python实现多人聊天室

本文实例为大家分享了python实现多人聊天室的具体代码，供大家参考，具体内容如下

一、目的

以实现小项目的方式，来巩固之前学过的python基本语法以及相关的知识。 

二、相关技术

1.wxpython gui编程

2.网络编程

3.多线程编程

4.数据库编程

5.简单的将数据导出到excel表 

三、存在的漏洞以及不足

1.由于数据库编码的问题，无法使用中文。

2.在客户端关闭后，其相关的线程仍然存在于服务器的用户线程队列中，所以服务器会错误地往已关闭的客户端传送信息。

3.客户端初始登录并加载历史记录时，会出现每条历史消息后面的回车键丢失的现象，解决的方法是：在加载相邻两条消息之间加个时间间隔，但效果不佳。

四、源码

服务器server：

 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from socket import *
import time
import threading
import wx
import mysqldb
import xlwt
from clientthread import clientthread

class server(wx.frame):
  def __init__(self,parent=none,id=-1,title='服务器',pos=wx.defaultposition,size=(500,300)):

    '''窗口'''
    wx.frame.__init__(self,parent,id,title,pos,size=(400,470))
    pl = wx.panel(self)
    con = wx.boxsizer(wx.vertical)
    subcon = wx.flexgridsizer(wx.horizontal)
    sta = wx.button(pl , size=(133, 40),label='启动服务器')
    end = wx.button(pl, size=(133, 40), label='关闭服务器')
    hist = wx.button(pl,size=(133,40),label='导出聊天记录')
    subcon.add(sta, 1, wx.bottom)
    subcon.add(hist, 1, wx.bottom)
    subcon.add(end, 1, wx.bottom)
    con.add(subcon,1,wx.align_centre|wx.bottom)
    self.text = wx.textctrl(pl, size=(400,250),style = wx.te_multiline|wx.te_readonly)
    con.add(self.text, 1, wx.align_centre)
    self.ttex = wx.textctrl(pl, size=(400,100),style=wx.te_multiline)
    con.add(self.ttex, 1, wx.align_centre)
    sub2 = wx.flexgridsizer(wx.horizontal)
    clear = wx.button(pl, size=(200, 40), label='清空')
    send = wx.button(pl, size=(200, 40), label='发送')
    sub2.add(clear, 1, wx.top | wx.left)
    sub2.add(send, 1, wx.top | wx.right)
    con.add(sub2, 1, wx.align_centre)
    pl.setsizer(con)
    '''窗口'''

    '''绑定'''
    self.bind(wx.evt_button, self.editclear, clear)
    self.bind(wx.evt_button, self.sendmessage, send)
    self.bind(wx.evt_button, self.start, sta)
    self.bind(wx.evt_button, self.break, end)
    self.bind(wx.evt_button, self.writetoexcel, hist)
    '''绑定'''

    '''服务器准备工作'''
    self.userthreadlist = []
    self.onserve = false
    addr = ('', 21567)
    self.servesock = socket(af_inet, sock_stream)
    self.servesock.bind(addr)
    self.servesock.listen(10)
    '''服务器准备工作'''

    '''数据库准备工作，用于存储聊天记录'''
    self.db = mysqldb.connect('localhost', 'root', '123456', 'user_info')
    self.cursor = self.db.cursor()
    self.cursor.execute("select * from history order by time")
    self.text.setvalue('')
    for data in self.cursor.fetchall():  #加载历史聊天记录
      self.text.appendtext('%s said:\n%s\nwhen %s\n\n' % (data[0], data[2], data[1]))
    '''数据库准备工作，用于存储聊天记录'''


  #将聊天记录导出到excel表中
  def writetoexcel(self,event):
    wbk = xlwt.workbook()
    sheet = wbk.add_sheet('sheet 1')
    self.cursor.execute("select * from history order by time")
    sheet.write(0, 0, "user")
    sheet.write(0, 1, "datetime")
    sheet.write(0, 5, "message")
    index = 0
    for data in self.cursor.fetchall():
      index = index + 1
      time = '%s'%data[1] #将datetime转成字符形式，否则直接写入excel会变成时间戳
      sheet.write(index,0,data[0])
      sheet.write(index,1,time)  #写进excel会变成时间戳
      sheet.write(index,5,data[2])
    wbk.save(r'd:\history_dialog.xls')


  #启动服务器的服务线程
  def start(self,event):
    if not self.onserve:
      '''启动服务线程'''
      self.onserve = true
      mainthread = threading.thread(target=self.on_serving, args=())
      mainthread.setdaemon(true) # 解决父线程结束，子线程还继续运行的问题
      mainthread.start()
      '''启动服务线程'''

