log/boa/error_log

# please note: sending the logs to a pipe ('|'), as shown below,
# is somewhat experimental and might fail under heavy load.
# "usual libc implementations of printf will stall the whole
# process if the receiving end of a pipe stops reading."
#errorlog "|/usr/sbin/cronolog --symlink=/var/log/boa/error_log /var/log/boa/error-%y%m%d.log"

# accesslog: the location of the access log file. if this does not
# start with /, it is considered relative to the server root.
# comment out or set to /dev/null (less effective) to disable 
# access logging.
# accesslog /var/log/boa/access_log
# please note: sending the logs to a pipe ('|'), as shown below,
# is somewhat experimental and might fail under heavy load.
# "usual libc implementations of printf will stall the whole
# process if the receiving end of a pipe stops reading."
#accesslog "|/usr/sbin/cronolog --symlink=/var/log/boa/access_log /var/log/boa/access-%y%m%d.log"

# uselocaltime: logical switch. uncomment to use localtime 
# instead of utc time
#uselocaltime

# verbosecgilogs: this is just a logical switch.
# it simply notes the start and stop times of cgis in the error log
# comment out to disable.

#verbosecgilogs

# servername: the name of this server that should be sent back to 
# clients if different than that returned by gethostname + gethostbyname

servername www.your.org.here

# virtualhost: a logical switch.
# comment out to disable.
# given documentroot /var/www, requests on interface 'a' or ip 'ip-a'
# become /var/www/ip-a.
# example: http://localhost/ becomes /var/www/127.0.0.1
#
# not used until version 0.93.17.2. this "feature" also breaks commonlog
# output rules, it prepends the interface number to each access_log line.
# you are expected to fix that problem with a postprocessing script.

#virtualhost

# documentroot: the root directory of the html documents.
# comment out to disable server non user files.

documentroot /var/www

# userdir: the name of the directory which is appended onto a user's home
# directory if a ~user request is recieved.

userdir public_html

# directoryindex: name of the file to use as a pre-written html
# directory index. please make and use these files. on the
# fly creation of directory indexes can be _slow_.
# comment out to always use directorymaker

directoryindex index.html

# directorymaker: name of program used to create a directory listing.
# comment out to disable directory listings. if both this and
# directoryindex are commented out, accessing a directory will give
# an error (though accessing files in the directory are still ok).

directorymaker /usr/lib/boa/boa_indexer

# directorycache: if directoryindex doesn't exist, and directorymaker
# has been commented out, the the on-the-fly indexing of boa can be used
# to generate indexes of directories. be warned that the output is 
# extremely minimal and can cause delays when slow disks are used.
# note: the directorycache must be writable by the same user/group that 
# boa runs as.

# directorycache /var/spool/boa/dircache

# keepalivemax: number of keepalive requests to allow per connection
# comment out, or set to 0 to disable keepalive processing

keepalivemax 1000

# keepalivetimeout: seconds to wait before keepalive connection times out

keepalivetimeout 10

# mimetypes: this is the file that is used to generate mime type pairs
# and content-type fields for boa.
# set to /dev/null if you do not want to load a mime types file.
# do *not* comment out (better use addtype!)

mimetypes /etc/mime.types

# defaulttype: mime type used if the file extension is unknown, or there
# is no file extension.

defaulttype text/plain

# cgipath: the value of the $path environment variable given to cgi progs.

cgipath /bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin

# singlepostlimit: the maximum allowable number of bytes in 
# a single post. default is normally 1mb.

# addtype: adds types without editing mime.types
# example: addtype type extension [extension ...]

# uncomment the next line if you want .cgi files to execute from anywhere
#addtype application/x-httpd-cgi cgi

# redirect, alias, and scriptalias all have the same semantics -- they
# match the beginning of a request and take appropriate action. use
# redirect for other servers, alias for the same server, and scriptalias
# to enable directories for script execution.

# redirect allows you to tell clients about documents which used to exist in
# your server's namespace, but do not anymore. this allows you to tell the
# clients where to look for the relocated document.
# example: redirect /bar http://elsewhere/feh/bar

# aliases: aliases one path to another.
# example: alias /path1/bar /path2/foo

alias /doc /usr/doc

# scriptalias: maps a virtual path to a directory for serving scripts
# example: scriptalias /htbin/ /www/htbin/

scriptalias /cgi-bin/ /var/www/cgi-bin/

 

cgi我的配置：sudo vi /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default

servername 127.0.0.1 
<virtualhost *:80>
serveradmin webmaster@localhost

documentroot /var/www
<directory />
options followsymlinks
allowoverride none
</directory>
<directory /var/www/>
options indexes followsymlinks multiviews
allowoverride none
order allow,deny
allow from all
</directory>

scriptalias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/
<directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin">
allowoverride none
options +execcgi -multiviews +symlinksifownermatch
order allow,deny 
allow from all
</directory>

errorlog ${apache_log_dir}/error.log

# possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
# alert, emerg.
loglevel warn

customlog ${apache_log_dir}/access.log combined

alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/"
<directory "/usr/share/doc/">
options indexes multiviews followsymlinks
allowoverride none
order deny,allow
deny from all
allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128
</directory>

</virtualhost> 

 

