Python开发（3）：Python基本数据类型

运算符

1、算数运算：

2、比较运算：

3、赋值运算：

4、逻辑运算：

5、成员运算：

基本数据类型

1、数字

int（整型）

　　在32位机器上，整数的位数为32位，取值范围为-2**31～2**31-1，即-2147483648～2147483647
　　在64位系统上，整数的位数为64位，取值范围为-2**63～2**63-1，即-9223372036854775808～9223372036854775807

class int(object):"""int(x=0) -> int or long
    int(x, base=10) -> int or long
    
    Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments
    are given.  If x is floating point, the conversion truncates towards zero.
    If x is outside the integer range, the function returns a long instead.
    
    If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string or
    Unicode object representing an integer literal in the given base.  The
    literal can be preceded by '+' or '-' and be surrounded by whitespace.
    The base defaults to 10.  Valid bases are 0 and 2-36.  Base 0 means to
    interpret the base from the string as an integer literal.
    >>> int('0b100', base=0)
    4"""def bit_length(self): """ 返回表示该数字的时占用的最少位数 """"""int.bit_length() -> int
        
        Number of bits necessary to represent self in binary.
        >>> bin(37)
        '0b100101'
        >>> (37).bit_length()
        6"""return 0def conjugate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" 返回该复数的共轭复数 """""" Returns self, the complex conjugate of any int. """passdef __abs__(self):""" 返回绝对值 """""" x.__abs__() <==> abs(x) """passdef __add__(self, y):""" x.__add__(y) <==> x+y """passdef __and__(self, y):""" x.__and__(y) <==> x&y """passdef __cmp__(self, y): """ 比较两个数大小 """""" x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y) """passdef __coerce__(self, y):""" 强制生成一个元组 """ """ x.__coerce__(y) <==> coerce(x, y) """passdef __divmod__(self, y): """ 相除，得到商和余数组成的元组 """ """ x.__divmod__(y) <==> divmod(x, y) """passdef __div__(self, y): """ x.__div__(y) <==> x/y """passdef __float__(self): """ 转换为浮点类型 """ """ x.__float__() <==> float(x) """passdef __floordiv__(self, y): """ x.__floordiv__(y) <==> x//y """passdef __format__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknownpassdef __getattribute__(self, name): """ x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """passdef __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" 内部调用 __new__方法或创建对象时传入参数使用 """ passdef __hash__(self): """如果对象object为哈希表类型，返回对象object的哈希值。哈希值为整数。在字典查找中，哈希值用于快速比较字典的键。两个数值如果相等，则哈希值也相等。"""""" x.__hash__() <==> hash(x) """passdef __hex__(self): """ 返回当前数的 十六进制 表示 """ """ x.__hex__() <==> hex(x) """passdef __index__(self): """ 用于切片，数字无意义 """""" x[y:z] <==> x[y.__index__():z.__index__()] """passdef __init__(self, x, base=10): # known special case of int.__init__""" 构造方法，执行 x = 123 或 x = int(10) 时，自动调用，暂时忽略 """ """int(x=0) -> int or long
        int(x, base=10) -> int or long
        
        Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments
        are given.  If x is floating point, the conversion truncates towards zero.
        If x is outside the integer range, the function returns a long instead.
        
