python利用xpath爬取网上数据并存储到django模型中
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2022-04-26 14:10:04
帮朋友制作一个网站,需要一些产品数据信息,因为是代理其他公司产品,直接爬取代理公司产品数据1.设计数据库from django.db import modelsfrom uuslug import s...
帮朋友制作一个网站,需要一些产品数据信息,因为是代理其他公司产品,直接爬取代理公司产品数据
1.设计数据库
from django.db import models from uuslug import slugify import uuid import os def products_directory_path(instance, filename): ext = filename.split('.')[-1] filename = '{}.{}'.format(uuid.uuid4().hex[:8], ext) # return the whole path to the file return os.path.join('images', "products", instance.title, filename) def product_relatedimage_directory_path(instance, filename): ext = filename.split('.')[-1] filename = '{}.{}'.format(uuid.uuid4().hex[:8], ext) # return the whole path to the file return os.path.join('images', "product_relatedimage", instance.product.title, filename) class productscategory(models.model): """产品分类""" name = models.charfield('产品分类名', max_length=80, unique=true) description = models.textfield('产品分类描述', blank=true, null=true) slug = models.slugfield('slug', max_length=80, blank=true, null=true) parent_category = models.foreignkey('self', verbose_name="父级分类", blank=true, null=true, on_delete=models.cascade) def save(self, *args, **kwargs): if not self.id or not self.slug: self.slug = slugify(self.name) super().save(*args, **kwargs) def __str__(self): return self.name class meta: ordering = ['name'] verbose_name = "产品分类" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name class productstag(models.model): """产品标签""" name = models.charfield('产品标签名', max_length=30, unique=true) slug = models.slugfield('slug', max_length=40) def __str__(self): return self.name def save(self, *args, **kwargs): if not self.id or not self.slug: self.slug = slugify(self.name) super().save(*args, **kwargs) class meta: ordering = ['name'] verbose_name = "产品标签" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name class product(models.model): title = models.charfield('标题', max_length=255, unique=true) slug = models.slugfield('slug', max_length=255, blank=true, null=true) jscs = models.textfield('技术参数', blank=true, null=true) image = models.imagefield(upload_to=products_directory_path, verbose_name="产品图片") views = models.positiveintegerfield('浏览量', default=0) category = models.foreignkey('productscategory', verbose_name='分类', on_delete=models.cascade, blank=true, null=true) tags = models.manytomanyfield('productstag', verbose_name='标签集合', blank=true) def save(self, *args, **kwargs): if not self.id or not self.slug: self.slug = slugify(self.title) super().save(*args, **kwargs) def update_views(self): self.views += 1 self.save(update_fields=['views']) def get_pre(self): return product.objects.filter(id__lt=self.id).order_by('-id').first() def get_next(self): return product.objects.filter(id__gt=self.id).order_by('id').first() def __str__(self): return self.title class meta: verbose_name = "产品" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name class productadvantage(models.model): content = models.textfield('产品优势', blank=true, null=true) product = models.foreignkey(product, on_delete=models.cascade, blank=true, null=true) def __str__(self): return self.content class meta: verbose_name = "产品优势" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name class productbody(models.model): body = models.charfield('产品内容', max_length=256, blank=true, null=true) product = models.foreignkey(product, on_delete=models.cascade, blank=true, null=true) def __str__(self): return self.product.title class meta: verbose_name = "产品内容" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
2.脚本编写
2.1编写获取网页源代码函数
