用Python获取Linux资源信息的三种方法

方法一：psutil模块
psutil

#!usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import socket
import psutil
class noderesource(object):
    def get_host_info(self):
        host_name = socket.gethostname()
        return {'host_name':host_name}

    def get_cpu_state(self):
        cpu_count = psutil.cpu_count(logical=false)
        cpu_percent =(str)(psutil.cpu_percent(1))+'%'
        return {'cpu_count':cpu_count,'cpu_percent':cpu_percent}

    def get_memory_state(self):
        mem = psutil.virtual_memory()
        mem_total = mem.total / 1024 / 1024
        mem_free = mem.available /1024/1024
        mem_percent = '%s%%'%mem.percent
        return {'mem_toal':mem_total,'mem_free':mem_free,'mem_percent':mem_percent}

    def get_disk_state(self):
        disk_stat = psutil.disk_usage('/')
        disk_total = disk_stat.total
        disk_free = disk_stat.free
        disk_percent = '%s%%'%disk_stat.percent
        return {'mem_toal': disk_total, 'mem_free': disk_free, 'mem_percent': disk_percent}

方法二：、proc
proc

#!usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import time
import os
from multiprocessing import cpu_count

class noderesource(object):


    def usage_percent(self,use, total):
        # 返回百分占比
        try:
            ret = int(float(use)/ total * 100)
        except zerodivisionerror:
            raise exception("error - zero division error")
        return '%s%%'%ret

    @property
    def cpu_stat(self,interval = 1):

        cpu_num = cpu_count()
        with open("/proc/stat", "r") as f:
            line = f.readline()
            spl = line.split(" ")
            worktime_1 = sum([int(i) for i in spl[2:]])
            idletime_1 = int(spl[5])
        time.sleep(interval)
        with open("/proc/stat", "r") as f:
            line = f.readline()
            spl = line.split(" ")
            worktime_2 = sum([int(i) for i in spl[2:]])
            idletime_2 = int(spl[5])

        dworktime = (worktime_2 - worktime_1)
        didletime = (idletime_2 - idletime_1)
        cpu_percent = self.usage_percent(dworktime - didletime,didletime)
        return {'cpu_count':cpu_num,'cpu_percent':cpu_percent}

    @property
    def disk_stat(self):
        hd = {}
        disk = os.statvfs("/")
        hd['available'] = disk.f_bsize * disk.f_bfree
        hd['capacity'] = disk.f_bsize * disk.f_blocks
        hd['used'] =  hd['capacity'] - hd['available']
        hd['used_percent'] = self.usage_percent(hd['used'], hd['capacity'])
        return hd

    @property
    def memory_stat(self):
        mem = {}
        with open("/proc/meminfo") as f:
            for line in f:
                line = line.strip()
                if len(line) < 2: continue
                name = line.split(':')[0]
                var = line.split(':')[1].split()[0]
                mem[name] = long(var) * 1024.0
            mem['memused'] = mem['memtotal'] - mem['memfree'] - mem['buffers'] - mem['cached']
        mem['used_percent'] = self.usage_percent(mem['memused'],mem['memtotal'])
        return {'memused':mem['memused'],'memtotal':mem['memtotal'],'used_percent':mem['used_percent']}


nr = noderesource()

print nr.cpu_stat
print '=================='
print nr.disk_stat
print '=================='
print nr.memory_stat

方法三：subprocess
pipe,poen

from subprocess import popen, pipe
import os,sys

''' 获取 ifconfig 命令的输出 '''
def getifconfig():
    p = popen(['ifconfig'], stdout = pipe)
    data = p.stdout.read()
    return data

''' 获取 dmidecode 命令的输出 '''
def getdmi():
    p = popen(['dmidecode'], stdout = pipe)
    data = p.stdout.read()
    return data

