Python流程控制代码详解
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2022-04-26 13:08:14
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1.while语句
条件循环控制语句。一般需要和break一起使用,不然会进入死循环。
格式:【 while <条件>:
<内容>
break 】
x=int(input('请输入一个数字:')) while x>0: print('正数') break
2.if语句
流程分支的条件控制,一般和elif和else使用。
x=int(input('请输入一个数字:')) if x<0: print('负数') elif x==0: print('零') else : print('正数')
3.for语句
循环控制语句,可用来遍历某一对象,和in一起使用。
格式: 【 for <> in <对象集合>:】
x=['a','b','c','d']for i in x : # i 位置的字符,只要不是关键字,可以随意用字符代表 print(i)
数字序列迭代器,当你迭代它时,它是一个能够像期望的序列返回连续项的对象,但为了节省空间,它并不真正构造列表。
格式: range(stop) 给出结束数值,开始数值默认为0,间隔为1。
range(start,stop) 给出开始数值和结束数值,间隔为1。
range(start,stop,step) 给出开始数值和结束数值,间隔为step数值。
class range(object): """ range(stop) -> range object range(start, stop[, step]) -> range object Return an object that produces a sequence of integers from start (inclusive) to stop (exclusive) by step. range(i, j) produces i, i+1, i+2, ..., j-1. start defaults to 0, and stop is omitted! range(4) produces 0, 1, 2, 3. These are exactly the valid indices for a list of 4 elements. When step is given, it specifies the increment (or decrement). """ def count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from doc """ rangeobject.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """ return 0 def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None): # real signature unknown; restored from doc """ rangeobject.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return index of value. Raise ValueError if the value is not present. """ return 0 def contains(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return key in self. """ pass def eq(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self==value. """ pass def getattribute(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return getattr(self, name). """ pass def getitem(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self[key]. """ pass def ge(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self>=value. """ pass def gt(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self>value. """ pass def hash(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return hash(self). """ pass def init(self, stop): # real signature unknown; restored from doc pass def iter(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Implement iter(self). """ pass def len(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return len(self). """ pass def le(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self<=value. """ pass def lt(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self<value. """ pass @staticmethod # known case of new def new(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """ pass def ne(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self!=value. """ pass def reduce(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown pass def repr(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return repr(self). """ pass def reversed(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return a reverse iterator. """ pass start = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default step = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default stop = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
for i in range(3): #运行结果为0,1,2 print(i) for i in range(0,5): #运行结果为0,1,2,3,4 print(i) for i in range(-2,10,2): #运行结果为-2,0,2,4,6,8 print(i)
5.break和continue语句,以及循环中的else语句
1)break语句和 C 中的类似,用于跳出最近的一级 for 或 while 循环。
while True: print('hello') break
2)continue语句表示循环继续执行下一次迭代:
for x in range(1, 4): print(x, 'for语句') continue print(x, 'continue语句后') else: print(x, 'else语句') #运行结果 for语句 for语句 for语句 else语句
3)循环中的else
如continue的例子里,有for-else语句,else语句会在循环跳出后执行,但是break跳出循环则不会执行else,所以else可以用来处理循环中的一些异常跳出。
for x in range(1, 4): print(x) else: print(x) #运行结果 2 3
6.pass语句
pass语句什么也不做。它用于那些语法上必须要有什么语句,但程序什么也不做的场合,通常用于创建最小结构的类。
另一方面,pass可以在创建新代码时用来做函数或控制体的占位符。可以让你在更抽象的级别上思考。
class EmptyClass: pass
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