Android控件ListView使用方法详解

android控件listview使用方法介绍，具体如下

一、listview的简单用法

首先新建一个listviewtest项目，并让android studio自动创建好活动。然后修改activity_main.xml中的代码，如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<linearlayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
 android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="match_parent">

 <listview
  android:id="@+id/list_view"
  android:layout_width="match_parent"
  android:layout_height="match_parent">
 </listview>
</linearlayout>

接下来修改mainactivity中的代码：

public class mainactivity extends appcompatactivity {

 private string[] data={"apple","banana","orange","watermelon","pear","grape","pineapple","strawberry","cherry","mango","apple","banana","orange","watermelon","pear","grape","pineapple","strawberry","cherry","mango"};
 @override
 protected void oncreate(bundle savedinstancestate) {
  super.oncreate(savedinstancestate);
  setcontentview(r.layout.activity_main);

  arrayadapter<string> adapter=new arrayadapter<string>(mainactivity.this,android.r.layout.simple_list_item_1,data);
  listview listview=(listview)findviewbyid(r.id.list_view);
  listview.setadapter(adapter);
 }
}

数组中的数据无法直接传递给listview，需要借助适配器来实现。

arrayadapter的构造函数中依次传入当前上下文，listview子项布局的id，以及要适配的数据；

调用listview的setadapter()方法，将构建好的适配器对象传递进去，这样listview和数据之间的关联就建立完成。

运行程序，可以通过滚动的方式来查看屏幕外的数据。

二、定制listview的界面

首先准备一组图片，分别对应上面提供的每一种水果（注意图片大小尽量一致），放在drawable目录下，注意命名不能出现大写字母（比如apple不合法）；

在com.example.administrator.listviewtest下新建.java文件，定义一个实体类fruit，作为listview适配器的适配类型。

public class fruit{
 private string name;
 private int imageid;
 public fruit(string name,int imageid){
  this.name=name;
  this.imageid=imageid;
 }
 public string getname(){
  return name;
 }
 public int getimageid(){
  return imageid;
 }
}

然后为listview的子项指定一个自定义布局，在layout目录下新建fruit_item.xml。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<linearlayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
 android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content">

 <imageview
  android:id="@+id/fruit_image"
  android:layout_width="wrap_content"
  android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

 <textview
  android:id="@+id/fruit_name"
  android:layout_width="wrap_content"
  android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
  android:layout_marginleft="10dp"
  />
</linearlayout>

接下来创建一个自定义的适配器，同样在com.example.administrator.listviewtest下新建.java文件，重写了父类的一组构造函数，用于将上下文、listview子项布局的id和数据都传递进来，命名为fruitadapter，代码如下：

public class fruitadapter extends arrayadapter<fruit> {
 private int resourceid;
 public fruitadapter(context context, int textviewresourceid, list<fruit> objects){
  super(context,textviewresourceid,objects);
  resourceid=textviewresourceid;
 }
 @override
 public view getview(int position,view convertview,viewgroup parent){
  fruit fruit=getitem(position);   //获取当前项的实例
  view view= layoutinflater.from(getcontext()).inflate(resourceid,parent,false);
  imageview fruitimage=(imageview)view.findviewbyid(r.id.fruit_image);
  textview fruitname=(textview) view.findviewbyid(r.id.fruit_name);
  fruitimage.setimageresource(fruit.getimageid());
  fruitname.settext(fruit.getname());
  return view;
 }
}

下面修改mainactivity中的代码：

package com.example.administrator.listviewtest;

import android.support.v7.app.appcompatactivity;
import android.os.bundle;
import android.widget.arrayadapter;
import android.widget.listview;

import java.util.arraylist;
import java.util.list;

public class mainactivity extends appcompatactivity {
 private list<fruit> fruitlist=new arraylist<>();

// private string[] data={"apple","banana","orange","watermelon","pear","grape","pineapple","strawberry","cherry","mango","apple","banana","orange","watermelon","pear","grape","pineapple","strawberry","cherry","mango"};
 @override
 protected void oncreate(bundle savedinstancestate) {
  super.oncreate(savedinstancestate);
  setcontentview(r.layout.activity_main);
  initfruits();     //初始化水果数据
  fruitadapter adapter=new fruitadapter(mainactivity.this,r.layout.fruit_item,fruitlist);

//  arrayadapter<string> adapter = new arrayadapter<string>(mainactivity.this, android.r.layout.simple_list_item_1, data);
  listview listview = (listview) findviewbyid(r.id.list_view);
  listview.setadapter(adapter);
 }

 private void initfruits(){
  for(int i=0;i<2;i++){
   fruit apple=new fruit("apple",r.drawable.apple);
   fruitlist.add(apple);
   fruit orange=new fruit("orange",r.drawable.orange);
   fruitlist.add(orange);
   fruit banana=new fruit("banana",r.drawable.banana);
   fruitlist.add(banana);
   fruit waterlenmo=new fruit("waterlemon",r.drawable.waterlemon);
   fruitlist.add(waterlenmo);
   fruit pear=new fruit("pear",r.drawable.pear);
   fruitlist.add(pear);
   fruit grape=new fruit("grape",r.drawable.grape);
   fruitlist.add(grape);
   fruit pineapple=new fruit("pineapple",r.drawable.pineapple);
   fruitlist.add(pineapple);
   fruit strawberry=new fruit("strawberry",r.drawable.straw);
   fruitlist.add(strawberry);
   fruit cherry=new fruit("cherry",r.drawable.cherry);
   fruitlist.add(cherry);
   fruit mango=new fruit("mango",r.drawable.mango);
   fruitlist.add(mango);
  }
 }
}

运行程序后，效果图如下（图片大小后来才意识到，懒得换了……）：

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