  #关闭服务器
  def break(self,event):
    self.onserve = false

  #服务器主循环
  def on_serving(self):
    print '...on serving...'
    while self.onserve:
      usersocket, useraddr = self.servesock.accept()
      username = usersocket.recv(1024).decode(encoding='utf-8')  #接收用户名
      userthread = clientthread(usersocket, username,self)
      self.userthreadlist.append(userthread) #将用户线程加到队列中
      userthread.start()
    self.servesock.close()

  #绑定发送按钮
  def sendmessage(self,event):
    if self.onserve and cmp(self.ttex.getvalue(),''):
      data = self.ttex.getvalue()
      self.addtext('server',data,time.strftime("%y-%m-%d %h:%m:%s", time.localtime()))
      self.ttex.setvalue('')


  # 向所有客户端（包括自己）发送信息,同时更新到数据库
  def addtext(self, source, data,time):
    self.cursor.execute("insert into history values(\"%s\",\"%s\",\"%s\")" % (source,time,data))  #双引号里面有双引号，bug：句子不能有双引号、以及中文
    self.db.commit()
    senddata = '%s said:\n%s\nwhen %s\n' % (source,data,time)
    self.text.appendtext('%s\n'%senddata)
    for user in self.userthreadlist:    #bug：客户端关闭了仍然在队列中。如果客户端关闭了，那怎么在服务器判断是否已经关闭了？客户端在关闭之前发一条信息给服务器？
      user.usersocket.send(senddata.encode(encoding='utf-8'))

  #绑定清空按钮
  def editclear(self,event):
    self.ttex.clear()


def main():
  app = wx.app(false)
  server().show()
  app.mainloop()

if __name__ == '__main__':
  main()

服务器的客户线程clientthread：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import threading
import time

class clientthread(threading.thread):

  def __init__(self,usersocket, username,server):
    threading.thread.__init__(self)
    self.usersocket = usersocket
    self.username = username
    self.server = server
    self.loadhist()

  # 加载历史聊天记录
  def loadhist(self):
    self.server.cursor.execute("select * from history order by time")
    for data in self.server.cursor.fetchall():
      time.sleep(0.6)         #几条信息同时发，会造成末尾回车键的丢失，所以要有时间间隔
      senddata = '%s said:\n%s\nwhen %s\n'%(data[0], data[2], data[1])
      self.usersocket.send(senddata.encode(encoding='utf-8'))


  #方法重写，线程的入口
  def run(self):
    size = 1024
    while true:
      data = self.usersocket.recv(size)  #未解决：客户端断开连接后这里会报错
      self.server.addtext(self.username,data.decode(encoding='utf-8'),time.strftime("%y-%m-%d %h:%m:%s", time.localtime()))
    self.usersocket.close() #这里都执行不到

客户登录界面logframe：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from socket import *
import wx
import mysqldb
from client import client

class logframe(wx.frame):
  def __init__(self,parent=none,id=-1,title='登录窗口',pos=wx.defaultposition,size=(500,300)):

    '''窗口'''
    wx.frame.__init__(self,parent,id,title,pos,size=(400,280))
    self.pl = wx.panel(self)
    con = wx.boxsizer(wx.vertical)
    subcon = wx.flexgridsizer(2,2,10,10)
    username = wx.statictext(self.pl, label="username:",style=wx.align_left)
    password = wx.statictext(self.pl, label="password:",style=wx.align_left)
    self.tc1 = wx.textctrl(self.pl,size=(180,20))
    self.tc2 = wx.textctrl(self.pl,size=(180,20),style=wx.te_password)
    subcon.add(username,wx.te_left)
    subcon.add(self.tc1,1,wx.expand)
    subcon.add(password)
    subcon.add(self.tc2,1,wx.expand)
    con.add(subcon,1,wx.align_center)
    subcon2 = wx.flexgridsizer(1,2,10,10)
    register = wx.button(self.pl,label='register')
    login = wx.button(self.pl,label='login')
    subcon2.add(register,1, wx.top)
    subcon2.add(login,1, wx.top)
    con.add(subcon2,1,wx.align_centre)
    self.pl.setsizer(con)
    self.bind(wx.evt_button,self.register,register)
    self.bind(wx.evt_button,self.login,login)
    '''窗口'''
    self.isconnected = false
    self.usersocket = none

