欢迎您访问程序员文章站本站旨在为大家提供分享程序员计算机编程知识!
您现在的位置是: 首页  >  IT编程

React从入门到放弃之前奏(1):webpack4简介

程序员文章站 2022-05-01 17:17:49
接触webpack是好久之前的事情了,最近看了下webpack没想到都到4了。 webpack 是一个现代 JavaScript 应用程序的静态模块打包器(module bundler). 会创建1个依赖关系图(dependency graph),包含所有依赖的模块,然后将模块打包成1个或多个bun ......

接触webpack是好久之前的事情了,最近看了下webpack没想到都到4了。

webpack 是一个现代 JavaScript 应用程序的静态模块打包器(module bundler).

会创建1个依赖关系图(dependency graph),包含所有依赖的模块,然后将模块打包成1个或多个bundle.

webpack4 仍然支持高度可配,但完全可以不用配置文件了(基于mode)。

核心配置:

  • 入口(entry):
  • 输出(output):
  • loader:
  • 插件(plugins):

基本特性

Entry

入口起点(entry point)指示 webpack 应该使用哪个模块,来作为构建其内部依赖图的开始。

可以通过在 webpack 配置中配置 entry 属性,来指定一个入口起点(或多个入口起点)。默认值为 ./src/index.js

webpack.config.js

module.exports = {
    entry: {
        main: './src/index.js'
    },
};

Output

output 属性告诉 webpack 在哪里输出它所创建的 bundles,以及如何命名这些文件,默认值为./dist/[name].js

webpack.config.js

const path = require('path');

module.exports = {
  entry: './src/index.js',
  output: {
    path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist'),
    filename: '[name].js'
  }
};

Loader

loader 让 webpack 能够去处理那些非 JavaScript 文件(webpack 自身只理解 JavaScript)。

loaders 有2个核心参数:

  1. test 属性,用于标识出需要转换的某个或某些文件。
  2. use 属性,表示进行转换时,应该使用哪个 loader。
const path = require('path');

const config = {
  output: {
    filename: 'bundle.js'
  },
  module: {
    rules: [
      { test: /\.txt$/, use: 'raw-loader' }
    ]
  }
};

module.exports = config;

Plugins

插件的范围包括,从打包优化和压缩,一直到重新定义环境中的变量。插件接口功能极其强大,可以用来处理各种各样的任务。

webpack.config.js

const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin'); // 通过 npm 安装
const webpack = require('webpack'); // 用于访问内置插件

const config = {
  module: {
    rules: [
      { test: /\.txt$/, use: 'raw-loader' }
    ]
  },
  plugins: [
    new webpack.optimize.UglifyJsPlugin(),
    new HtmlWebpackPlugin({template: './src/index.html'})
  ]
};

module.exports = config;

Mode

通过选择 development 或 production 之中的一个,来设置 mode 参数

webpack.config.js

module.exports = {
  mode: 'production'
};

mode.js

// webpack.development.config.js
module.exports = {
+ mode: 'development'
- plugins: [
-   new webpack.NamedModulesPlugin(),
-   new webpack.DefinePlugin({ "process.env.NODE_ENV": JSON.stringify("development") }),
- ]
}
// webpack.production.config.js
module.exports = {
+  mode: 'production',
-  plugins: [
-    new UglifyJsPlugin(/* ... */),
-    new webpack.DefinePlugin({ "process.env.NODE_ENV": JSON.stringify("production") }),
-    new webpack.optimize.ModuleConcatenationPlugin(),
-    new webpack.NoEmitOnErrorsPlugin()
-  ]
}

常用插件

HtmlWebpackPlugin:

Options

const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');

new HtmlWebpackPlugin({ template: 'src/index.html', minify: true, hash: true })

CleanWebpackPlugin:

const CleanWebpackPlugin = require('clean-webpack-plugin');

new CleanWebpackPlugin(['dist'])

MiniCssExtractPlugin(ExtractTextPlugin):

new MiniCssExtractPlugin({ filename: "[name].css",chunkFilename: "[id].css" })

module: {
    rules: [{
        test: /\.css$/,
        use: [
            MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader,
            'css-loader'
        ]}
    ]
}

SplitChunksPlugin:

module.exports = {
    mode: 'development',
    entry: {
        main: './src/index.js',
        vendors: 'lodash'
    },
    optimization: {
        splitChunks: {
            cacheGroups: {
                vendors: {
                    test: /[\\/]node_modules[\\/]/,
                    name: "vendors",
                    chunks: "initial"
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

配置示例

const CleanWebpackPlugin = require('clean-webpack-plugin');
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');
const MiniCssExtractPlugin = require("mini-css-extract-plugin");

const path = require('path');

module.exports = {
    mode: 'development',
    entry: {
        main: './src/index.js',
    },
    devtool: 'inline-source-map',
    devServer: {
        contentBase: './dist'
    },
    output: {
        path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist'),
        filename: '[name].js',
    },
    module: {
        rules: [{
            test: /\.css$/,
            use: [
                MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader,
                'css-loader'
            ]
        }, {
            test: /\.(js|jsx)$/,
            loader: 'babel-loader',
            options: {
                presets: ['react']
            },
            exclude: /node_modules/
        }]
    },
    plugins: [
        new CleanWebpackPlugin(['dist']),
        new HtmlWebpackPlugin({ template: 'src/index.html', minify: true, hash: true }),
        new MiniCssExtractPlugin({ filename: "[name].css", chunkFilename: "[id].css" })
    ],
    externals: {
        lodash: '_',
        react: 'React',
        'react-dom': 'ReactDOM'
    },
    optimization: {
        splitChunks: {
            cacheGroups: {
                common: {
                    test: /[\\/]node_modules[\\/]/,
                    name: "common",
                    chunks: "initial"
                }
            }
        }
    }
};