# 三、调试运行
    都配好后运行 sudo ./boa
    访问 http://127.0.0.1:端口号
    我的就是 http://127.0.0.1:88
    gcc -o test.cgi test.c 编译生成 test.cgi
    把cgi文件拷贝到 cgi-bin 下
    网址就是 http://localhost:88/cgi-bin/test.cgi

 

 

 

 

# 四、测试源码参考

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下面提供几个测试代码，转自其他大佬，不过我找不到网址了。
1、

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void)
{
    char *data;
    long m,n;
    printf("content-type:text/html\n\n");
    printf("<html>");
    printf("<head>");
    printf("<title>multi</title>");
    printf("</head>");
    printf("<body>");
    printf("<h2 align=\"center\">multi control</h2>");
    printf("<form method=\"get\" action=\"test1.cgi\">");
    printf("<p>direction:<input type=\"text\" name=\"m\" value=\"\" size=\"18\">");
    printf("<p>step number:<input type=\"text\" name=\"n\" value=\"\" size=\"17\">");
    printf("<p align=\"left\">");
    printf("<input type=\"submit\"  value=\"submit\">");
    printf("<input type=\"reset\"    value=\"reset\">");
    printf("</p>");
    printf("</form>");
    printf("</body>");
    printf("</html>");

    data=getenv("query_string");
    if(!data)
        printf("<p>get no datas and it's wrong.");
    else if(sscanf(data,"m=%ld&n=%ld",&m,&n)!=2)
        printf("<p>the input must be numbers");
    else
        printf("<p>%ld and %ld multi= %ld",m,n,m*n);
    return 0;
}

 

 

 

2、
/var/www 下的pass.html

 

<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>用户登陆验证</title>
</head>
<body>
<form name="form1" action="/cgi-bin/pass.cgi" method="post">
<table align="center">
<tr><td align="center" colspan="2"></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">用户名</td>
<td><input type="text" name="username"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">密 码</td>
<td><input type="password" name="password"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input type="submit" value="登 录"></td>
<td><input type="reset" value="取 消"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>

 

/var/www/cgi-bin 下的pass.c

/*=====================================================================
cgi例子
=====================================================================*/
//pass.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
char* getcgidata(file* fp, char* requestmethod);
int main()
{
       char *input;
       char *req_method;
       char name[64];
       char pass[64];
       int i = 0;
       int j = 0;
      
//     printf("content-type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1\n\n");
       printf("content-type: text/html\n\n");
       printf("the following is query reuslt:<br><br>");
       req_method = getenv("request_method");
       input = getcgidata(stdin, req_method);
       // 我们获取的input字符串可能像如下的形式
       // username="admin"&password="aaaaa"
       // 其中"username="和"&password="都是固定的
       // 而"admin"和"aaaaa"都是变化的，也是我们要获取的
      
       // 前面9个字符是username=
       // 在"username="和"&"之间的是我们要取出来的用户名
       for ( i = 9; i < (int)strlen(input); i++ )
       {
              if ( input[i] == '&' )
              {
                     name[j] = '\0';
                     break;
              }                  
              name[j++] = input[i];
       }
       // 前面9个字符 + "&password="10个字符 + username的字符数
       // 是我们不要的，故省略掉，不拷贝
       for ( i = 19 + strlen(name), j = 0; i < (int)strlen(input); i++ )
       {
              pass[j++] = input[i];
       }
       pass[j] = '\0';
       printf("your username is %s<br>your password is %s<br> \n", name, pass);
      
       return 0;
}
char* getcgidata(file* fp, char* requestmethod)
{
       char* input;
       int len;
       int size = 1024;
       int i = 0;
      
       if (!strcmp(requestmethod, "get"))
       {
              input = getenv("query_string");
              return input;
       }
       else if (!strcmp(requestmethod, "post"))
       {
              len = atoi(getenv("content_length"));
              input = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char)*(size + 1));
             
              if (len == 0)
              {
                     input[0] = '\0';
                     return input;
              }
             
              while(1)
              {
                     input[i] = (char)fgetc(fp);
                     if (i == size)
                     {
                            input[i+1] = '\0';
                            return input;
                     }
                    
                     --len;
                     if (feof(fp) || (!(len)))
                     {
                            i++;
                            input[i] = '\0';
                            return input;
                     }
                     i++;
                    
              }
       }
       return null;
}

 

效果图：

 

 

输入数据点击“登录”

 

自动跳转到 /cgi-bin/pass.cgi ,获取到数据并打印

 

# 五、常见错误
你的配置会影响网址，502什么错误也是配置或权限有问题导致的。
如：
502 bad gateway
the cgi was not cgi/1.1 compliant.
cgi_header: unable to find lflf
1.可能是网址打错了(路径是否和配置文件对应)
2.配置有问题
3.权限没给足 chmod 777 test.cgi

# 六、扩展（ccgi，sqlite）
cgic的主站点：
sqlite官网：
配置参考大佬博客：
我在调试中遇到的问题也在大佬的博客下面做了 评论 ，如果大家碰到问题可以参考一下。
补充：编译时会出错，使用

gcc -o config.cgi config.c sqlite3.c cgic.c -lsqlite3 -lpthread -ldl

 

![涉及文件]

 

 

![html效果]

 

 

![cgi页面]

 

 

数据已写入数据库，可使用以下命令

sqlite3 person.db
.table
select * from person;