openCV学习笔记(十五) —— 人脸识别 —— 读取摄像头进行人脸图像采集和人脸识别
程序员文章站
2022-04-30 13:37:29
...
实现以下功能:
- 交互式对话框:请选择要执行的动作
- 人脸采集:打开摄像头,采集照片,保存训练模型
- 人脸识别:
- 打开摄像头,采集照片,预识别;
- 输入图像的路径,图像识别
- 输出结果:
- 找到匹配的对象,输出名字;
- 未找到匹配的对象,提示:人脸采集并保存训练模型
程序
/*
交互式对话框:请选择要执行的动作
1.人脸采集:
打开摄像头,采集照片,保存训练模型
2.人脸识别:
<1>打开摄像头,采集照片,预识别;
<2>输入图像的路径,图像识别
输出结果:
找到匹配的对象,输出名字;
未找到匹配的对象,提示:人脸采集并保存训练模型
*/
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <direct.h>
#include <io.h>
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui.hpp>
#include <opencv2/objdetect.hpp>
#include <opencv2/face.hpp>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
using namespace cv::face;
int face_image_save(string dir_name, string cascade_path);
int face_model_train_save(string cvs_path);
int face_recg(Mat image, string cascade_path);
//void read_cvs(const string& filename, vector<Mat>& img, vector<int>& lable, char separator = ';');
//void write_cvs(string& filename, string line, int label_number, char separator = ';');
string cascade_xml_path = "F:\\project\\vs2017\\openCV_test\\openCV_test\\cascade\\haarcascades\\haarcascade_frontalface_default.xml";
string face_image_path = "F:\\project\\vs2017\\openCV_test\\openCV_test\\face_recg\\face\\";
string cvs_path = "F:\\project\\vs2017\\openCV_test\\openCV_test\\face_recg\\face\\at.txt";
int label_number = 100;
#define MY_SIZE Size(92, 112)
int main()
{
while (true)
{
printf("\n<------------------ 欢迎使用人脸识别系统,请输入你的选择 ------------------>\n1 -- 人脸图像采集\n2 -- 人脸识别\n3 -- 退出系统\n");
int action = 0;
cin >> action;
if (action == 1)
{
printf("请输入你的名字:");
string name;
cin >> name;
string dir_name = face_image_path + name + "\\";
int ret = face_image_save(dir_name, cascade_xml_path);
if (ret == 0)
{
face_model_train_save(cvs_path);
}
}
else if (action == 2)
{
printf("\n\n请选择图片来源:\n1 -- 从指定目录选择图片\n2 -- 打开摄像头读取图片\n");
cin >> action;
Mat test_img;
switch (action)
{
case 1:
{
printf("请输入图片的完整路径\n");
string img_path;
while (true)
{
cin >> img_path;
if (_access(img_path.c_str(), 0) == -1)
{
printf("没有找到图片,请重新选择图片!!!\n");
}
else
{
test_img = imread(img_path.c_str());
break;
}
}
}
break;
case 2:
default:
{
printf("请对准摄像头,我们将读取照片...\n");
//打开摄像头
VideoCapture capture;
capture.open(0);
if (!capture.isOpened())
{
printf("Can't open camera...\n");
return -1;
}
capture.read(test_img);
capture.release();
}
break;
}
//人脸识别
face_recg(test_img, cascade_xml_path);
}
else
{
break;
}
}
return 0;
}
//使用CVS文件读取图片和标签
void read_cvs(const string& filename, vector<Mat>& img, vector<int>& lable, char separator = ';')
{
Mat tmp_img;
ifstream cvs_file(filename.c_str());
assert(cvs_file);
string line, path, tag;
while (getline(cvs_file, line))
{
stringstream lines(line);
getline(lines, path, separator);
getline(lines, tag);
if (!path.empty() && !tag.empty())
{
tmp_img = imread(path, IMREAD_GRAYSCALE); //读入图像时转成灰度图
assert(!tmp_img.empty());
img.push_back(tmp_img);
lable.push_back(atoi(tag.c_str()));
}
}
tmp_img.release();
}
void write_cvs(string& filename, string line, int label_number, char separator = ';')
{
ofstream cvs_file;
string str = line + separator + format("%d\n", label_number);
//printf("%s\n", str.c_str());
cvs_file.open(filename.c_str(), ios::app);
if (cvs_file.is_open())
{
cvs_file << str;
cvs_file.close();
}
}
int face_image_save(string dir_name, string cascade_path)
{
//printf("我们将保存你的图片到以下路径:%s\n", dir_name.c_str());
if (_access(dir_name.c_str(), 0) == -1)
{
//printf("不存在文件夹,我们将创建...\n");
_mkdir(dir_name.c_str());
}
else
{
printf("人脸图片已经保存在数据库,不需要重复读取\n");
return -1;
}
VideoCapture capture;
//打开笔记本摄像头
capture.open(0);
if (!capture.isOpened())
{
printf("can't open camera...\n");
return -1;
}
//加载分类器
CascadeClassifier cascade;
cascade.load(cascade_path);
if (cascade.empty())
{
printf("can't load classifier\n");
return -1;
}
Mat img, img_gray, faceROI;
vector<Rect> faces;
int count = 0;
string my_path, tmp_path;
while (true)
{
capture.read(img);
cvtColor(img, img_gray, CV_RGB2GRAY); //转化为灰度图
equalizeHist(img_gray, img_gray); //直方图均衡化
