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python 爬取国内小说网站

程序员文章站 2022-03-06 10:57:50
原理先行作为一个资深的小说爱好者,国内很多小说网站如出一辙,什么 ????*阁啊等等,大都是 get 请求返回 html 内容,而且会有标志性的
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原理先行

作为一个资深的小说爱好者,国内很多小说网站如出一辙,什么 ????*阁啊等等,大都是 get 请求返回 html 内容,而且会有标志性的<dl><dd>等标签。
所以大概的原理,就是先 get 请求这个网站,然后对获取的内容进行清洗,写进文本里面,变成一个 txt,导入手机,方便看小说。

实践篇

之前踩过一个坑,一开始我看了几页小说,大概小说的内容网站是https://www.xxx.com/小说编号/章节编号.html,一开始看前几章,我发现章节编号是连续的, 于是我一开始想的就是记住起始章节编号,然后在循环的时候章节编号自增就行,后面发现草率了,可能看个 100 章之后,章节列表会出现断层现象,这个具体为啥 还真不知道,按理说小说编号固定,可以算是一个数据表,那里面的章节编号不就是一个自增 id 就完了嘛?有懂王可以科普一下!
所以这里要先获取小说的目录列表,并把目录列表洗成一个数组方便我们后期查找!getlist.py文件:

定义一个请求书签的方法

# 请求书签地址
def req():
    url = "https://www.24kwx.com/book/4/4020/"
    strhtml = requests.get(url)
    return strhtml.text

将获取到的内容提取出(id:唯一值/或第 x 章小说)(name:小说的章节名称)(key:小说的章节 id)

# 定义一个章节对象
class xs(object):
    def __init__(self,id,key,name):
        self._id = id
        self._key = key
        self._name = name

    @property
    def id(self):
        self._id
    @property
    def key(self):
        self._key
    @property
    def name(self):
        self._name

    def getstring(self):
        return 'id:%s,name:%s,key:%s' %(self._id,self._name,self._key)

# 转换成书列表
def trancelist():
    key = 0
    name = ""
    xslist = []
    idrule = r'/4020/(.+?).html'
    keyrule = r'第(.+?)章'
    html = req()
    html = re.split("</dt>",html)[2]
    html = re.split("</dl>",html)[0]
    htmllist = re.split("</dd>",html)
    for i in htmllist:
        i = i.strip()
        if(i):
            # 获取id
            id = re.findall(idrule,i)[0]
            lskeylist = re.findall(keyrule,i)
            # 如果有章节
            if len(lskeylist) > 0 :
                key = int(lskeylist[0])
                lsname = re.findall(r'章(.+?)</a>',i)
            else :
                key = key + 1
            # 获取名字
            # lsname = re.findall(r'.html">(.+?)</a>',i)[0]
            # name = re.sub(',',' ', lsname, flags=re.ignorecase)
            name = re.findall(r'.html">(.+?)</a>',i)[0]
            xsobj = xs(id,key,name)
            xslist.append(xsobj.getstring())
    writelist(xslist)

注意一下我:如果你从别的语言转 py,第一次写object对象可能会比较懵,没错因为他的object是一个class,这里我创建的对象就是{id,key,name}但是你写入 txt 的时候还是要getstring,所以后面想想我直接写个{id:xxx,name:xxx,key:xxx}的字符串不就完了,还弄啥class,后面还是想想给兄弟盟留点看点,就留着了

最后写入 txt 文件

# 写入到文本
def writelist(list):
    f = open("xslist.txt",'w',encoding='utf-8')
    # 这里不能写list,要先转字符串 typeerror: write() argument must be str, not list
    f.write('\n'.join(list))
    print('写入成功')

# 大概写完的txt是这样的
id:3798160,name:第1章 孙子,我是你爷爷,key:1
id:3798161,name:第2章 孙子,等等我!,key:2
id:3798162,name:第3章 天上掉下个亲爷爷,key:3
id:3798163,name:第4章 超级大客户,key:4
id:3798164,name:第5章 一张退婚证明,key:5

ok ! last one
这里已经写好了小说的目录,那我们就要读取小说的内容,同理

先写个请求

# 请求内容地址
def req(id):
    url = "https://www.24kwx.com/book/4/4020/"+id+".html"
    strhtml = requests.get(url)
    return strhtml.text

读取我们刚刚保存的目录

def getlist():
    f = open("xslist.txt",'r', encoding='utf-8')
    # 这里按行读取,读取完后line是个数组
    line = f.readlines()
    f.close()
    return line

