python3爬虫-使用requests爬取起点小说

import requests
from lxml import etree
from urllib import parse
import os, time


def get_page_html(url):
    '''向url发送请求'''
    resoponse = session.get(url, headers=headers, timeout=timeout)
    try:
        if resoponse.status_code == 200:
            return resoponse
    except exception:
        return none


def get_next_url(resoponse):
    '''获取下一页的url链接'''
    if resoponse:
        try:
            selector = etree.html(resoponse.text)
            url = selector.xpath("//a[@id='j_chapternext']/@href")[0]
            next_url = parse.urljoin(resoponse.url, url)
            return next_url
        except indexerror:
            return none


def xs_content(resoponse):
    '''获取小说的章节名，内容'''
    if resoponse:
        selector = etree.html(resoponse.text)
        title = selector.xpath("//h3[@class='j_chaptername']/text()")[0]
        content_xpath = selector.xpath(
            "//div[contains(@class,'read-content') and contains(@class,'j_readcontent')]//p/text()")
        return title, content_xpath


def write_to_txt(info_tuple: tuple):
    if not info_tuple: return
    path = os.path.join(base_path, info_tuple[0])
    if not os.path.exists(path):
        with open(path + ".txt", "wt", encoding="utf-8") as f:
            for line in info_tuple[1]:
                f.write(line + "\n")
            f.flush()


def run(url):
    '''启动'''
    html = get_page_html(url)
    next_url = get_next_url(html)
    info_tupe = xs_content(html)
    if next_url and info_tupe:
        print("正在写入")
        write_to_txt(info_tupe)
        time.sleep(sleep_time)  # 延迟发送请求的时间，减少对服务器的压力。
        print("正在爬取%s" % info_tupe[0])
        print("正在爬取%s" % next_url)
        run(next_url)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    session = requests.session()
    sleep_time = 5
    timeout = 5
    base_path = r"d:\图片\lszj"  # 存放文件的目录
    url = "https://read.qidian.com/chapter/8iw8dkb_ztxrzk4x-cujuw2/fwjwroiobhn4p8iew--ppw2"  # 这是斗破苍穹第一章的url    需要爬取的小说的第一章的链接(url)
    headers = {
        "referer": "read.qidian.com",
        "user-agent": "mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 10.0; wow64) applewebkit/537.36 (khtml, like gecko) chrome/72.0.3626.121 safari/537.36"
    }
    print('开始运行爬虫')
    run(url)