思科路由过滤命令详细解说
(一) route maps
特性:
route maps类似于access lists,不同之处在于route maps可以改变packets/routes的部分属性。
用途:
route maps主要用于redistribution和policy routing及bgp的实现。
实现:
policy routing发送packets到route maps实现策略路由转发。
redistribution发送routes到route maps实现路由条目的过滤。
配置说明:
route maps如果没有指定action及sequence number属性,默认:
action: permit
sequence number: 10
且sequence number不会自动增加。
即如果在使用route maps语句时不指定sequence number,则覆盖sequence number为10的默认条目。
route maps deny action:
redistribution: 特定路由条目不会被重分布。
policy routing: 特定的packets不会按策略路由转发,但会梗概正常的路由表条目转发。
case study:policy routing
注:(1)policy routing只影响入流量。
(2)可以使用standard及extended acl.
(3)全局配置ip local policy route-map sense可将策略路由应用于router本身发送的packets.
<1> standard acl
interface serial 0 ip address 172.16.5.1 255.255.255.0 ip policy route-map sense ! access-list 1 permit 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255 access-list 2 permit 172.16.7.0 0.0.0.255 ! route-map sense permit 10 match ip address 1 set ip next-hop 172.16.4.2 ! route-map sense permit 20 match ip address 2 set ip next-hop 172.16.4.3
<2> extended acl
interface ethernet 0 ip address 172.16.1.4 255.255.255.0 ip policy route-map sense ! access-list 105 permit tcp 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 eq ftp any access-list 105 permit tcp 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 eq ftp-data any access-list 106 permit tcp 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 eq telnet any ! route-map sense permit 10 match ip address 105 set ip next-hop 172.16.2.1 ! route-map sense permit 20 match ip address 106 set ip next-hop 172.16.3.1
<3> length of the packets
interface ethernet0 ip address 172.16.1.4 255.255.255.0 ip policy route-map sense ! route-map sense permit 10 match length 1000 1600 set ip next-hop 172.16.2.1 ! route-map sense permit 20 match length 0 400 set ip next-hop 172.16.3.1
<4> router's packets
interface ethernet0 ip address 172.16.1.4 255.255.255.0 ip policy route-map sense ! ip local policy route-map sense ! access-list 120 permit ip any 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 access-list 120 permit ospf any any ! route-map sense permit 10 match ip address 120 ! route-map sense permit 20 match length 1000 1600 set ip next-hop 172.16.2.1 ! route-map sense permit 30 match length 0 400 set ip next-hop 172.16.3.1
注:如果没有第一个route-map条目,router本身的packets及ospf的packets都会由于后两个route-map语句被转发到错误的地址。
case study: policy routing and quality of service routing
policy routing结合ip包头的precedence和type of service(tos)可以实现基于qos的策略路由。
注:precedence和tos的配置既可使用number字段,也可以使用keyword.
set ip precedence ------------------------------------- bits number keyword 000 0 routine 001 1 priority 010 2 immediate 011 3 flash 100 4 flash-override 101 5 critical 110 6 internet 111 7 network ------------------------------------- set ip tos ------------------------------------- bits number keyword 0000 0 normal 0001 1 min-monetary-cost 0010 2 max-reliability 0100 4 max-throughput 1000 8 min-delay ------------------------------------- interface serial0 ip address 10.1.18.67 255.255.255.252 ip policy route-map sense ! interface serial1 ip address 10.34.16.83.255.255.255.252 ip policy route-map sense ! access-list 1 permit 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 access-list 110 permit tcp any eq www any ! route-map sense permit 10 match ip address 1 110 set ip precedence critical ! route-map sense permit 20 set ip tos 10 set ip precedence priority
case study: route tagging
用途:
用于双向重分布时标识特定domain的路由,以防路由被重分布回起源domain.
使用方案:
通告路由条目的边缘router在重分布时给路由条目加上tag标识,做为transit network的domain,不需要使用和识别tag,仅仅需要将它传递到它的外部网络即可。
路由协议相关:
support: ripv2,eigrp,is-is,ospf,bgp
not support: ripv1,igrp
packets format:
ripv2: 支持16-bit tags 表示为十进制:0 ~ 65535
eigrp external route tlvs: 支持32-bit tags 表示为十进制:0 ~ 4294967295
ospf type 5 lsas: 支持32-bit tags 表示为十进制:0 ~ 4294967295
配置实例:
router ospf 1 redistribute igrp 1 metric 10 subnets tag 1 redistribute rip metric 10 subnets route-map sense network 10.100.200.1 0.0.0.0 area 0 ! router rip network 10.0.0.0 ! router igrp 1 network 10.0.0.0 ! access-list 1 permit 10.1.2.3 access-list 2 permit 10.1.2.4 ! route-map sense permit 10 match ip route-source 1 set tag 2 ! route-map sense permit 20 match ip route-source 2 set tag 3