定义好一个清洗数据的规则

contextrule = r'<div class="content">(.+?)<script>downbyjs();</script>'
titlerule = r'<h1>(.+?)</h1>'
def getcontext(objstr):
    xsobj = re.split(",",objstr)
    id = re.split("id:",xsobj[0])[1]
    name = re.split("name:",xsobj[1])[1]
    html = req(id)
    lstitle = re.findall(titlerule,html)
    title = lstitle[0] if len(lstitle) > 0 else name
    context = re.split('<div id="content" class="showtxt">',html)[1]
    context = re.split('</div>',context)[0]
    context = re.sub('&nbsp;|\r|\n','',context)
    textlist = re.split('<br />',context)
    textlist.insert(0,title)
    for item in textlist :
        writetxt(item)
    print('%s--写入成功'%(title))

再写入文件

def writetxt(txt):
    if txt :
        f = open("nr.txt",'a',encoding="utf-8")
        f.write(txt+'\n')

最后当然是串联起来啦

def gettxt():
    # 默认参数配置
    startnum = 1261 # 起始章节
    endnum = 1300 # 结束章节
    # 开始主程序
    f = open("nr.txt",'w',encoding='utf-8')
    f.write("")
    if endnum < startnum:
        print('结束条数必须大于开始条数')
        return
    alllist = getlist()
    needlist = alllist[startnum-1:endnum]
    for item in needlist:
        getcontext(item)
        time.sleep(0.2)
    print("全部爬取完成")

完整代码

getlist.py

import requests
import re

# 请求书签地址
def req():
    url = "https://www.24kwx.com/book/4/4020/"
    strhtml = requests.get(url)
    return strhtml.text

# 定义一个章节对象
class xs(object):
    def __init__(self,id,key,name):
        self._id = id
        self._key = key
        self._name = name

    @property
    def id(self):
        self._id
    @property
    def key(self):
        self._key
    @property
    def name(self):
        self._name

    def getstring(self):
        return 'id:%s,name:%s,key:%s' %(self._id,self._name,self._key)

# 转换成书列表
def trancelist():
    key = 0
    name = ""
    xslist = []
    idrule = r'/4020/(.+?).html'
    keyrule = r'第(.+?)章'
    html = req()
    html = re.split("</dt>",html)[2]
    html = re.split("</dl>",html)[0]
    htmllist = re.split("</dd>",html)
    for i in htmllist:
        i = i.strip()
        if(i):
            # 获取id
            id = re.findall(idrule,i)[0]
            lskeylist = re.findall(keyrule,i)
            # 如果有章节
            if len(lskeylist) > 0 :
                key = int(lskeylist[0])
                lsname = re.findall(r'章(.+?)</a>',i)
            else :
                key = key + 1
            # 获取名字
            # lsname = re.findall(r'.html">(.+?)</a>',i)[0]
            # name = re.sub(',',' ', lsname, flags=re.ignorecase)
            name = re.findall(r'.html">(.+?)</a>',i)[0]
            xsobj = xs(id,key,name)
            xslist.append(xsobj.getstring())
    writelist(xslist)

# 写入到文本
def writelist(list):
    f = open("xslist.txt",'w',encoding='utf-8')
    # 这里不能写list,要先转字符串 typeerror: write() argument must be str, not list
    f.write('\n'.join(list))
    print('写入成功')


def main():
    trancelist()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main() 

writetxt.py

import requests
import re
import time


# 请求内容地址
def req(id):
    url = "https://www.24kwx.com/book/4/4020/"+id+".html"
    strhtml = requests.get(url)
    return strhtml.text

def getlist():
    f = open("xslist.txt",'r', encoding='utf-8')
    # 这里按行读取
    line = f.readlines()
    f.close()
    return line

contextrule = r'<div class="content">(.+?)<script>downbyjs();</script>'
titlerule = r'<h1>(.+?)</h1>'
def getcontext(objstr):
    xsobj = re.split(",",objstr)
    id = re.split("id:",xsobj[0])[1]
    name = re.split("name:",xsobj[1])[1]
    html = req(id)
    lstitle = re.findall(titlerule,html)
    title = lstitle[0] if len(lstitle) > 0 else name
    context = re.split('<div id="content" class="showtxt">',html)[1]
    context = re.split('</div>',context)[0]
    context = re.sub('&nbsp;|\r|\n','',context)
    textlist = re.split('<br />',context)
    textlist.insert(0,title)
    for item in textlist :
        writetxt(item)
    print('%s--写入成功'%(title))

def writetxt(txt):
    if txt :
        f = open("nr.txt",'a',encoding="utf-8")
        f.write(txt+'\n')

def gettxt():
    # 默认参数配置
    startnum = 1261 # 起始章节
    endnum = 1300 # 结束章节
    # 开始主程序
    f = open("nr.txt",'w',encoding='utf-8')
    f.write("")
    if endnum < startnum:
        print('结束条数必须大于开始条数')
        return
    alllist = getlist()
    needlist = alllist[startnum-1:endnum]
    for item in needlist:
        getcontext(item)
        time.sleep(0.2)
    print("全部爬取完成")

    
def main():
    gettxt()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

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