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python利用xpath爬取网上数据并存储到django模型中

程序员文章站 2022-04-26 14:10:04
帮朋友制作一个网站,需要一些产品数据信息,因为是代理其他公司产品,直接爬取代理公司产品数据1.设计数据库from django.db import modelsfrom uuslug import s...

帮朋友制作一个网站,需要一些产品数据信息,因为是代理其他公司产品,直接爬取代理公司产品数据

1.设计数据库

from django.db import models
from uuslug import slugify
import uuid
import os


def products_directory_path(instance, filename):
  ext = filename.split('.')[-1]
  filename = '{}.{}'.format(uuid.uuid4().hex[:8], ext)
  # return the whole path to the file
  return os.path.join('images', "products", instance.title, filename)


def product_relatedimage_directory_path(instance, filename):
  ext = filename.split('.')[-1]
  filename = '{}.{}'.format(uuid.uuid4().hex[:8], ext)
  # return the whole path to the file
  return os.path.join('images', "product_relatedimage", instance.product.title, filename)


class productscategory(models.model):
  """产品分类"""
  name = models.charfield('产品分类名', max_length=80, unique=true)
  description = models.textfield('产品分类描述', blank=true, null=true)
  slug = models.slugfield('slug', max_length=80, blank=true, null=true)
  parent_category = models.foreignkey('self', verbose_name="父级分类", blank=true, null=true, on_delete=models.cascade)

  def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
    if not self.id or not self.slug:
      self.slug = slugify(self.name)
    super().save(*args, **kwargs)

  def __str__(self):
    return self.name

  class meta:
    ordering = ['name']
    verbose_name = "产品分类"
    verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class productstag(models.model):
  """产品标签"""
  name = models.charfield('产品标签名', max_length=30, unique=true)
  slug = models.slugfield('slug', max_length=40)

  def __str__(self):
    return self.name

  def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
    if not self.id or not self.slug:
      self.slug = slugify(self.name)
    super().save(*args, **kwargs)

  class meta:
    ordering = ['name']
    verbose_name = "产品标签"
    verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class product(models.model):
  title = models.charfield('标题', max_length=255, unique=true)
  slug = models.slugfield('slug', max_length=255, blank=true, null=true)
  jscs = models.textfield('技术参数', blank=true, null=true)
  image = models.imagefield(upload_to=products_directory_path, verbose_name="产品图片")
  views = models.positiveintegerfield('浏览量', default=0)
  category = models.foreignkey('productscategory', verbose_name='分类', on_delete=models.cascade, blank=true, null=true)
  tags = models.manytomanyfield('productstag', verbose_name='标签集合', blank=true)

  def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
    if not self.id or not self.slug:
      self.slug = slugify(self.title)
    super().save(*args, **kwargs)

  def update_views(self):
    self.views += 1
    self.save(update_fields=['views'])

  def get_pre(self):
    return product.objects.filter(id__lt=self.id).order_by('-id').first()

  def get_next(self):
    return product.objects.filter(id__gt=self.id).order_by('id').first()

  def __str__(self):
    return self.title

  class meta:
    verbose_name = "产品"
    verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class productadvantage(models.model):
  content = models.textfield('产品优势', blank=true, null=true)
  product = models.foreignkey(product, on_delete=models.cascade, blank=true, null=true)

  def __str__(self):
    return self.content

  class meta:
    verbose_name = "产品优势"
    verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class productbody(models.model):
  body = models.charfield('产品内容', max_length=256, blank=true, null=true)
  product = models.foreignkey(product, on_delete=models.cascade, blank=true, null=true)

  def __str__(self):
    return self.product.title

  class meta:
    verbose_name = "产品内容"
    verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

2.脚本编写

2.1编写获取网页源代码函数

def get_one_page(url):
  try:
    headers = {
      "user-agent": "mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 10.0; wow64) applewebkit/537.36 (khtml, like gecko) chrome/51.0.2704.103 safari/537.36"}
    res = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers)
    res.encoding = 'utf-8'
    if res.status_code == 200:
      return res.text
    else:
      return none
  except exception:
    return none

2.2根据base页面获取所有产品分类页面链接

if __name__ == '__main__':
  content = get_one_page(url)
  tree = etree.html(content)
  # 产品分类url
  catgory_urls = tree.xpath('//div[@class="fdh-01-nav"]/div/h3/a/@href')
  # 处理catgory_urls
  for url in catgory_urls:
    url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com' + url
    print(url)

