Tomcat7中web应用加载原理(二)web.xml解析
前一篇文章讲了org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig的lifecycleEvent方法中所做的事情。最后看到在Tomcat启动时或启动后(后台线程定时扫描)会调用HostConfig类的deployApps方法:
/** * Deploy applications for any directories or WAR files that are found * in our "application root" directory. */ protected void deployApps() { File appBase = appBase(); File configBase = configBase(); String[] filteredAppPaths = filterAppPaths(appBase.list()); // Deploy XML descriptors from configBase deployDescriptors(configBase, configBase.list()); // Deploy WARs deployWARs(appBase, filteredAppPaths); // Deploy expanded folders deployDirectories(appBase, filteredAppPaths); }
可以看到这里部署应用有三种方式:XML文件描述符、WAR包、文件目录。三种方式部署的总体流程很相似,都是一个web应用分配一个线程来处理,这里统一放到与Host内部的线程池对象中(startStopExecutor),所以有时会看到在默认配置下Tomcat启动后可能有一个叫“-startStop-”的线程还会运行一段时间才结束。但浏览这三种部署方式的实现代码,里面都是构建一个Context对象,并将构建好的Context对象与Host组件关联起来(即调用host.addChild(context)这句,具体代码在HostConfig类的deployDescriptor(ContextName cn, File contextXml)、deployDirectory(ContextName cn, File dir)、deployWAR(ContextName cn, File war)三个方法中,这里不再贴出代码来详细分析)。
前一篇文章只分析到这步,可以看出与一个web应用相对应的一个Context对象已经构建出来了,但如果容器只执行到这里根本无法响应一个浏览器的一次请求。就web服务器的实现来看一次请求过来除了需要根据内部Context构建找到这次请求访问的web应用具体所对应的Context对象,还需要包含web应用中具体的哪个Servlet来处理这次请求,中间是否还需要执行相应的过滤器(filter)、监听器(listener)等,做过java的web开发的都知道,这些信息是配置在一个web应用的WEB-INF\web.xml文件的(servlet3中已经支持将这些配置信息放到Java文件的注解中,但万变不离其宗,总归要在web应用的某个地方说明,并在容器启动时加载,这样才能真正提供web服务,响应请求)。
看到这里可以猜到Tomcat容器加载web应用时必定会有对于每个应用的web.xml文件的解析过程,本文就来看看这个解析过程。
在本文开头提到的三种部署应用的实现代码中有一些共通的代码,这里摘出来说明一下:
Class<?> clazz = Class.forName(host.getConfigClass()); LifecycleListener listener = (LifecycleListener) clazz.newInstance(); context.addLifecycleListener(listener);
host.addChild(context);
第一段是在所有Context对象构建时会添加一个监听器,这里监听器的类名是StandardHost类的实例变量configClass,其默认值就是org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig。第二段是将当前构建的Context对象添加到父容器Host对象中。
先看下StandardHost的addChild方法的实现:
public void addChild(Container child) { child.addLifecycleListener(new MemoryLeakTrackingListener()); if (!(child instanceof Context)) throw new IllegalArgumentException (sm.getString("standardHost.notContext")); super.addChild(child); }
可以看到这段代码最后调用了父类的addChild方法:
public void addChild(Container child) { if (Globals.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED) { PrivilegedAction<Void> dp = new PrivilegedAddChild(child); AccessController.doPrivileged(dp); } else { addChildInternal(child); } }
这里看下addChildInternal方法的实现:
private void addChildInternal(Container child) { if( log.isDebugEnabled() ) log.debug("Add child " + child + " " + this); synchronized(children) { if (children.get(child.getName()) != null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("addChild: Child name '" + child.getName() + "' is not unique"); child.setParent(this); // May throw IAE children.put(child.getName(), child); } // Start child // Don't do this inside sync block - start can be a slow process and // locking the children object can cause problems elsewhere if ((getState().isAvailable() || LifecycleState.STARTING_PREP.equals(getState())) && startChildren) { try { child.start(); } catch (LifecycleException e) { log.error("ContainerBase.addChild: start: ", e); throw new IllegalStateException ("ContainerBase.addChild: start: " + e); } } fireContainerEvent(ADD_CHILD_EVENT, child); }
可以看到会调用子容器的start方法,就是指调用StandardContext的start方法。
即给host对象添加子容器时将会调用子容器的start方法,按照前面文章的分析,调用StandardContext的start方法最终会调用org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext类的startInternal方法(该方法代码较长,建议自己阅读,不再贴出),这里将会发布一系列事件,按调用前后顺序这些事件包括:BEFORE_INIT_EVENT、AFTER_INIT_EVENT、BEFORE_START_EVENT、CONFIGURE_START_EVENT、START_EVENT、AFTER_START_EVENT。