''' 根据空行分段落 返回段落列表'''
def parsedata(data):
    parsed_data = []
    new_line = ''
    data = [i for i in data.split('\n') if i]
    for line in data:
        if line[0].strip():
            parsed_data.append(new_line)
            new_line = line + '\n'
        else:
            new_line += line + '\n'
    parsed_data.append(new_line)
    return [i for i in parsed_data if i]

''' 根据输入的段落数据分析出ifconfig的每个网卡ip信息 '''
def parseifconfig(parsed_data):
    dic = {}
    parsed_data = [i for i in parsed_data if not i.startswith('lo')]
    for lines in parsed_data:
        line_list = lines.split('\n')
        devname = line_list[0].split()[0]
        macaddr = line_list[0].split()[-1]
        ipaddr  = line_list[1].split()[1].split(':')[1]
        break
    dic['ip'] = ipaddr
    return dic

''' 根据输入的dmi段落数据 分析出指定参数 '''
def parsedmi(parsed_data):
    dic = {}
    parsed_data = [i for i in parsed_data if i.startswith('system information')]
    parsed_data = [i for i in parsed_data[0].split('\n')[1:] if i]
    dmi_dic = dict([i.strip().split(':') for i in parsed_data])
    dic['vender'] = dmi_dic['manufacturer'].strip()
    dic['product'] = dmi_dic['product name'].strip()
    dic['sn'] = dmi_dic['serial number'].strip()
    return dic

''' 获取linux系统主机名称 '''
def gethostname():
    with open('/etc/sysconfig/network') as fd:
        for line in fd:
            if line.startswith('hostname'):
                hostname = line.split('=')[1].strip()
                break
    return {'hostname':hostname}

''' 获取linux系统的版本信息 '''
def getosversion():
    with open('/etc/issue') as fd:
        for line in fd:
            osver = line.strip()
            break
    return {'osver':osver}

''' 获取cpu的型号和cpu的核心数 '''
def getcpu():
    num = 0
    with open('/proc/cpuinfo') as fd:
        for line in fd:
            if line.startswith('processor'):
                num += 1
            if line.startswith('model name'):
                cpu_model = line.split(':')[1].strip().split()
                cpu_model = cpu_model[0] + ' ' + cpu_model[2]  + ' ' + cpu_model[-1]
    return {'cpu_num':num, 'cpu_model':cpu_model}

''' 获取linux系统的总物理内存 '''
def getmemory():
    with open('/proc/meminfo') as fd:
        for line in fd:
            if line.startswith('memtotal'):
                mem = int(line.split()[1].strip())
                break
    mem = '%.f' % (mem / 1024.0) + ' mb'
    return {'memory':mem}

if __name__ == '__main__':
    dic = {}
    data_ip = getifconfig()
    parsed_data_ip = parsedata(data_ip)
    ip = parseifconfig(parsed_data_ip)
    
    data_dmi = getdmi()
    parsed_data_dmi = parsedata(data_dmi)
    dmi = parsedmi(parsed_data_dmi)

    hostname = gethostname()
    osver = getosversion()
    cpu = getcpu()
    mem = getmemory()
    
    dic.update(ip)
    dic.update(dmi)
    dic.update(hostname)
    dic.update(osver)
    dic.update(cpu)
    dic.update(mem)

    ''' 将获取到的所有数据信息并按简单格式对齐显示 '''
    for k,v in dic.items():
        print '%-10s:%s' % (k, v)

top+popen

from subprocess import popen, pipe
import time

''' 获取 ifconfig 命令的输出 '''
# def getifconfig():
#     p = popen(['ipconfig'], stdout = pipe)
#     data = p.stdout.read()
#     data = data.decode('cp936').encode('utf-8')
#     return data
#
# print(getifconfig())

p = popen(['top -n 2 -d |grep cpu'],stdout= pipe,shell=true)
data = p.stdout.read()
info = data.split('\n')[1]
info_list =  info.split()
cpu_percent ='%s%%'%int(float(info_list[1])+float(info_list[3]))
print cpu_percent