2.3根据产品分类页面链接获取对应所有产品链接

if __name__ == '__main__':
  content = get_one_page(url)
  tree = etree.html(content)
  # 产品分类
  catgory = tree.xpath('//div[@class="cplb-3n-ts-03 b"]/h3/span/text()')
  print("产品分类:" + catgory[0])
  # 该分类下产品url
  urls = tree.xpath('//div[@class="cplb-3n-ts-03-list"]/dl/dt/a/@href')
  # 处理url
  for url in urls:
    url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com' + url
    print(url)
  print("=====================================================")

两者结合起来就可以打印出所有产品链接

if __name__ == '__main__':
  content = get_one_page(url)
  tree = etree.html(content)
  # 产品分类url
  catgory_urls = tree.xpath('//div[@class="fdh-01-nav"]/div/h3/a/@href')
  # 处理catgory_urls
  for url in catgory_urls:
    url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com' + url
    content = get_one_page(url)
    tree = etree.html(content)
    # 产品分类
    catgory = tree.xpath('//div[@class="cplb-3n-ts-03 b"]/h3/span/text()')
    print("产品分类:" + catgory[0])
    # 该分类下产品url
    urls = tree.xpath('//div[@class="cplb-3n-ts-03-list"]/dl/dt/a/@href')
    # 处理url
    for url in urls:
      url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com' + url
      print(url)
    print("=====================================================")

2.2使用xpath解析函数返回产品链接的内容

if __name__ == '__main__':
  content = get_one_page(url)
  tree = etree.html(content)
  # 产品名称
  title = tree.xpath('//*[@id="wrap"]//h1/text()')
  images = tree.xpath('//div[@class="sol_tj_left"]/a/img/@src')
  # 产品图片
  images_url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com/' + images[0]
  # 性能特点
  xntd = tree.xpath('//div[@class="w"]//div/span/text()|//div[@class="w"]//div/text()')
  # 技术参数
  jscs = tree.xpath('//table')[0]
  jscs_str = etree.tostring(jscs, encoding='utf-8').decode('utf-8')
  # 产品内容
  cpnr = tree.xpath('//div[@class="describe"]/p')
  print('产品名称:' + title[0])
  print('产品图片:' + images_url)
  for td in xntd:
    print('性能特点:' + td)
  print('技术参数:' + jscs_str)
  for cp in cpnr:
    # string(.) 获取当前标签下所有文本内容
    cp = cp.xpath('string(.)')
    print('产品内容:' + cp)
  print('============================================')

将三者结合在一起就可以获取所有产品信息

if __name__ == '__main__':
  content = get_one_page(url)
  tree = etree.html(content)
  # 产品分类url
  catgory_urls = tree.xpath('//div[@class="fdh-01-nav"]/div/h3/a/@href')
  # 处理catgory_urls
  for url in catgory_urls:
    url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com' + url
    content = get_one_page(url)
    tree = etree.html(content)
    # 产品分类
    catgory = tree.xpath('//div[@class="cplb-3n-ts-03 b"]/h3/span/text()')
    # 该分类下产品url
    urls = tree.xpath('//div[@class="cplb-3n-ts-03-list"]/dl/dt/a/@href')
    # 处理url
    for url in urls:
      url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com' + url
      content = get_one_page(url)
      try:
        tree = etree.html(content)
        # 产品名称
        title = tree.xpath('//*[@id="wrap"]//h1/text()')
        images = tree.xpath('//div[@class="sol_tj_left"]/a/img/@src')
        # 产品图片
        images_url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com' + images[0]
        # 性能特点
        xntd = tree.xpath('//div[@class="w"]//div/span/text()|//div[@class="w"]//div/text()')
        # 技术参数
        jscs = tree.xpath('//table')[0]
        jscs_str = etree.tostring(jscs, encoding='utf-8').decode('utf-8')
        # 产品内容
        cpnr = tree.xpath('//div[@class="describe"]/p')
        print("产品分类:" + catgory[0])
        print('产品链接:' + url)
        print('产品名称:' + title[0])
        print('产品图片:' + images_url)
        for td in xntd:
          print('性能特点:' + td.strip())
        # print('技术参数:' + jscs_str)
        for cp in cpnr:
          # string(.) 获取当前标签下所有文本内容
          cp = cp.xpath('string(.)')
          print('产品内容:' + cp)
        print('============================================')
      except exception as e:
        print(e)
        print('出错url:' + url)
        pass