前面提到在构建Context对象时都会注册一个监听器org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig,看下这个类的lifecycleEvent方法中(为什么会执行这个方法可以看本博文章的分析)监听了哪些事件:
/** * Process events for an associated Context. * * @param event The lifecycle event that has occurred */ @Override public void lifecycleEvent(LifecycleEvent event) { // Identify the context we are associated with try { context = (Context) event.getLifecycle(); } catch (ClassCastException e) { log.error(sm.getString("contextConfig.cce", event.getLifecycle()), e); return; } // Process the event that has occurred if (event.getType().equals(Lifecycle.CONFIGURE_START_EVENT)) { configureStart(); } else if (event.getType().equals(Lifecycle.BEFORE_START_EVENT)) { beforeStart(); } else if (event.getType().equals(Lifecycle.AFTER_START_EVENT)) { // Restore docBase for management tools if (originalDocBase != null) { context.setDocBase(originalDocBase); } } else if (event.getType().equals(Lifecycle.CONFIGURE_STOP_EVENT)) { configureStop(); } else if (event.getType().equals(Lifecycle.AFTER_INIT_EVENT)) { init(); } else if (event.getType().equals(Lifecycle.AFTER_DESTROY_EVENT)) { destroy(); } }
与Context的start方法调用相关的事件监听前后顺序为:AFTER_INIT_EVENT(执行init方法)、BEFORE_START_EVENT(执行beforeStart方法)、CONFIGURE_START_EVENT(执行configureStart方法)。
在configureStart方法将直接调用webConfig方法,正是在这个方法中将会解析web.xml文件:
/** * Scan the web.xml files that apply to the web application and merge them * using the rules defined in the spec. For the global web.xml files, * where there is duplicate configuration, the most specific level wins. ie * an application's web.xml takes precedence over the host level or global * web.xml file. */ protected void webConfig() { /* * Anything and everything can override the global and host defaults. * This is implemented in two parts * - Handle as a web fragment that gets added after everything else so * everything else takes priority * - Mark Servlets as overridable so SCI configuration can replace * configuration from the defaults */ /* * The rules for annotation scanning are not as clear-cut as one might * think. Tomcat implements the following process: * - As per SRV.1.6.2, Tomcat will scan for annotations regardless of * which Servlet spec version is declared in web.xml. The EG has * confirmed this is the expected behaviour. * - As per http://java.net/jira/browse/SERVLET_SPEC-36, if the main * web.xml is marked as metadata-complete, JARs are still processed * for SCIs. * - If metadata-complete=true and an absolute ordering is specified, * JARs excluded from the ordering are also excluded from the SCI * processing. * - If an SCI has a @HandlesType annotation then all classes (except * those in JARs excluded from an absolute ordering) need to be * scanned to check if they match. */ Set<WebXml> defaults = new HashSet<WebXml>(); defaults.add(getDefaultWebXmlFragment()); WebXml webXml = createWebXml(); // Parse context level web.xml InputSource contextWebXml = getContextWebXmlSource(); parseWebXml(contextWebXml, webXml, false); ServletContext sContext = context.getServletContext(); // Ordering is important here // Step 1. Identify all the JARs packaged with the application // If the JARs have a web-fragment.xml it will be parsed at this // point. Map<String,WebXml> fragments = processJarsForWebFragments(); // Step 2. Order the fragments. Set<WebXml> orderedFragments = null; orderedFragments = WebXml.orderWebFragments(webXml, fragments, sContext); // Step 3. Look for ServletContainerInitializer implementations if (ok) { processServletContainerInitializers(orderedFragments); } if (!webXml.isMetadataComplete() || typeInitializerMap.size() > 0) { // Step 4. Process /WEB-INF/classes for annotations if (ok) { // Hack required by Eclipse's "serve modules without // publishing" feature since this backs WEB-INF/classes by // multiple locations rather than one. NamingEnumeration<Binding> listBindings = null; try { try { listBindings = context.getResources().listBindings( "/WEB-INF/classes"); } catch (NameNotFoundException ignore) { // Safe to ignore } while (listBindings != null && listBindings.hasMoreElements()) { Binding binding = listBindings.nextElement(); if (binding.getObject() instanceof FileDirContext) { File webInfClassDir = new File( ((FileDirContext) binding.getObject()).getDocBase()); processAnnotationsFile(webInfClassDir, webXml, webXml.isMetadataComplete()); } else { String resource = "/WEB-INF/classes/" + binding.getName(); try { URL url = sContext.getResource(resource); processAnnotationsUrl(url, webXml, webXml.isMetadataComplete()); } catch (MalformedURLException e) { log.error(sm.getString( "contextConfig.webinfClassesUrl", resource), e); } } } } catch (NamingException e) { log.error(sm.getString( "contextConfig.webinfClassesUrl", "/WEB-INF/classes"), e); } } // Step 5. Process JARs for annotations - only need to process // those fragments we are going to use if (ok) { processAnnotations( orderedFragments, webXml.isMetadataComplete()); } // Cache, if used, is no longer required so clear it javaClassCache.clear(); } if (!webXml.isMetadataComplete()) { // Step 6. Merge web-fragment.xml files into the main web.xml // file. if (ok) { ok = webXml.merge(orderedFragments); } // Step 7. Apply global defaults // Have to merge defaults before JSP conversion since defaults // provide JSP servlet definition. webXml.merge(defaults); // Step 8. Convert explicitly mentioned jsps to servlets if (ok) { convertJsps(webXml); } // Step 9. Apply merged web.xml to Context if (ok) { webXml.configureContext(context); } } else { webXml.merge(defaults); convertJsps(webXml); webXml.configureContext(context); } // Step 9a. Make the merged web.xml available to other // components, specifically Jasper, to save those components // from having to re-generate it. // TODO Use a ServletContainerInitializer for Jasper String mergedWebXml = webXml.toXml(); sContext.setAttribute( org.apache.tomcat.util.scan.Constants.MERGED_WEB_XML, mergedWebXml); if (context.getLogEffectiveWebXml()) { log.info("web.xml:\n" + mergedWebXml); } // Always need to look for static resources // Step 10. Look for static resources packaged in JARs if (ok) { // Spec does not define an order. // Use ordered JARs followed by remaining JARs Set<WebXml> resourceJars = new LinkedHashSet<WebXml>(); if (orderedFragments != null) { for (WebXml fragment : orderedFragments) { resourceJars.add(fragment); } } for (WebXml fragment : fragments.values()) { if (!resourceJars.contains(fragment)) { resourceJars.add(fragment); } } processResourceJARs(resourceJars); // See also StandardContext.resourcesStart() for // WEB-INF/classes/META-INF/resources configuration } // Step 11. Apply the ServletContainerInitializer config to the // context if (ok) { for (Map.Entry<ServletContainerInitializer, Set<Class<?>>> entry : initializerClassMap.entrySet()) { if (entry.getValue().isEmpty()) { context.addServletContainerInitializer( entry.getKey(), null); } else { context.addServletContainerInitializer( entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()); } } } }
这个方法里面做的事情,在英文注释中说的很清楚了,概括起来包括合并Tomcat全局web.xml、当前应用中的web.xml、web-fragment.xml和web应用的注解中的配置信息,并将解析出的各种配置信息(如servlet配置、filter配置等)关联到Context对象中(在上面的代码第140行:webXml.configureContext(context))。