cascade.detectMultiScale(img_gray, faces, 1.1, 6, 0, Size(30, 30)); //人脸识别,获取faces矢量数据集
if (faces.size() > 0)
{
for (int i = 0; i < faces.size(); ++i)
{
faceROI = img_gray(faces[i]);//ROI部分为将要保存的图片,用img_gray获取灰度图部分,保存成灰度图;如果将img_gray改为img,就变成彩色图片了
resize(faceROI, faceROI, MY_SIZE); //调整ROI图片大小到指定大小
rectangle(img, faces[i], Scalar(0, 255, 0), 2, 8, 0);
imshow("view", img); //显示视频图像
imshow("ROI", faceROI); //显示ROI区域
tmp_path = format("%d.jpg", count++);
my_path = dir_name + tmp_path;
imwrite(my_path, faceROI); //保存采集到的图片到指定目录
write_cvs(cvs_path, my_path, label_number);
}
}
if (waitKey(30) == 27 || count == 20)
{
break;
}
}
//保存的标签值
label_number++;
capture.release();
destroyAllWindows();
return 0;
}
int face_model_train_save(string cvs_path)
{
printf("创建人脸识别的模型并进行训练,保存训练结果中(需要一些时间)...\n");
vector<Mat> faces;
vector<int> labels;
try
{
read_cvs(cvs_path, faces, labels);
}
catch (Exception &e)
{
cerr << "Error opening file, reason :" << e.msg << endl;
return -1;
}
if (faces.size() <= 1)
{
printf("Too few face images\n");
return -1;
}
/* 创建人脸识别的模型,并进行训练,之后保存训练结果*/
double start1, start2, start3;
double end1, end2, end3;
//PCA特征脸算法
start1 = (double)getTickCount();
Ptr<EigenFaceRecognizer> eigen_model = EigenFaceRecognizer::create();
eigen_model->train(faces, labels);
eigen_model->save("my_eigen_face_model.xml");
end1 = (getTickCount() - start1) / getTickFrequency();
//LDA线性判别分析
start2 = (double)getTickCount();
Ptr<FisherFaceRecognizer> fisher_model = FisherFaceRecognizer::create();
fisher_model->train(faces, labels);
fisher_model->save("my_fisher_face_model.xml");
end2 = (getTickCount() - start2) / getTickFrequency();
//LBP局部二值模式直方图
start3 = (double)getTickCount();
Ptr<LBPHFaceRecognizer> lbph_model = LBPHFaceRecognizer::create();
lbph_model->train(faces, labels);
lbph_model->save("my_lbph_face_model.xml");
end3 = (getTickCount() - start3) / getTickFrequency();
printf("PAC算法训练所用时间: %f s\n", end1);
printf("LDA算法训练所用时间: %f s\n", end2);
printf("LBP算法训练所用时间: %f s\n", end3);
printf("训练结束,保存成功!\n");
return 0;
}
int face_recg(Mat image, string cascade_path)
{
printf("人脸识别中...\n");
//显示读入的图片
imshow("origin", image);
waitKey(30);
//加载分类器
CascadeClassifier cascade;
cascade.load(cascade_path);
if (cascade.empty())
{
printf("can't load classifier\n");
return -1;
}
//读取人脸识别模型
double start1, start2, start3;
double end1, end2, end3;
start1 = (double)getTickCount();
Ptr<EigenFaceRecognizer> eigen_model = Algorithm::load<EigenFaceRecognizer>("my_eigen_face_model.xml"); //Eigen Faces算法
end1 = (getTickCount() - start1) / getTickFrequency();
start2 = (double)getTickCount();
Ptr<FisherFaceRecognizer> fisher_model = Algorithm::load<FisherFaceRecognizer>("my_fisher_face_model.xml");//Fisher Faces算法
end2 = (getTickCount() - start2) / getTickFrequency();
start3 = (double)getTickCount();
Ptr<LBPHFaceRecognizer> lbph_model = Algorithm::load<LBPHFaceRecognizer>("my_lbph_face_model.xml"); //LBP 算法
end3 = (getTickCount() - start3) / getTickFrequency();
printf("加载PAC算法训练模型所用时间: %f s\n", end1);
printf("加载LDA算法训练模型所用时间: %f s\n", end2);
printf("加载LBP算法训练模型所用时间: %f s\n", end3);
Mat faceROI, img_gray;
int p_label;
vector<Rect> faces;
cvtColor(image, img_gray, CV_RGB2GRAY); //转化为灰度图
equalizeHist(img_gray, img_gray); //直方图均衡化
cascade.detectMultiScale(img_gray, faces, 1.1, 6, 0, Size(30, 30)); //人脸识别,获取faces矢量数据集
//printf("size = %zd\n", faces.size());
if (faces.size() > 0)
{
for (int i = 0; i < faces.size(); ++i)
{
faceROI = img_gray(faces[i]);
resize(faceROI, faceROI, MY_SIZE); //调整成训练集一样的大小
rectangle(image, faces[i], Scalar(0, 255, 0), 2, 8, 0);
imshow("Origin", image);
p_label = eigen_model->predict(faceROI);
cout << "Eigen算法识别到的结果:" << p_label << endl;
p_label = fisher_model->predict(faceROI);
cout << "Fisher算法识别到的结果:" << p_label << endl;
p_label = lbph_model->predict(faceROI);
cout << "LBPH算法识别到的结果:" << p_label << endl;
imshow("result", faceROI);
}
}
destroyAllWindows();
return 0;
}
程序运行结果:
人脸图片采集
人脸识别-摄像头读取图片
从目录读取图片
从运行结果来看,LBPH算法最准确!
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