Ruby的25个编程细节（技巧、实用代码段）

1.try 永远不会抛出异常 在 没有的时候 返回 nil

province_id = province.find_by_name(prov).try(:id) 

2.find(:first, :condotions) 方法 不言而与

mobile_info = mobileinfo.find(:first, :conditions => ["mobile_num = ? ", mobile_num.to_i]) 

3.find(:all, :select, :conditions)

support_amount_a = provincemerchantchangevalue.find(:all, :select => "distinct change_value_id", 
                        :conditions => ["status = 1 and merchant_id = ? and province_id =? and channel_id in (select id from channels where status = 1)", 
                        merchant_id, province_id]).map { |cv| cv.change_value_id }.compact 
 
support_amount_s = changevalue.find(:all,:select => "price" ,:conditions => ["id in (?)", support_amount_a]) \ 
                                  .map { |cv| cv.try(:price).to_i }.compact 

4.发送post请求 可以在shell中执行 

curl -d "channel=中信异度支付&action_type=娱人节-手机充值&user_indicate=13911731997&original_amount=10000" http://xx.xxx.xxx:3000/search.json 

5.ruby 中纯数据结构 ( struct 与 openstruct )

讲一下它俩之间的区别:

struct 需要开头明确声明字段; 而 openstruct 人如其名, 随时可以添加属性
struct 性能优秀; 而 openstruct 差点, 具体的性能差距可看这里:http://*.com/questions/1177594/ruby-struct-vs-openstruct
struct 是 ruby 解释器内置, 用 c 实现; openstruct 是 ruby 标准库, ruby 实现
api 不同: struct api 与 openstruct

6. mime::type.register

mime::type.register "application/json", :ejson 
config/initializers/mime_types.rb

7.config/initializers/secure_problem_solved.rb

activesupport::coreextensions::hash::conversions::xml_parsing.delete('symbol') 
activesupport::coreextensions::hash::conversions::xml_parsing.delete('yaml') 

8.config/initializers/new_rails_default.rb

if defined?(activerecord)
  # include active record class name as root for json serialized output.
  activerecord::base.include_root_in_json = true

  # store the full class name (including module namespace) in sti type column.
  activerecord::base.store_full_sti_class = true
end

actioncontroller::routing.generate_best_match = false

# use iso 8601 format for json serialized times and dates.
activesupport.use_standard_json_time_format = true

# don't escape html entities in json, leave that for the #json_escape helper.
# if you're including raw json in an html page.
activesupport.escape_html_entities_in_json = false

9.memcachestore 缓存

@_cache = activesupport::cache::memcachestore.new(
                      config['host'], { :namespace => "#{config['namespace']}::#{@name}" }
                      )

localhost::callback_lock

@_cache.write(pay_channel.channel_id,'true')
v = @_cache.read(pay_channel.channel_id)
if v.nil? || v != 'true'
      return false
    else
      return true
    end
end

10.联合索引

gem 'composite_primary_keys', '6.0.1'

https://github.com/momoplan

0.hash assert_valid_keys 白名单

11.puma -c puma_service_qa.rb

12.pow

13. time

start_time = start_time.to_s.to_datetime.at_beginning_of_day
end_time = end_time.to_s.to_datetime.end_of_day

14.merchant.instance_of? mplusmerchant

m_order[:merchant_id] = (merchant.instance_of? mplusmerchant) ? merchant.id : merchant 

15.will_paginate rails

安装之后需要修改config/environment.rb文件
在文件的最后添加：

require 'will_paginate'
修改controller文件中的index方法：
#    @products = product.find(:all)
    @products = product.paginate  :page => params[:page],
                                  :per_page => 2
  .pagination
    = will_paginate @mplus_orders, :class => 'digg_pagination'

最好有个include

16. # excel generator

gem 'spreadsheet', '~> 0.7.3'
 province = %w{ 安徽  北京  福建  甘肃  广东  广西  贵州  海南  河北  河南  黑龙江 湖北
      湖南  吉林  江苏  江西  辽宁  内蒙古 宁夏  青海  山东  山西  陕西  上海
      四川  天津  *   *  云南  浙江  重庆 }

  month = 1.upto(12).to_a

  def self.total_to_xls(year = '2012', opts = {})
    book = spreadsheet::workbook.new
    sheet1 = book.create_worksheet
    months = month
    months = opts[:month].to_s.split(/,/) if opts[:month]

    fixed_row = months.collect{ |m| m.to_s + '月' }.insert(0, '')

    sheet1.row(0).concat(fixed_row)
    row1 = ['']
    (months.size - 1).times { row1 << ['用户数', '金额', '订单数'] }

    sheet1.row(1).concat(row1.flatten!)
    row = 2

    sheet1.row(row).insert(0, '全国')

    months.each_with_index do |m, i|
      sheet1.row(row).insert(i*3 + 1, self.monthly_users_count(m))
      sheet1.row(row).insert(i*3 + 2, self.monthly_amount(m))
      sheet1.row(row).insert(i*3 + 3, self.monthly_orders_count(m))    
    end

    province.each do |province|
      row += 1
      sheet1.row(row).insert(0, province)
      months.each_with_index do |m, i|
        sheet1.row(row).insert(i*3 + 1, self.monthly_users_count_by_province(m, province))
        sheet1.row(row).insert(i*3 + 2, self.monthly_amount_by_province(m, province))
        sheet1.row(row).insert(i*3 + 3, self.monthly_orders_count_by_province(m, province))
      end  
    end

    path = "tmp/phone_recharge.xls"
    book.write path
    path
  end

17. inject({})

selected_conditions = base_conditions.inject({}) do |hash, data|
      hash[data.first] = data.last unless data.last.blank?
      hash
    end

18.time_str.instance_of?

return time_str if time_str.instance_of? time

19.person.instance_eval

person.instance_eval do
    def species
      "homo sapien"
    end
  end

20.class_eval

class foo
  end
  metaclass = (class << foo; self; end)
  metaclass.class_eval do
      def species
        "homo sapien"
      end
    end
  end

21.ruby中 respond_to? 和 send 的用法
http://galeki.is-programmer.com/posts/183.html
因为obj对象没法响应talk这个消息，如果使用 respond_to? 这个方法，就可以实现判断对象能否响应给定的消息了

obj = object.new
if obj.respond_to?("talk")
   obj.talk
else
   puts "sorry, object can't talk!"
end
 
request = gets.chomp
 
if book.respond_to?(request)
  puts book.send(request)
else
  puts "input error"
end

22.method_missing，一个 ruby 程序员的梦中情人

    def method_missing(method, *args)
      if method.to_s =~ /(.*)_with_cent$/
        attr_name = $1
        if self.respond_to?(attr_name)
          '%.2f' % (self.send(attr_name).to_f / 100.00)
        else
          super
        end
      end
    end

23.chomp

chomp方法是移除字符串尾部的分离符,例如\n,\r等...而gets默认的分离符是\n

24. hash.each_pair{|k,v|} & send()

if bank_order.present?
          data_hash.each_pair { |k, v| bank_order.send("#{k}=", v) }
        else
          bank_order = bankorder.new data_hash
        end

25.config.middleware 通过 rake -t 可以查看， 在config/ - 去除不必的 middleware

26.1.day.ago.strftime('%y%m%d')