        If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string or
        Unicode object representing an integer literal in the given base.  The
        literal can be preceded by '+' or '-' and be surrounded by whitespace.
        The base defaults to 10.  Valid bases are 0 and 2-36.  Base 0 means to
        interpret the base from the string as an integer literal.
        >>> int('0b100', base=0)
        4
        # (copied from class doc)"""passdef __int__(self): """ 转换为整数 """ """ x.__int__() <==> int(x) """passdef __invert__(self): """ x.__invert__() <==> ~x """passdef __long__(self): """ 转换为长整数 """ """ x.__long__() <==> long(x) """passdef __lshift__(self, y): """ x.__lshift__(y) <==> x<<y """passdef __mod__(self, y): """ x.__mod__(y) <==> x%y """passdef __mul__(self, y): """ x.__mul__(y) <==> x*y """passdef __neg__(self): """ x.__neg__() <==> -x """pass@staticmethod # known case of __new__def __new__(S, *more): """ T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """passdef __nonzero__(self): """ x.__nonzero__() <==> x != 0 """passdef __oct__(self): """ 返回改值的 八进制 表示 """ """ x.__oct__() <==> oct(x) """passdef __or__(self, y): """ x.__or__(y) <==> x|y """passdef __pos__(self): """ x.__pos__() <==> +x """passdef __pow__(self, y, z=None): """ 幂，次方 """ """ x.__pow__(y[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z]) """passdef __radd__(self, y): """ x.__radd__(y) <==> y+x """passdef __rand__(self, y): """ x.__rand__(y) <==> y&x """passdef __rdivmod__(self, y): """ x.__rdivmod__(y) <==> divmod(y, x) """passdef __rdiv__(self, y): """ x.__rdiv__(y) <==> y/x """passdef __repr__(self): """转化为解释器可读取的形式 """""" x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """passdef __str__(self): """转换为人阅读的形式，如果没有适于人阅读的解释形式的话，则返回解释器课阅读的形式"""""" x.__str__() <==> str(x) """passdef __rfloordiv__(self, y): """ x.__rfloordiv__(y) <==> y//x """passdef __rlshift__(self, y): """ x.__rlshift__(y) <==> y<<x """passdef __rmod__(self, y): """ x.__rmod__(y) <==> y%x """passdef __rmul__(self, y): """ x.__rmul__(y) <==> y*x """passdef __ror__(self, y): """ x.__ror__(y) <==> y|x """passdef __rpow__(self, x, z=None): """ y.__rpow__(x[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z]) """passdef __rrshift__(self, y): """ x.__rrshift__(y) <==> y>>x """passdef __rshift__(self, y): """ x.__rshift__(y) <==> x>>y """passdef __rsub__(self, y): """ x.__rsub__(y) <==> y-x """passdef __rtruediv__(self, y): """ x.__rtruediv__(y) <==> y/x """passdef __rxor__(self, y): """ x.__rxor__(y) <==> y^x """passdef __sub__(self, y): """ x.__sub__(y) <==> x-y """passdef __truediv__(self, y): """ x.__truediv__(y) <==> x/y """passdef __trunc__(self, *args, **kwargs): """ 返回数值被截取为整形的值，在整形中无意义 """passdef __xor__(self, y): """ x.__xor__(y) <==> x^y """passdenominator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None)  # default""" 分母 = 1 """"""the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms"""imag = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None)  # default""" 虚数，无意义 """"""the imaginary part of a complex number"""numerator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None)  # default""" 分子 = 数字大小 """"""the numerator of a rational number in lowest terms"""real = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None)  # default""" 实属，无意义 """"""the real part of a complex number"""

int

2、布尔值

　　真或假

　　1 或 0

3、字符串

"hello world"

字符串常用功能：

• 移除空白

• 分割

• 长度

• 索引

• 切片

class str(basestring):"""str(object='') -> string
    
    Return a nice string representation of the object.
    If the argument is a string, the return value is the same object."""def capitalize(self):  """ 首字母变大写 """"""S.capitalize() -> string
        
        Return a copy of the string S with only its first character
        capitalized."""return ""def center(self, width, fillchar=None):  """ 内容居中，width：总长度；fillchar：空白处填充内容，默认无 """"""S.center(width[, fillchar]) -> string
        
        Return S centered in a string of length width. Padding is
        done using the specified fill character (default is a space)"""return ""def count(self, sub, start=None, end=None):  """ 子序列个数 """"""S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
        
        Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in
        string S[start:end].  Optional arguments start and end are interpreted
        as in slice notation."""return 0def decode(self, encoding=None, errors=None):  """ 解码 """"""S.decode([encoding[,errors]]) -> object
        
        Decodes S using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults
        to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error
        handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise
        a UnicodeDecodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore' and 'replace'
        as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that is
        able to handle UnicodeDecodeErrors."""return object()def encode(self, encoding=None, errors=None):  """ 编码，针对unicode """"""S.encode([encoding[,errors]]) -> object
        
        Encodes S using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults
        to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error
        handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise
        a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and
        'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered with
        codecs.register_error that is able to handle UnicodeEncodeErrors."""return object()def endswith(self, suffix, start=None, end=None):  """ 是否以 xxx 结束 """"""S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool
        
        Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise.
        With optional start, test S beginning at that position.
        With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.
        suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try."""return Falsedef expandtabs(self, tabsize=None):  """ 将tab转换成空格，默认一个tab转换成8个空格 """"""S.expandtabs([tabsize]) -> string
        
        Return a copy of S where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.
        If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed."""return ""def find(self, sub, start=None, end=None):  """ 寻找子序列位置，如果没找到，返回 -1 """"""S.find(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
        
        Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,
        such that sub is contained within S[start:end].  Optional
        arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
        
        Return -1 on failure."""return 0def format(*args, **kwargs): # known special case of str.format""" 字符串格式化，动态参数，将函数式编程时细说 """"""S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> string
        
        Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs.
        The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}')."""passdef index(self, sub, start=None, end=None):  """ 子序列位置，如果没找到，报错 """S.index(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
        
