Angular路由简单学习
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2022-04-25 21:02:18
现在非常流行单页面应用,传统都是通过ajax请求数据,前端拿到数据渲染到页面,这种无刷新的视图切换非常棒!但是致命的缺点就是刷新後无法保持原来的视图,解决此问题的一个方法是...
现在非常流行单页面应用,传统都是通过ajax请求数据,前端拿到数据渲染到页面,这种无刷新的视图切换非常棒!但是致命的缺点就是刷新後无法保持原来的视图,解决此问题的一个方法是使用 hash,监听hashchange事件来进行视图切换,另一个方法是用html5的history api,通过pushstate()记录操作历史,监听popstate事件来进行视图切换,也有人把这叫pjax技术。
现在开始介绍angular的$route!
<!doctype html> <html ng-app="myapp"> <head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>$route</title> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/angular.js/1.3.0-beta.13/angular-route.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <div ng-controller="aaa"> <a href="#aaa">首页</a> <a href="#bbb">内容</a> <a href="#ccc">标题</a> <div ng-view></div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var m1 = angular.module('myapp',['ngroute']); m1.config(['$routeprovider',function($routeprovider){ $routeprovider.when('/aaa',{ template : '<h1>aaa</h1>' }).when('/bbb',{ template : '<h1>bbb</h1>' }).when('/ccc',{ template : '<h1>ccc</h1>' }).otherwise({ //默认哈希值,哈希值出现错误也可以执行 redirectto : '/aaa' }); }]); m1.controller('aaa',['$scope',function($scope){ }]); </script> </body> </html>
上面的例子很简单, 除了用template之外还可以用templateurl引入html的模板文件。
在when传入控制器的指向,实现不同的页面显示不同的数据。
<!doctype html> <html ng-app="myapp"> <head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>$route</title> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/angular.js/1.3.0-beta.13/angular-route.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <div ng-controller="aaa"> <a href="#aaa">首页</a> <a href="#bbb">内容</a> <a href="#ccc">标题</a> <div ng-view></div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var m1 = angular.module('myapp',['ngroute']); m1.config(['$routeprovider',function($routeprovider){ $routeprovider.when('/aaa',{ template : '<h1>aaa</h1>{{name}}', controller : 'aaa' //控制器指向 }).when('/bbb',{ template : '<h1>bbb</h1>{{name}}', controller : 'bbb' }).when('/ccc',{ template : '<h1>ccc</h1>{{name}}', controller : 'ccc' }).otherwise({ redirectto : '/aaa' }); }]); m1.controller('aaa',['$scope',function($scope){ $scope.name = 'xiecg-aaa'; }]); m1.controller('bbb',['$scope',function($scope){ $scope.name = 'xiecg-bbb'; }]); m1.controller('ccc',['$scope',function($scope){ $scope.name = 'xiecg-ccc'; }]); </script> </body> </html>
以事件的方式映射路由页面。
<!doctype html> <html ng-app="myapp"> <head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>$route</title> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/angular.js/1.3.0-beta.13/angular-route.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <div ng-controller="aaa"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('aaa')">首页</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('bbb')">内容</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('ccc')">标题</a> <div ng-view></div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var m1 = angular.module('myapp',['ngroute']); m1.config(['$routeprovider',function($routeprovider){ $routeprovider.when('/aaa',{ template : '<h1>aaa</h1>{{name}}', controller : 'aaa' //控制器指向 }).when('/bbb',{ template : '<h1>bbb</h1>{{name}}', controller : 'bbb' }).when('/ccc',{ template : '<h1>ccc</h1>{{name}}', controller : 'ccc' }).otherwise({ redirectto : '/aaa' }); }]); m1.controller('aaa',['$scope','$location',function($scope,$location){ $scope.name = 'xiecg-aaa'; $scope.$location = $location; }]); m1.controller('bbb',['$scope',function($scope){ $scope.name = 'xiecg-bbb'; }]); m1.controller('ccc',['$scope',function($scope){ $scope.name = 'xiecg-ccc'; }]); </script> </body> </html>
项目更复杂,页面相同(首页&index),数据不同,需要对url进行传参。
<!doctype html> <html ng-app="myapp"> <head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>$route</title> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/angular.js/1.3.0-beta.13/angular-route.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <div ng-controller="aaa"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('aaa/123')">首页</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('bbb')">内容</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('ccc')">标题</a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" ng-click="$location.path('aaa/456')">index</a> <div ng-view></div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var m1 = angular.module('myapp',['ngroute']); m1.config(['$routeprovider',function($routeprovider){ $routeprovider.when('/aaa/:num',{ template : '<h1>aaa</h1>{{name}}', controller : 'aaa' }).when('/bbb',{ template : '<h1>bbb</h1>{{name}}', controller : 'bbb' }).when('/ccc',{ template : '<h1>ccc</h1>{{name}}', controller : 'ccc' }).otherwise({ redirectto : '/aaa/:num' }); }]); m1.controller('aaa',['$scope','$location','$routeparams',function($scope,$location,$routeparams){ $scope.name = 'xiecg-aaa'; $scope.$location = $location; console.log($routeparams); //不同的数据 }]); m1.controller('bbb',['$scope',function($scope){ $scope.name = 'xiecg-bbb'; }]); m1.controller('ccc',['$scope',function($scope){ $scope.name = 'xiecg-ccc'; }]); </script> </body> </html>
路由的事件监听。
<!doctype html> <html ng-app="myapp"> <head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>$route</title> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/angular.js/1.3.0-beta.13/angular-route.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <div ng-controller="aaa"> <a href="#aaa">首页</a> <a href="#bbb">内容</a> <a href="#ccc">标题</a> <div ng-view></div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var m1 = angular.module('myapp',['ngroute']); m1.run(['$rootscope',function($rootscope){ //路由切换之前触发的事件 $rootscope.$on('$routechangestart',function(event,current,pre){ console.log(event); //事件对象 console.log(current); //路径对应的数据值 console.log(pre); //上一个路径 }); }]); m1.config(['$routeprovider',function($routeprovider){ $routeprovider.when('/aaa',{ template : '<h1>aaa</h1>' //templateurl : 'temp.html' }).when('/bbb',{ template : '<h1>bbb</h1>' }).when('/ccc',{ template : '<h1>ccc</h1>' }).otherwise({ //默认哈希值,哈希值出现错误也可以执行 redirectto : '/aaa' }); }]); m1.controller('aaa',['$scope',function($scope){ }]); </script> </body> </html>
补充:angular事件的传播机制。
<div ng-controller="aaa"> {{count}} <div ng-controller="aaa" ng-click="$emit('myevent')"> {{count}} <div ng-controller="aaa"> {{count}} </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var m1 = angular.module('myapp',[]); m1.controller('aaa',['$scope',function($scope){ $scope.count = 0; $scope.$on('myevent',function(e){ //console.log(e.targetscope); //当前的 //console.log(e.currentscope); //目标的 //console.log(e.name); //事件名 //e.stoppropagation(); //阻止冒泡 $scope.count++; }); }]); </script>
前面嵌套了三个controller,我们在中间的controller上绑定了click事件,使用$emit点击的时候,上面的controller也会触发事件。
如果是$broadcast点击就是往下传播。
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持。