def get_one_page(url): try: headers = { "user-agent": "mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 10.0; wow64) applewebkit/537.36 (khtml, like gecko) chrome/51.0.2704.103 safari/537.36"} res = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers) res.encoding = 'utf-8' if res.status_code == 200: return res.text else: return none except exception: return none
2.2根据base页面获取所有产品分类页面链接
if __name__ == '__main__': content = get_one_page(url) tree = etree.html(content) # 产品分类url catgory_urls = tree.xpath('//div[@class="fdh-01-nav"]/div/h3/a/@href') # 处理catgory_urls for url in catgory_urls: url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com' + url print(url)
2.3根据产品分类页面链接获取对应所有产品链接
if __name__ == '__main__': content = get_one_page(url) tree = etree.html(content) # 产品分类 catgory = tree.xpath('//div[@class="cplb-3n-ts-03 b"]/h3/span/text()') print("产品分类:" + catgory[0]) # 该分类下产品url urls = tree.xpath('//div[@class="cplb-3n-ts-03-list"]/dl/dt/a/@href') # 处理url for url in urls: url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com' + url print(url) print("=====================================================")
两者结合起来就可以打印出所有产品链接
if __name__ == '__main__': content = get_one_page(url) tree = etree.html(content) # 产品分类url catgory_urls = tree.xpath('//div[@class="fdh-01-nav"]/div/h3/a/@href') # 处理catgory_urls for url in catgory_urls: url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com' + url content = get_one_page(url) tree = etree.html(content) # 产品分类 catgory = tree.xpath('//div[@class="cplb-3n-ts-03 b"]/h3/span/text()') print("产品分类:" + catgory[0]) # 该分类下产品url urls = tree.xpath('//div[@class="cplb-3n-ts-03-list"]/dl/dt/a/@href') # 处理url for url in urls: url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com' + url print(url) print("=====================================================")
2.2使用xpath解析函数返回产品链接的内容
if __name__ == '__main__': content = get_one_page(url) tree = etree.html(content) # 产品名称 title = tree.xpath('//*[@id="wrap"]//h1/text()') images = tree.xpath('//div[@class="sol_tj_left"]/a/img/@src') # 产品图片 images_url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com/' + images[0] # 性能特点 xntd = tree.xpath('//div[@class="w"]//div/span/text()|//div[@class="w"]//div/text()') # 技术参数 jscs = tree.xpath('//table')[0] jscs_str = etree.tostring(jscs, encoding='utf-8').decode('utf-8') # 产品内容 cpnr = tree.xpath('//div[@class="describe"]/p') print('产品名称:' + title[0]) print('产品图片:' + images_url) for td in xntd: print('性能特点:' + td) print('技术参数:' + jscs_str) for cp in cpnr: # string(.) 获取当前标签下所有文本内容 cp = cp.xpath('string(.)') print('产品内容:' + cp) print('============================================')
将三者结合在一起就可以获取所有产品信息
if __name__ == '__main__': content = get_one_page(url) tree = etree.html(content) # 产品分类url catgory_urls = tree.xpath('//div[@class="fdh-01-nav"]/div/h3/a/@href') # 处理catgory_urls for url in catgory_urls: url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com' + url content = get_one_page(url) tree = etree.html(content) # 产品分类 catgory = tree.xpath('//div[@class="cplb-3n-ts-03 b"]/h3/span/text()') # 该分类下产品url urls = tree.xpath('//div[@class="cplb-3n-ts-03-list"]/dl/dt/a/@href') # 处理url for url in urls: url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com' + url content = get_one_page(url) try: tree = etree.html(content) # 产品名称 title = tree.xpath('//*[@id="wrap"]//h1/text()') images = tree.xpath('//div[@class="sol_tj_left"]/a/img/@src') # 产品图片 images_url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com' + images[0] # 性能特点 xntd = tree.xpath('//div[@class="w"]//div/span/text()|//div[@class="w"]//div/text()') # 技术参数 jscs = tree.xpath('//table')[0] jscs_str = etree.tostring(jscs, encoding='utf-8').decode('utf-8') # 产品内容 cpnr = tree.xpath('//div[@class="describe"]/p') print("产品分类:" + catgory[0]) print('产品链接:' + url) print('产品名称:' + title[0]) print('产品图片:' + images_url) for td in xntd: print('性能特点:' + td.strip()) # print('技术参数:' + jscs_str) for cp in cpnr: # string(.) 获取当前标签下所有文本内容 cp = cp.xpath('string(.)') print('产品内容:' + cp) print('============================================') except exception as e: print(e) print('出错url:' + url) pass
