Ubuntu20.04环境安装tensorflow2的方法步骤
一、tensorflow介绍
1、简介
tensorflow是一个基于数据流编程(dataflow programming)的符号数学系统,被广泛应用于各类机器学习(machine learning)算法的编程实现,其前身是谷歌的神经网络算法库distbelief 。tensorflow拥有多层级结构,可部署于各类服务器、pc终端和网页并支持gpu和tpu高性能数值计算,被广泛应用于谷歌内部的产品开发和各领域的科学研究 。tensorflow由谷歌人工智能团队谷歌大脑(google brain)开发和维护,拥有包括tensorflow hub、tensorflow lite、tensorflow research cloud在内的多个项目以及各类应用程序接口(application programming interface, api)。自2015年11月9日起,tensorflow依据阿帕奇授权协议(apache 2.0 open source license)开放源代码 。
2、tensorflow 支持的系统
以下 64 位系统上测试过 tensorflow 并且这些系统支持 tensorflow:
- python 3.5–3.8
- ubuntu 16.04 或更高版本
- windows 7 或更高版本(含 c++ 可再发行软件包)
- macos 10.12.6 (sierra) 或更高版本(不支持 gpu)
- raspbian 9.0 或更高版本
二、安装步骤
1、检查确认python版本
root@ubuntuvm:~# python3 -v python 3.8.5
2、安装venv模块
root@ubuntuvm:/home# apt install python3-venv python3-dev reading package lists… done building dependency tree reading state information… done the following additional packages will be installed: libc-dev-bin libc6 libc6-dbg libc6-dev libcrypt-dev libexpat1-dev libpython3-dev libpython3.8-dev linux-libc-dev manpages-dev python-pip-whl python3-distutils python3.8-dev python3.8-venv zlib1g zlib1g-dev suggested packages: glibc-doc the following new packages will be installed: libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcrypt-dev libexpat1-dev libpython3-dev libpython3.8-dev linux-libc-dev manpages-dev python-pip-whl python3-dev python3-distutils python3-venv python3.8-dev python3.8-venv zlib1g-dev the following packages will be upgraded: libc6 libc6-dbg zlib1g 3 upgraded, 15 newly installed, 0 to remove and 233 not upgraded. need to get 21.2 mb of archives. after this operation, 56.1 mb of additional disk space will be used. do you want to continue? [y/n] y
3、创建项目目录
bdsc@ubuntuvm:~$ mkdir mytensorflow bdsc@ubuntuvm:~$ cd mytensorflow/
4、创建虚拟环境
bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$ python3 -m venv tenf
5、激活虚拟环境
bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$ source tenf/bin/activate (tenf) bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$
6、升级pip
(tenf) bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$ pip3 -v pip 20.0.2 from /home/bdsc/mytensorflow/tenf/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip (python 3.8) (tenf) bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$ pip install --upgrade pip collecting pip downloading pip-21.0-py3-none-any.whl (1.5 mb) |████████████████████████████████| 1.5 mb 1.0 mb/s installing collected packages: pip attempting uninstall: pip found existing installation: pip 20.0.2 uninstalling pip-20.0.2: successfully uninstalled pip-20.0.2 successfully installed pip-21.0 (tenf) bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$ pip3 -v pip 21.0 from /home/bdsc/mytensorflow/tenf/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip (python 3.8)
7、安装tensorflow
(tenf) bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$ pip3 install tensorflow collecting tensorflow downloading tensorflow-2.4.1-cp38-cp38-manylinux2010_x86_64.whl (394.4 mb) |████████████████████████████████| 394.4 mb 4.9 kb/s collecting tensorflow-estimator<2.5.0,>=2.4.0 downloading tensorflow_estimator-2.4.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (462 kb) |████████████████████████████████| 462 kb 24 kb/s collecting astunparse~=1.6.3 downloading astunparse-1.6.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (12 kb) collecting protobuf>=3.9.2 downloading protobuf-3.14.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (1.0 mb) |████████████████████████████████| 1.0 mb 35 kb/s collecting gast==0.3.3 downloading gast-0.3.