看下configureContext方法:
/** * Configure a {@link Context} using the stored web.xml representation. * * @param context The context to be configured */ public void configureContext(Context context) { // As far as possible, process in alphabetical order so it is easy to // check everything is present // Some validation depends on correct public ID context.setPublicId(publicId); // Everything else in order context.setEffectiveMajorVersion(getMajorVersion()); context.setEffectiveMinorVersion(getMinorVersion()); for (Entry<String, String> entry : contextParams.entrySet()) { context.addParameter(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()); } context.setDisplayName(displayName); context.setDistributable(distributable); for (ContextLocalEjb ejbLocalRef : ejbLocalRefs.values()) { context.getNamingResources().addLocalEjb(ejbLocalRef); } for (ContextEjb ejbRef : ejbRefs.values()) { context.getNamingResources().addEjb(ejbRef); } for (ContextEnvironment environment : envEntries.values()) { context.getNamingResources().addEnvironment(environment); } for (ErrorPage errorPage : errorPages.values()) { context.addErrorPage(errorPage); } for (FilterDef filter : filters.values()) { if (filter.getAsyncSupported() == null) { filter.setAsyncSupported("false"); } context.addFilterDef(filter); } for (FilterMap filterMap : filterMaps) { context.addFilterMap(filterMap); } for (JspPropertyGroup jspPropertyGroup : jspPropertyGroups) { JspPropertyGroupDescriptor descriptor = new ApplicationJspPropertyGroupDescriptor(jspPropertyGroup); context.getJspConfigDescriptor().getJspPropertyGroups().add( descriptor); } for (String listener : listeners) { context.addApplicationListener( new ApplicationListener(listener, false)); } for (Entry<String, String> entry : localeEncodingMappings.entrySet()) { context.addLocaleEncodingMappingParameter(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()); } // Prevents IAE if (loginConfig != null) { context.setLoginConfig(loginConfig); } for (MessageDestinationRef mdr : messageDestinationRefs.values()) { context.getNamingResources().addMessageDestinationRef(mdr); } // messageDestinations were ignored in Tomcat 6, so ignore here context.setIgnoreAnnotations(metadataComplete); for (Entry<String, String> entry : mimeMappings.entrySet()) { context.addMimeMapping(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()); } // Name is just used for ordering for (ContextResourceEnvRef resource : resourceEnvRefs.values()) { context.getNamingResources().addResourceEnvRef(resource); } for (ContextResource resource : resourceRefs.values()) { context.getNamingResources().addResource(resource); } for (SecurityConstraint constraint : securityConstraints) { context.addConstraint(constraint); } for (String role : securityRoles) { context.addSecurityRole(role); } for (ContextService service : serviceRefs.values()) { context.getNamingResources().addService(service); } for (ServletDef servlet : servlets.values()) { Wrapper wrapper = context.createWrapper(); // Description is ignored // Display name is ignored // Icons are ignored // jsp-file gets passed to the JSP Servlet as an init-param if (servlet.getLoadOnStartup() != null) { wrapper.setLoadOnStartup(servlet.getLoadOnStartup().intValue()); } if (servlet.getEnabled() != null) { wrapper.setEnabled(servlet.getEnabled().booleanValue()); } wrapper.setName(servlet.getServletName()); Map<String,String> params = servlet.getParameterMap(); for (Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()) { wrapper.addInitParameter(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()); } wrapper.setRunAs(servlet.getRunAs()); Set<SecurityRoleRef> roleRefs = servlet.getSecurityRoleRefs(); for (SecurityRoleRef roleRef : roleRefs) { wrapper.addSecurityReference( roleRef.getName(), roleRef.getLink()); } wrapper.setServletClass(servlet.getServletClass()); MultipartDef multipartdef = servlet.getMultipartDef(); if (multipartdef != null) { if (multipartdef.getMaxFileSize() != null && multipartdef.getMaxRequestSize()!