python基础学习详解

运行首个程序hello_world.py

#_*_coding:utf-8_*_print("Hello world!")

输出结果：

Hello world!

变量

#_*_coding:utf-8_*_name = "beyoungt"

#_*_coding:utf-8_*_name = "beyoungt"print(name)

name = “abby"print(name)

输出结果：

beyoungt
abby

在程序中可随时修改变量的值，python将始终记录变量的最新值。

字符串:

python中，用引号括起来的都是字符串。可以是单引号也可以是双引号。

"This is a string."'This is also a string.'

使用方法修改字符串大小写：

name = "beyoungt"print(name.title())

输出：

Beyoungt

title():将每个单词首字母改为大写。

upper():将字符串全部改为大写。

lower():将字符串全部改为小写。

字符串的拼接：

first_name = "tian"last_name = "beyoungt"full_name = first_name + " " + last_nameprint("Hello," + full_name.title+" ! " )

输出：

Hello，Tian Beyoungt!

字符串的格式化输出:

name = “beyoungt"print("my name is %s" %name)#输出：my name is beyoungt

%s:字符串 %d:整数 %f:浮点数

name = input("name:")
age = int(input("age:") ) #integerjob = input("job:")
salary  = input("salary:")

info = '''-------- info of  %s  -----
Name:%s
Age:%d
Job:%s
Salary:%s''' % (name,name,age,job,salary)

info2 = '''-------- info of {_name}  -----
Name:{_name}
Age:{_age}
Job:{_job}
Salary:{_salary}'''.format(_name=name,
           _age=age,
           _job=job,
           _salary=salary)

info3 =  '''-------- info of {0} -----
Name:{0}
Age:{1}
Job:{2}
Salary:{3}'''.format(name,age,job,salary)print(info3)

添加制表符: \t

添加换行符: \n

print("Languages:\n\tPython\nC\n\tJavaScript")

输出：
Languages:
    Python
C
    JavaScript

删除空白:

favorite_language = "  python  "favorite_language.rstrip()    #删除末尾空白favorite_language.lstrip()    #删除开头空白favorite_language.strip()     #删除两端空白

模块:

#！usr/bin/env python#-*- coding:utf-8-*-# Author burnywenimport getpass

_username = 'burnywen'_password = '123456'username = input("username:")#password = getpass.getpass("password:")  #fails to work well in pycharm;password = input("password:")if _username == username and _password == password:print("Welcome user {name} login...".format(name=username))else:print("Invalid username or password!")

getpass模块使密码隐藏。

循环：

#！usr/bin/env python#-*- coding:utf-8-*-# Author burnywencount = 0while True:print("count:",count)
    count +=1if count == 100:break

#！usr/bin/env python#-*- coding:utf-8-*-# Author burnywenfor i in range(0,10):if i <3:print("loop ",i)else :continueprint("oh....")

#！usr/bin/env python#-*- coding:utf-8-*-# Author burnywenfor i in range(10):print('----------',i)for j in range(10):print(j)if j >5:break

guess小游戏及改进:

#！usr/bin/env python

#-*- coding:utf-8-*-

# Author burnywen

age_of_burnywen = 23for i in range(3):
    guess_age = int(input("guess age:") )if guess_age == age_of_burnywen :print("congratulations, you are right. ")breakelif guess_age > age_of_burnywen:print("think smaller...")else:print("think bigger...")else:print("you have tried too many times.")

#！usr/bin/env python#-*- coding:utf-8-*-# Author burnywen

age_of_burnywen = 23count = 0while count <3:
    guess_age = int(input("guess age:") )if guess_age == age_of_burnywen :print("congratulations, you are ringht. ")breakelif guess_age > age_of_burnywen:print("think smaller...")else:print("think bigger!")
    count +=1else:print("you have tried too many times.")

#！usr/bin/env python#-*- coding:utf-8-*-# Author burnywenage_of_buruywen =23count = 0while count <3:
    guess_age = int(input("guess age:") )if guess_age == age_of_burnywen :print("congratulations, you are right. ")breakelif guess_age > age_of_burnywen:print("think smaller...")else:print("think bigger!")
    count +=1if count == 3:
        countine_confirm = input("do you want to keep guessing..?")if countine_confirm != 'n':  
            count =0else:print("you have tried too many times.")

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