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (9.7 kb) collecting flatbuffers~=1.12.0 downloading flatbuffers-1.12-py2.py3-none-any.whl (15 kb) collecting absl-py~=0.10 downloading absl_py-0.11.0-py3-none-any.whl (127 kb) |████████████████████████████████| 127 kb 52 kb/s collecting wheel~=0.35 downloading wheel-0.36.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (35 kb) collecting termcolor~=1.1.0 downloading termcolor-1.1.0.tar.gz (3.9 kb) collecting wrapt~=1.12.1 downloading wrapt-1.12.1.tar.gz (27 kb) collecting grpcio~=1.32.0 downloading grpcio-1.32.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (3.8 mb) |████████████████████████████████| 3.8 mb 35 kb/s collecting six~=1.15.0 downloading six-1.15.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (10 kb) collecting typing-extensions~=3.7.4 downloading typing_extensions-3.7.4.3-py3-none-any.whl (22 kb) collecting tensorboard~=2.4 downloading tensorboard-2.4.1-py3-none-any.whl (10.6 mb) |████████████████████████████████| 10.6 mb 46 kb/s collecting keras-preprocessing~=1.1.2 downloading keras_preprocessing-1.1.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (42 kb) |████████████████████████████████| 42 kb 43 kb/s collecting h5py~=2.10.0 downloading h5py-2.10.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (2.9 mb) |████████████████████████████████| 2.9 mb 46 kb/s collecting opt-einsum~=3.3.0 downloading opt_einsum-3.3.0-py3-none-any.whl (65 kb) |████████████████████████████████| 65 kb 45 kb/s collecting google-pasta~=0.2 downloading google_pasta-0.2.0-py3-none-any.whl (57 kb) |████████████████████████████████| 57 kb 26 kb/s collecting numpy~=1.19.2 downloading numpy-1.19.5-cp38-cp38-manylinux2010_x86_64.whl (14.9 mb) |████████████████████████████████| 14.9 mb 65 kb/s collecting markdown>=2.6.8 downloading markdown-3.3.3-py3-none-any.whl (96 kb) |████████████████████████████████| 96 kb 66 kb/s collecting google-auth-oauthlib<0.5,>=0.4.1 downloading google_auth_oauthlib-0.4.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (18 kb) collecting werkzeug>=0.11.15 downloading werkzeug-1.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (298 kb) |████████████████████████████████| 298 kb 44 kb/s requirement already satisfied: setuptools>=41.0.0 in ./tenf/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from tensorboard~=2.4->tensorflow) (44.0.0) collecting tensorboard-plugin-wit>=1.6.0 downloading tensorboard_plugin_wit-1.8.0-py3-none-any.whl (781 kb) |████████████████████████████████| 781 kb 43 kb/s collecting requests<3,>=2.21.0 downloading requests-2.25.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (61 kb) |████████████████████████████████| 61 kb 57 kb/s collecting google-auth<2,>=1.6.3 downloading google_auth-1.24.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (114 kb) |████████████████████████████████| 114 kb 37 kb/s collecting rsa<5,>=3.1.4 downloading rsa-4.7-py3-none-any.whl (34 kb) collecting pyasn1-modules>=0.2.1 downloading pyasn1_modules-0.2.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl (155 kb) |████████████████████████████████| 155 kb 34 kb/s collecting cachetools<5.0,>=2.0.0 downloading cachetools-4.2.1-py3-none-any.whl (12 kb) collecting requests-oauthlib>=0.7.0 downloading requests_oauthlib-1.3.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (23 kb) collecting pyasn1<0.5.0,>=0.4.6 downloading pyasn1-0.4.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl (77 kb) |████████████████████████████████| 77 kb 42 kb/s collecting chardet<5,>=3.0.2 downloading chardet-4.