  #连接到服务器
  def connecttoserver(self):
    if not self.isconnected:
      addr = ('localhost', 21567)
      self.usersocket = socket(af_inet, sock_stream)
      try:
        self.usersocket.connect(addr)
        self.usersocket.send(self.tc1.getvalue().encode(encoding='utf-8'))
        self.isconnected = true
        return true
      except exception:
        return false
    else:
      return true

  #登录
  def login(self,event):
    if not self.connecttoserver():
      err = wx.messagedialog(none, '服务器未启动', 'error!', wx.ok)
      err.showmodal()
      err.destroy()
    else:
      username = self.tc1.getvalue()
      password = self.tc2.getvalue()
      db = mysqldb.connect('localhost', 'root', '123456', 'user_info')
      cursor = db.cursor()
      cursor.execute("select * from user_list where username='%s' and password='%s'"%(username,password))
      if not cursor.fetchone():
        err = wx.messagedialog(none,'用户不存在或密码错误','error!',wx.ok)
        err.showmodal()
      else:
        self.close()
        client(opsock=self.usersocket, username=username).show()
      db.commit()
      db.close()

  #注册
  def register(self,event):
    if not self.connecttoserver():
      err = wx.messagedialog(none, '服务器未启动', 'error!', wx.ok)
      err.showmodal()
      err.destroy()
    else:
      username = self.tc1.getvalue()
      password = self.tc2.getvalue()
      db = mysqldb.connect('localhost', 'root', '123456', 'user_info')
      cursor = db.cursor()
      cursor.execute("select * from user_list where username='%s'"%username)
      if not cursor.fetchone():
        cursor.execute("insert into user_list(username,password) values('%s','%s')"%(username,password))
      else:
        err = wx.messagedialog(none, '用户已存在', 'error!', wx.ok)
        err.showmodal()
      db.commit()
      db.close()


def main():
  app = wx.app(false)
  logframe().show()
  app.mainloop()

if __name__ == '__main__':
  main()

客户端client：

#/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import wx
import threading
from time import ctime

class client(wx.frame):
  def __init__(self,opsock,username,parent=none,id=-1,title='客户端',pos=wx.defaultposition,size=(500,300)):

    '''窗口'''
    wx.frame.__init__(self,parent,id,title,pos,size=(400,470))
    self.opsock = opsock
    self.username = username
    pl = wx.panel(self)
    con = wx.boxsizer(wx.vertical)
    subcon = wx.flexgridsizer(wx.horizontal)
    sta = wx.button(pl, size=(200, 40),label='连接')
    end = wx.button(pl, size=(200, 40),label='断开')
    subcon.add(sta, 1, wx.top|wx.left)
    subcon.add(end, 1, wx.top|wx.right)
    con.add(subcon,1,wx.align_centre)
    self.text = wx.textctrl(pl, size=(400,250),style = wx.te_multiline|wx.te_readonly)
    con.add(self.text, 1, wx.align_centre)
    self.ttex = wx.textctrl(pl, size=(400,100),style=wx.te_multiline)
    con.add(self.ttex, 1, wx.align_centre)
    sub2 = wx.flexgridsizer(wx.horizontal)
    clear = wx.button(pl, size=(200, 40), label='清空')
    send = wx.button(pl, size=(200, 40), label='发送')
    sub2.add(clear, 1, wx.top | wx.left)
    sub2.add(send, 1, wx.top | wx.right)
    con.add(sub2, 1, wx.align_centre)
    pl.setsizer(con)
    '''窗口'''

    '''绑定'''
    self.bind(wx.evt_button, self.editclear, clear)
    self.bind(wx.evt_button, self.send, send)
    self.bind(wx.evt_button, self.login, sta)
    self.bind(wx.evt_button, self.logout, end)
    '''绑定'''
    self.isconnected = false

  #登录
  def login(self,event):
    '''客户端准备工作'''
    self.isconnected = true
    t = threading.thread(target=self.receive, args=())
    t.setdaemon(true)
    t.start()
    '''客户端准备工作'''

  #退出
  def logout(self,event):
    self.isconnected = false

  #绑定发送按钮
  def send(self,event):
    if self.isconnected and cmp(self.ttex.getvalue(),''):
      self.opsock.send(self.ttex.getvalue().encode(encoding='utf-8'))
      self.ttex.setvalue('')

  #绑定清空按钮
  def editclear(self,event):
    self.ttex.clear()

  #接收客户端的信息（独立一个线程）
  def receive(self):
    while self.isconnected:
      data = self.opsock.recv(1024).decode(encoding='utf-8')
      self.text.appendtext('%s\n'%data)

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。