3.存储到django模型

import requests
from lxml.html import etree
import os
import django
import uuid
from django.core.files.base import contentfile

os.environ.setdefault("django_settings_module", "jiaobanzhan.settings")
django.setup()

from products.models import productbody, productscategory, product, productadvantage

url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com/product/hzshntjbz_1/'


def get_one_page(url):
  try:
    headers = {
      "user-agent": "mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 10.0; wow64) applewebkit/537.36 (khtml, like gecko) chrome/51.0.2704.103 safari/537.36"}
    res = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers, timeout=10)
    res.encoding = 'utf-8'
    if res.status_code == 200:
      return res.text
    else:
      return none
  except exception:
    print('aa')
    return none


if __name__ == '__main__':
  content = get_one_page(url)
  tree = etree.html(content)
  # 产品分类url
  catgory_urls = tree.xpath('//div[@class="fdh-01-nav"]/div/h3/a/@href')
  # 处理catgory_urls
  for url in catgory_urls:
    url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com' + url
    content = get_one_page(url)
    tree = etree.html(content)
    # 产品分类
    p_catgory = tree.xpath('//div[@class="cplb-3n-ts-03 b"]/h3/span/text()')
    # 该分类下产品url
    urls = tree.xpath('//div[@class="cplb-3n-ts-03-list"]/dl/dt/a/@href')
    # 处理url
    for url in urls:
      url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com' + url
      content = get_one_page(url)
      try:
        tree = etree.html(content)
        # 产品名称
        title = tree.xpath('//*[@id="wrap"]//h1/text()')
        images = tree.xpath('//div[@class="sol_tj_left"]/a/img/@src')
        # 产品图片
        images_url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com' + images[0]
        # 性能特点
        xntd = tree.xpath('//div[@class="w"]//div/span/text()|//div[@class="w"]//div/text()')
        # 技术参数
        jscs = tree.xpath('//table')[0]
        jscs_str = etree.tostring(jscs, encoding='utf-8').decode('utf-8')
        # 产品内容
        cpnr = tree.xpath('//div[@class="describe"]/p')
        # 判断是否有这分类,没有则新建
        catgory = p_catgory[0]
        products_catgory = productscategory.objects.filter(name=catgory).exists()
        if products_catgory:
          products_catgory = productscategory.objects.get(name=catgory)
        else:
          products_catgory = productscategory(name=catgory)
          products_catgory.save()
        print(products_catgory)

        # 保存产品图片
        image_content = requests.get(url=images_url)
        ext = images_url.split('.')[-1] # 获取图片类型
        filename = '{}.{}'.format(uuid.uuid4().hex[:8], ext) # 随机生成图片名字
        upload_image_file = contentfile(image_content.content, name=filename) # 将图片保存为django类型
        product = product(title=title[0], jscs=jscs_str, image=upload_image_file, category=products_catgory)
        product.save()
        for td in xntd:
          product_advantage = productadvantage()
          product_advantage.content = td
          product_advantage.product = product
          product_advantage.save()
        for cp in cpnr:
          cp = cp.xpath('string(.)')
          product_body = productbody()
          product_body.body = cp
          product_body.product = product
          product_body.save()
      except exception as e:
        print(e)
        print('出错url:' + url)

最后自己手动处理出错url(页面没有获取到技术参数,技术参数是一张图片)

4.总结

1.xpath 获取标签内容时,p标签中嵌套span标签,源码如下

<div class="describe" style="position: relative;"> 
   <p><span>板  宽:</span>1500mm</p> 
   <p><span>板  厚:</span>4.5 mm</p> 
   <p><span>出料口:</span>6口</p> 
   <p><span>重  量:</span>6000 kg</p>
</div>

使用xpath获取p标签内容
我想得到的效果如下
板 宽:1500mm
板 厚:4.5 mm
出料口:6口
重 量:6000 kg
使用以下xpath 只能分开获取,不是想要的效果

//div[@class="describe"]/p/span/text()|//div[@class="describe"]/p/text()

百度之后找到的解决办法,使用xpath(‘string(.)')
1.先获取所有p标签

cpnr = tree.xpath('//div[@class="describe"]/p')

2.使用**string(.)**获取所有标签所有文本

cp = cp.xpath('string(.)')

循环遍历所有p标签即可

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