Javascript基础教程之数组 array_基础知识
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2022-05-03 18:19:17
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字符串,数值,布尔值都属于离散值(scalar),如果某个变量是离散的,那么任何时候它只有一个值。
var aTeam = new Array(12);//声明变量的长度
var aTeam = new Array();//数组最终个数未知的情况下,可以不声明具体的个数
aTeam[0] = 1414;
aTeam[1] = "北京";
aTeam[2] = 0x4;
aTeam[3] = "i can";
aTeam[4] = "red";
aTeam[5] = "blue";
aTeam[6] = "orange";
var aTeam = new Array("111","blue","red","beijing");
var aTeam = new Array("111","blue","red","beijing" );
document.write(aTeam[1]+"
");
document.write(aTeam.length +"
")
var aTeam = new Array("111","blue","red","beijing" );
aTeam[20] = "12415"
document.write(aTeam[20]+"
");
document.write(aTeam.length +"
")
sTeam = [10,"5565","北京",33263,"red"]
document.write(sTeam[3]) //输出 33263
sTeam = [10,"5565","pking",33263,"red"]
document.write(sTeam.toString()) //
//输出结果 10,5565,pking,33263,red
document.write(typeof(ss));
//输出结果 string
sTeam = [10,"5565","pking",33263,"red"]
ss = sTeam.join("-");
dd =sTeam.join("][")
//输出结果 10,5565,pking,33263,red
document.write(ss);
document.write(dd);
//输出 10-5565-pking-33263-red 10][5565][pking][33263][red
var fruit = "apple,2151,orange";
sfruit = fruit.split(",")
document.write(sfruit); //输出 apple,2151,orange
document.write(sfruit.join("-")); //输出apple-2151-orange
var fruit = "apple,2151,orange";
sfruit = fruit.split(",")
document.write(sfruit); //输出 apple,2151,orange
document.write(sfruit.join("-")+"
"); //输出apple-2151-orange
document.write(sfruit.reverse()+"
");输出 orange,2151,apple
document.write(sfruit.reverse().toString()+"
");输出apple,2151,orange
var fruit = "2151,orange,apple";
var sfruit = "iambeijing123";
document.write(fruit.split(",").reverse()+"
");//2151,orange,apple
document.write(sfruit.split("").reverse().join("")+"
");//输出iambeijing123
fruit = ["orange2","2151","orange","apple"]
document.write(fruit.sort());//输出结果2151,apple,orange,orange2
sfruit = new Array();
sfruit.push("red");
sfruit.push("green");
sfruit.push("oragen");
sfruit.push("blue");
document.write(sfruit.length + sfruit.toString()+"
");
var wfruit = sfruit.pop();
document.write(wfruit+"
")
document.write(sfruit.toString())
如果想使用变量存储一组值,就需要使用数组(array)。
数组是由多个名称相同的树值构成的集合,集合中每个数组都是数组的元素(element),可以使用变量team存储团队里每个成员的名字。
在JavaScript中,数组使用关键字 Array声明创建,同事还可以声明变量的长度length。例如
复制代码 代码如下:
var aTeam = new Array(12);//声明变量的长度
在无法预知数组的最终个数时,声明数组可以不指定具体个数。例如:
复制代码 代码如下:
var aTeam = new Array();//数组最终个数未知的情况下,可以不声明具体的个数
aTeam[0] = 1414;
aTeam[1] = "北京";
aTeam[2] = 0x4;
aTeam[3] = "i can";
aTeam[4] = "red";
aTeam[5] = "blue";
aTeam[6] = "orange";
另外,可以直接创建数组
复制代码 代码如下:
var aTeam = new Array("111","blue","red","beijing");
同字符串一样,数组也可以使用length获取和指定数组的长度。
复制代码 代码如下:
var aTeam = new Array("111","blue","red","beijing" );
document.write(aTeam[1]+"
");
document.write(aTeam.length +"
")
令注:能更深刻的理解数组。
复制代码 代码如下:
var aTeam = new Array("111","blue","red","beijing" );
aTeam[20] = "12415"
document.write(aTeam[20]+"
");
document.write(aTeam.length +"
")
另外, 数组还可以用[ ]来定义。中间使用逗号隔开。
复制代码 代码如下:
sTeam = [10,"5565","北京",33263,"red"]
document.write(sTeam[3]) //输出 33263
数组可以使用toString()方便的转化
复制代码 代码如下:
sTeam = [10,"5565","pking",33263,"red"]
document.write(sTeam.toString()) //
//输出结果 10,5565,pking,33263,red
document.write(typeof(ss));
//输出结果 string
如果数组转化为字符串不想使用逗号连接 ,可使用join()方法。
复制代码 代码如下:
sTeam = [10,"5565","pking",33263,"red"]
ss = sTeam.join("-");
dd =sTeam.join("][")
//输出结果 10,5565,pking,33263,red
document.write(ss);
document.write(dd);
//输出 10-5565-pking-33263-red 10][5565][pking][33263][red
对于字符串,JavaScript使用split()转化为数组
复制代码 代码如下:
var fruit = "apple,2151,orange";
sfruit = fruit.split(",")
document.write(sfruit); //输出 apple,2151,orange
document.write(sfruit.join("-")); //输出apple-2151-orange
接上例,javascript提供了reverse()方法使数组反转。
复制代码 代码如下:
var fruit = "apple,2151,orange";
sfruit = fruit.split(",")
document.write(sfruit); //输出 apple,2151,orange
document.write(sfruit.join("-")+"
"); //输出apple-2151-orange
document.write(sfruit.reverse()+"
");输出 orange,2151,apple
document.write(sfruit.reverse().toString()+"
");输出apple,2151,orange
对于字符串反转,javascript没有直接的转化方法,我们可以利用split()将字符串转为数组,利用rerverse()进行反转,再利用join进行连接,达到字符串反转。
复制代码 代码如下:
var fruit = "2151,orange,apple";
var sfruit = "iambeijing123";
document.write(fruit.split(",").reverse()+"
");//2151,orange,apple
document.write(sfruit.split("").reverse().join("")+"
");//输出iambeijing123
利用sort()可以使数组元素进行(字母顺序)排序。
复制代码 代码如下:
fruit = ["orange2","2151","orange","apple"]
document.write(fruit.sort());//输出结果2151,apple,orange,orange2
关于push()和pop()的用法
复制代码 代码如下:
sfruit = new Array();
sfruit.push("red");
sfruit.push("green");
sfruit.push("oragen");
sfruit.push("blue");
document.write(sfruit.length + sfruit.toString()+"
");
var wfruit = sfruit.pop();
document.write(wfruit+"
")
document.write(sfruit.toString())
如上,javascript将数组看成了一个堆栈,通过push()和pop()进行压栈和出栈处理。