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (178 kb) |████████████████████████████████| 178 kb 47 kb/s collecting idna<3,>=2.5 downloading idna-2.10-py2.py3-none-any.whl (58 kb) |████████████████████████████████| 58 kb 31 kb/s collecting urllib3<1.27,>=1.21.1 downloading urllib3-1.26.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (136 kb) |████████████████████████████████| 136 kb 33 kb/s collecting certifi>=2017.4.17 downloading certifi-2020.12.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl (147 kb) |████████████████████████████████| 147 kb 26 kb/s collecting oauthlib>=3.0.0 downloading oauthlib-3.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (147 kb) |████████████████████████████████| 147 kb 36 kb/s using legacy ‘setup.py install' for termcolor, since package ‘wheel' is not installed. using legacy ‘setup.py install' for wrapt, since package ‘wheel' is not installed. installing collected packages: urllib3, pyasn1, idna, chardet, certifi, six, rsa, requests, pyasn1-modules, oauthlib, cachetools, requests-oauthlib, google-auth, wheel, werkzeug, tensorboard-plugin-wit, protobuf, numpy, markdown, grpcio, google-auth-oauthlib, absl-py, wrapt, typing-extensions, termcolor, tensorflow-estimator, tensorboard, opt-einsum, keras-preprocessing, h5py, google-pasta, gast, flatbuffers, astunparse, tensorflow running setup.py install for wrapt … done running setup.py install for termcolor … done successfully installed absl-py-0.11.0 astunparse-1.6.3 cachetools-4.2.1 certifi-2020.12.5 chardet-4.0.0 flatbuffers-1.12 gast-0.3.3 google-auth-1.24.0 google-auth-oauthlib-0.4.2 google-pasta-0.2.0 grpcio-1.32.0 h5py-2.10.0 idna-2.10 keras-preprocessing-1.1.2 markdown-3.3.3 numpy-1.19.5 oauthlib-3.1.0 opt-einsum-3.3.0 protobuf-3.14.0 pyasn1-0.4.8 pyasn1-modules-0.2.8 requests-2.25.1 requests-oauthlib-1.3.0 rsa-4.7 six-1.15.0 tensorboard-2.4.1 tensorboard-plugin-wit-1.8.0 tensorflow-2.4.1 tensorflow-estimator-2.4.0 termcolor-1.1.0 typing-extensions-3.7.4.3 urllib3-1.26.2 werkzeug-1.0.1 wheel-0.36.2 wrapt-1.12.1
8、验证tensoflow2是否安装成功
1、查看安装模块及版本
(tenf) bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$ pip3 show tensorflow name: tensorflow version: 2.4.1 summary: tensorflow is an open source machine learning framework for everyone. home-page: https://www.tensorflow.org/ author: google inc. author-email: packages@tensorflow.org license: apache 2.0 location: /home/bdsc/mytensorflow/tenf/lib/python3.8/site-packages requires: typing-extensions, google-pasta, protobuf, wrapt, gast, tensorboard, opt-einsum, flatbuffers, numpy, wheel, astunparse, keras-preprocessing, six, termcolor, tensorflow-estimator, grpcio, absl-py, h5py required-by:
2、查看import tensorflow是否报错
3、使用tensorflow打印hello,tensorflow
(tenf) bdsc@ubuntuvm:~/mytensorflow$ python3 python 3.8.5 (default, jul 28 2020, 12:59:40) [gcc 9.3.0] on linux type “help”, “copyright”, “credits” or “license” for more information. >>> import os >>> os.environ[‘tf_cpp_min_log_level'] = ‘2' >>> import tensorflow as tf >>> tf.compat.v1.disable_eager_execution() >>> hello = tf.constant(‘hello, tensorflow!') >>> sess = tf.compat.v1.session() >>> print(sess.run(hello)) b'hello, tensorflow!'
三、faq
1、import tensorflow时报错无法加载动态库libcudart.so.11.0
解决方法:
在import tensorflow as tf语句前加上如下语句
import os os.environ[‘tf_cpp_min_log_level'] = ‘2' import tensorflow as tf
2、报错session属性找不到
原因:
报错attributeerror: module ‘tensorflow' has no attribute ‘session'。这其实不是安装错误,是因为在新的tensorflow 2.0版本中已经移除了session这一模块。
解决方法:
改换运行代码,tf.compat.v1.session()
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