= null && multipartdef.getFileSizeThreshold() != null) { wrapper.setMultipartConfigElement(new MultipartConfigElement( multipartdef.getLocation(), Long.parseLong(multipartdef.getMaxFileSize()), Long.parseLong(multipartdef.getMaxRequestSize()), Integer.parseInt( multipartdef.getFileSizeThreshold()))); } else { wrapper.setMultipartConfigElement(new MultipartConfigElement( multipartdef.getLocation())); } } if (servlet.getAsyncSupported() != null) { wrapper.setAsyncSupported( servlet.getAsyncSupported().booleanValue()); } wrapper.setOverridable(servlet.isOverridable()); context.addChild(wrapper); } for (Entry<String, String> entry : servletMappings.entrySet()) { context.addServletMapping(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()); } if (sessionConfig != null) { if (sessionConfig.getSessionTimeout() != null) { context.setSessionTimeout( sessionConfig.getSessionTimeout().intValue()); } SessionCookieConfig scc = context.getServletContext().getSessionCookieConfig(); scc.setName(sessionConfig.getCookieName()); scc.setDomain(sessionConfig.getCookieDomain()); scc.setPath(sessionConfig.getCookiePath()); scc.setComment(sessionConfig.getCookieComment()); if (sessionConfig.getCookieHttpOnly() != null) { scc.setHttpOnly(sessionConfig.getCookieHttpOnly().booleanValue()); } if (sessionConfig.getCookieSecure() != null) { scc.setSecure(sessionConfig.getCookieSecure().booleanValue()); } if (sessionConfig.getCookieMaxAge() != null) { scc.setMaxAge(sessionConfig.getCookieMaxAge().intValue()); } if (sessionConfig.getSessionTrackingModes().size() > 0) { context.getServletContext().setSessionTrackingModes( sessionConfig.getSessionTrackingModes()); } } for (Entry<String, String> entry : taglibs.entrySet()) { TaglibDescriptor descriptor = new ApplicationTaglibDescriptor( entry.getValue(), entry.getKey()); context.getJspConfigDescriptor().getTaglibs().add(descriptor); } // Context doesn't use version directly for (String welcomeFile : welcomeFiles) { /* * The following will result in a welcome file of "" so don't add * that to the context * <welcome-file-list> * <welcome-file/> * </welcome-file-list> */ if (welcomeFile != null && welcomeFile.length() > 0) { context.addWelcomeFile(welcomeFile); } } // Do this last as it depends on servlets for (JspPropertyGroup jspPropertyGroup : jspPropertyGroups) { String jspServletName = context.findServletMapping("*.jsp"); if (jspServletName == null) { jspServletName = "jsp"; } if (context.findChild(jspServletName) != null) { for (String urlPattern : jspPropertyGroup.getUrlPatterns()) { context.addServletMapping(urlPattern, jspServletName, true); } } else { if(log.isDebugEnabled()) { for (String urlPattern : jspPropertyGroup.getUrlPatterns()) { log.debug("Skiping " + urlPattern + " , no servlet " + jspServletName); } } } } for (Entry<String, String> entry : postConstructMethods.entrySet()) { context.addPostConstructMethod(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()); } for (Entry<String, String> entry : preDestroyMethods.entrySet()) { context.addPreDestroyMethod(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()); } }
可以看到里面对context调用了各种set、add方法,从而将web.xml中的各种配置信息与表示一个web应用的context对象关联起来。