C# 实现俄罗斯方块（附源码）

概述

俄罗斯方块（tetris）是一款由俄罗斯人阿列克谢·帕基特诺夫发明的休闲游戏，帕基特诺夫爱玩拼图，从拼图游戏里得到灵感，设计出了俄罗斯方块。由于上手简单、老少皆宜，从而家喻户晓，风靡世界。本文简述如何通过c#来实现俄罗斯方块，仅供学习分享使用，如有不足之处，还请指正。

涉及知识点

backgroundworker 在单独的线程上执行操作（主要执行比较耗时的操作）。
action .netframework自带的一个委托方法。
tablelayoutpanel  表示一个面板，它可以在一个由行和列组成的网格中对其内容进行动态布局，本文主要用作俄罗斯方块的容器。

方块流程图

如下图所示，描述了俄罗斯方块的设计流程图

俄罗斯方块效果图

如下图所示：主要包括状态，得分，开始按钮，停止按钮，按键盘左右箭头移动等功能

核心代码

1. 定义方块的形状

如下所示：共7中形状

/// <summary>
 /// 俄罗斯方块的形状
 /// </summary>
 public enum tetrisstyle
 {
  s = 0,
  z = 1,
  l = 2,
  j = 3,
  i = 4,
  o = 5,
  t = 6
 }

2. 定义移动的方向

如下所示：默认向下移动，同时可以左右移动

/// <summary>
 /// 俄罗斯方块移动方向
 /// </summary>
 public enum tetrisdirection
 {
  up = 0,//上，表示顺时针旋转
  down = 1,//下，表示向下移动
  left = 2,//左，表示往左移动
  right = 3, //表示向右移动
  default=4 //默认动作
 }

3. 俄罗斯方块元素
如下所示，每一种形状都由四个方块组成，根据不同形状设置不同的位置

 /// <summary>
  /// 俄罗斯方块元素
  /// </summary>
  public class tetriselement
  {
   /// <summary>
   /// 构造函数
   /// </summary>
   /// <param name="style"></param>
   public tetriselement(tetrisstyle style) {
    this.style = style;
   }
 
   /// <summary>
   /// 构造函数
   /// </summary>
   /// <param name="style">形状</param>
   /// <param name="content">内容</param>
   /// <param name="location">位置</param>
   public tetriselement(tetrisstyle style, point[] content, point location)
   {
    this.style = style;
    this.content = content;
    this.location = location;
   }
 
   /// <summary>
   /// 元素字母类型
   /// </summary>
   public tetrisstyle style { get; set; }
 
   /// <summary>
   /// 内容
   /// </summary>
   public point[] content { get; set; }
 
   /// <summary>
   /// 元素位置
   /// </summary>
   public point location { get; set; }
 
   /// <summary>
   /// 位置改变
   /// </summary>
   /// <param name="x"></param>
   /// <param name="y"></param>
   public void move(int x, int y)
   {
    this.location = new point(x, y);
   }
 
   public point[] getcontent(tetrisstyle style)
   {
    //内容由四个点组成，顺序：先上后下，先左后右
    point[] content = new point[4];
    switch (style)
    {
     case tetrisstyle.i:
      //i形状
      content[0] = new point(0, 0);
      content[1] = new point(0, 1);
      content[2] = new point(0, 2);
      content[3] = new point(0, 3);
      break;
     case tetrisstyle.j:
      //j形状
      content[0] = new point(1, 0);
      content[1] = new point(1, 1);
      content[2] = new point(1, 2);
      content[3] = new point(0, 2);
      break;
     case tetrisstyle.l:
      //l形状
      content[0] = new point(0, 0);
      content[1] = new point(0, 1);
      content[2] = new point(0, 2);
      content[3] = new point(1, 2);
      break;
     case tetrisstyle.o:
      //o形状
      content[0] = new point(0, 0);
     content[1] = new point(1, 0);
      content[2] = new point(0, 1);
     content[3] = new point(1, 1);
     break;
    case tetrisstyle.s:
     //s形状
     content[0] = new point(2, 0);
     content[1] = new point(1, 0);
      content[2] = new point(1, 1);
     content[3] = new point(0, 1);
      break;
    case tetrisstyle.t:
     //t形状
     content[0] = new point(0, 0);
      content[1] = new point(1, 0);
      content[2] = new point(2, 0);
     content[3] = new point(1, 1);
     break;
    case tetrisstyle.z:
     //z形状
      content[0] = new point(0, 0);
     content[1] = new point(1, 0);
      content[2] = new point(1, 1);
      content[3] = new point(2, 1);
      break;
     default:
      //默认i
      content[0] = new point(0, 0);
      content[1] = new point(0, 1);
      content[2] = new point(0, 2);
      content[3] = new point(0, 3);
      break;
    }
    return content;
   }
  }

4. 容器类
如下所示：容器类主要是移动方块元素，并更新页面上的值

/// <summary>
 /// 俄罗斯方块容器
 /// </summary>
 public class tetriscontainer
 {
  private int[,] tetris = new int[10, 20];//定义二维数组，表示坐标信息，默认值为0

  public action<point,point[],tetrisdirection> onpartialchanged;//局部变更事件

  public action<int[,]> onfullchanged;//元素全变更事件，即有整行被清除事件

  public action oncompleted; //结束事件

  public int scorce = 0;