3.存储到django模型
import requests from lxml.html import etree import os import django import uuid from django.core.files.base import contentfile os.environ.setdefault("django_settings_module", "jiaobanzhan.settings") django.setup() from products.models import productbody, productscategory, product, productadvantage url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com/product/hzshntjbz_1/' def get_one_page(url): try: headers = { "user-agent": "mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 10.0; wow64) applewebkit/537.36 (khtml, like gecko) chrome/51.0.2704.103 safari/537.36"} res = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers, timeout=10) res.encoding = 'utf-8' if res.status_code == 200: return res.text else: return none except exception: print('aa') return none if __name__ == '__main__': content = get_one_page(url) tree = etree.html(content) # 产品分类url catgory_urls = tree.xpath('//div[@class="fdh-01-nav"]/div/h3/a/@href') # 处理catgory_urls for url in catgory_urls: url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com' + url content = get_one_page(url) tree = etree.html(content) # 产品分类 p_catgory = tree.xpath('//div[@class="cplb-3n-ts-03 b"]/h3/span/text()') # 该分类下产品url urls = tree.xpath('//div[@class="cplb-3n-ts-03-list"]/dl/dt/a/@href') # 处理url for url in urls: url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com' + url content = get_one_page(url) try: tree = etree.html(content) # 产品名称 title = tree.xpath('//*[@id="wrap"]//h1/text()') images = tree.xpath('//div[@class="sol_tj_left"]/a/img/@src') # 产品图片 images_url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com' + images[0] # 性能特点 xntd = tree.xpath('//div[@class="w"]//div/span/text()|//div[@class="w"]//div/text()') # 技术参数 jscs = tree.xpath('//table')[0] jscs_str = etree.tostring(jscs, encoding='utf-8').decode('utf-8') # 产品内容 cpnr = tree.xpath('//div[@class="describe"]/p') # 判断是否有这分类,没有则新建 catgory = p_catgory[0] products_catgory = productscategory.objects.filter(name=catgory).exists() if products_catgory: products_catgory = productscategory.objects.get(name=catgory) else: products_catgory = productscategory(name=catgory) products_catgory.save() print(products_catgory) # 保存产品图片 image_content = requests.get(url=images_url) ext = images_url.split('.')[-1] # 获取图片类型 filename = '{}.{}'.format(uuid.uuid4().hex[:8], ext) # 随机生成图片名字 upload_image_file = contentfile(image_content.content, name=filename) # 将图片保存为django类型 product = product(title=title[0], jscs=jscs_str, image=upload_image_file, category=products_catgory) product.save() for td in xntd: product_advantage = productadvantage() product_advantage.content = td product_advantage.product = product product_advantage.save() for cp in cpnr: cp = cp.xpath('string(.)') product_body = productbody() product_body.body = cp product_body.product = product product_body.save() except exception as e: print(e) print('出错url:' + url)
最后自己手动处理出错url(页面没有获取到技术参数,技术参数是一张图片)
4.总结
1.xpath 获取标签内容时,p标签中嵌套span标签,源码如下
<div class="describe" style="position: relative;"> <p><span>板 宽:</span>1500mm</p> <p><span>板 厚:</span>4.5 mm</p> <p><span>出料口:</span>6口</p> <p><span>重 量:</span>6000 kg</p> </div>
使用xpath获取p标签内容
我想得到的效果如下
板 宽:1500mm
板 厚:4.5 mm
出料口:6口
重 量:6000 kg
使用以下xpath 只能分开获取,不是想要的效果
//div[@class="describe"]/p/span/text()|//div[@class="describe"]/p/text()
百度之后找到的解决办法,使用xpath(‘string(.)')
1.先获取所有p标签
cpnr = tree.xpath('//div[@class="describe"]/p')
2.使用**string(.)**获取所有标签所有文本
cp = cp.xpath('string(.)')
循环遍历所有p标签即可
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