  /// <summary>
  /// 状态发生改变
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="element"></param>
  /// <param name="direction"></param>
  /// <returns></returns>
  public tetriselement change(tetriselement element, tetrisdirection direction)
  {
   tetriselement tmp=null;
   //判断不同的方向
   switch (direction) {
    case tetrisdirection.default:
     //如果可以向下移动
     if (checkdefault(element))
     {
      //向下移动一个元素
      element.move(element.location.x, element.location.y + 1);
      tmp = element;
     }
     else {
      //如果不可以向下移动，则更新容器
      updatetetris(element);
      tmp = null;
     }

     break;
    case tetrisdirection.down:
     break;
    case tetrisdirection.up:
     break;
    case tetrisdirection.left:
     if (checkleft(element)){
      //判断是否可以向左移动
      //向下移动一个元素
      element.move(element.location.x-1, element.location.y);
      tmp = element;
     }
     break;
    case tetrisdirection.right:
     if (checkright(element))
     {
      //判断是否可以右左移动
      //向下移动一个元素
      element.move(element.location.x+1, element.location.y);
      tmp = element;
     }
     break;
   }

   //局部变更
   if (onpartialchanged != null)
   {
    point location = element.location;
    point[] content = new point[4];
    element.content.copyto(content, 0);

    for (int i = 0; i < content.length; i++)
    {
     content[i].x = location.x + content[i].x;
     content[i].y = location.y + content[i].y;
    }
    onpartialchanged(location,content,direction);
   }

   //判断游戏是否结束
   if (oncompleted != null) {
    if (checkcomplete()) {
     oncompleted();
    }
   }

   //全部变更
   if (onfullchanged != null)
   {
    //判断是是否有权为1的行，如果有则消掉
    int[] rows = checkalltetris();
    if (rows.length>0)
    {
     updatealltetris(rows);//消掉行
     onfullchanged(tetris);
    }
   }

   return tmp;
  }

  /// <summary>
  /// 更新tetris
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="element"></param>
  private void updatetetris(tetriselement element)
  {
   point location = element.location;
   point[] content = element.content;
   int minx = element.getminx(element.style);
   int maxx = element.getmaxx(element.style);
   int miny = element.getminy(element.style);
   int maxy = element.getmaxy(element.style);
   foreach (point p in content)
   {
    if (location.y + p.y < 20 && location.y + p.y >= 0 && location.x + p.x >= 0 && location.x + p.x < 10)
    {
     this.tetris[location.x + p.x, location.y + p.y] = 1;
    }
   }
  }

  /// <summary>
  /// 检查全部列
  /// </summary>
  private int[] checkalltetris()
  {
   list<int> lst = new list<int>();
   //20行
   for (int y = 0; y < 20; y++)
   {
    int col = 0;
    //10列
    for (int x = 0; x < 10; x++)
    {
     if (tetris[x, y] == 0)
     {
      break;
     }
     else
     {
      col += 1;
     }
    }
    if (col == 10)
    {
     col = 0;
     lst.add(y);
    }
   }
   return lst.toarray();
  }

  /// <summary>
  /// 更新
  /// </summary>
  private void updatealltetris(int[] rows) {
   foreach (int row in rows) {
    //当前行清掉
    for (int x = 0; x < 10; x++) {
     tetris[x, row] = 0;
    }
    //row行之上的往下移动一行
    for (int y = row-1; y >=0; y--) {
     for (int x = 0; x < 10; x++) {
      if (tetris[x, y] == 1) {
       tetris[x, y + 1] = 1;
       tetris[x, y] = 0;
      }
     }
    }
   }
  }

  /// <summary>
  /// 判断游戏是否结束
  /// </summary>
  /// <returns></returns>
  private bool checkcomplete() {
   bool iscomplete = false;
   for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
    if (tetris[i, 0] == 1) {
     iscomplete = true;
     break;
    }
   }
   return iscomplete;
  }

  /// <summary>
  /// 更新得分
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="s"></param>
  public void updatescore(int s) {
   this.scorce = this.scorce + s;
  }

  /// <summary>
  /// 重置信息
  /// </summary>
  public void reset() {
   this.tetris = new int[10, 20];
   this.scorce = 0;
  }
 }

5. 随机生成方块元素和起始位置

/// <summary>
  /// 静态函数，生成tetris元素对象
  /// </summary>
  /// <returns></returns>
  public static tetriselement generate()
  {
   random r = new random(0);
   //随机生成形状
   int tstyle = getrandom();
   tstyle = tstyle % 7;
   tetrisstyle style = tetrisstyle.i;
   style = (tetrisstyle)enum.parse(typeof(tetrisstyle), tstyle.tostring());
   //随机生成起始坐标
   int x = getrandom();
   x = x % 10;
   int y = 0;
   //根据形状生成位置信息
   tetriselement element = new tetriselement(style);
   //内容由四个点组成，顺序：先上后下，先左后右
   point[] content = element.getcontent(style);
   //获取最小坐标和最大坐标，防止越界
   int minx = element.getminx(style);
   int miny = element.getminy(style);
   int maxx = element.getmaxx(style);
   int maxy = element.getmaxy(style);
   //修正起始坐标
   x = (x <= minx) ? minx : x;
   x = (x >= maxx) ? maxx : x;
   y = miny;
   point location = new point(x, y);
   element.location = location;
   element.content = content;
   return element;
  }

备注

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