        Like S.find() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found."""return 0

    def isalnum(self):  """ 是否是字母和数字 """"""S.isalnum() -> bool
        
        Return True if all characters in S are alphanumericand there is at least one character in S, False otherwise."""return False

    def isalpha(self):  """ 是否是字母 """"""S.isalpha() -> bool
        
        Return True if all characters in S are alphabeticand there is at least one character in S, False otherwise."""return False

    def isdigit(self):  """ 是否是数字 """"""S.isdigit() -> bool
        
        Return True if all characters in S are digitsand there is at least one character in S, False otherwise."""return False

    def islower(self):  """ 是否小写 """"""S.islower() -> bool
        
        Return True if all cased characters in S are lowercase and there isat least one cased character in S, False otherwise."""return False

    def isspace(self):  """S.isspace() -> bool
        
        Return True if all characters in S are whitespaceand there is at least one character in S, False otherwise."""return False

    def istitle(self):  """S.istitle() -> bool
        
        Return True if S is a titlecased string and there is at least one
        character in S, i.e. uppercase characters may only follow uncased
        characters and lowercase characters only cased ones. Return False
        otherwise."""return False

    def isupper(self):  """S.isupper() -> bool
        
        Return True if all cased characters in S are uppercase and there isat least one cased character in S, False otherwise."""return False

    def join(self, iterable):  """ 连接 """"""S.join(iterable) -> string
        
        Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the
        iterable.  The separator between elements is S."""return ""

    def ljust(self, width, fillchar=None):  """ 内容左对齐，右侧填充 """"""S.ljust(width[, fillchar]) -> string
        
        Return S left-justified in a string of length width. Padding isdone using the specified fill character (default is a space)."""return ""

    def lower(self):  """ 变小写 """"""S.lower() -> string
        
        Return a copy of the string S converted to lowercase."""return ""

    def lstrip(self, chars=None):  """ 移除左侧空白 """"""S.lstrip([chars]) -> string or unicode
        
        Return a copy of the string S with leading whitespace removed.
        If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
        If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping"""return ""

    def partition(self, sep):  """ 分割，前，中，后三部分 """"""S.partition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail)
        
        Search for the separator sep in S, and return the part before it,
        the separator itself, and the part after it.  If the separator is notfound, return S and two empty strings."""pass

    def replace(self, old, new, count=None):  """ 替换 """"""S.replace(old, new[, count]) -> string
        
        Return a copy of string S with all occurrences of substring
        old replaced by new.  If the optional argument count isgiven, only the first count occurrences are replaced."""return ""

    def rfind(self, sub, start=None, end=None):  """S.rfind(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
        
        Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found,
        such that sub is contained within S[start:end].  Optional
        arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
        
        Return -1 on failure."""return 0

    def rindex(self, sub, start=None, end=None):  """S.rindex(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
        
        Like S.rfind() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found."""return 0

    def rjust(self, width, fillchar=None):  """S.rjust(width[, fillchar]) -> string
        
        Return S right-justified in a string of length width. Padding isdone using the specified fill character (default is a space)"""return ""

    def rpartition(self, sep):  """S.rpartition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail)
        
        Search for the separator sep in S, starting at the end of S, and returnthe part before it, the separator itself, and the part after it.  If the
        separator is not found, return two empty strings and S."""pass

    def rsplit(self, sep=None, maxsplit=None):  """S.rsplit([sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of strings
        
        Return a list of the words in the string S, using sep as the
        delimiter string, starting at the end of the string and working
        to the front.  If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit splits are
        done. If sep is not specified or is None, any whitespace stringis a separator."""return []

    def rstrip(self, chars=None):  """S.rstrip([chars]) -> string or unicode
        
        Return a copy of the string S with trailing whitespace removed.
        If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
        If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping"""return ""

    def split(self, sep=None, maxsplit=None):  """ 分割， maxsplit最多分割几次 """"""S.split([sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of strings
        
        Return a list of the words in the string S, using sep as the
        delimiter string.  If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit
        splits are done. If sep is not specified or is None, any
        whitespace string is a separator and empty strings are removedfrom the result."""return []

    def splitlines(self, keepends=False):  """ 根据换行分割 """"""S.splitlines(keepends=False) -> list of strings
        
        Return a list of the lines in S, breaking at line boundaries.
        Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keependsis given and true."""return []

    def startswith(self, prefix, start=None, end=None):  """ 是否起始 """"""S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool
        
        Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise.
        With optional start, test S beginning at that position.
        With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.
        prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try."""return False

    def strip(self, chars=None):  """ 移除两段空白 """"""S.strip([chars]) -> string or unicode
        
        Return a copy of the string S with leading and trailing
        whitespace removed.
        If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
        If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping"""return ""

    def swapcase(self):  """ 大写变小写，小写变大写 """"""S.swapcase() -> string
        
        Return a copy of the string S with uppercase characters
        converted to lowercase and vice versa."""return ""

    def title(self):  """S.title() -> string
        
        Return a titlecased version of S, i.e. words start with uppercase
        characters, all remaining cased characters have lowercase."""return ""

    def translate(self, table, deletechars=None):  """转换，需要先做一个对应表，最后一个表示删除字符集合
        intab = "aeiou"outtab = "12345"trantab = maketrans(intab, outtab)
        str = "this is string example....wow!!!"print str.translate(trantab, 'xm')""""""S.translate(table [,deletechars]) -> string
        
        Return a copy of the string S, where all characters occurringin the optional argument deletechars are removed, and the
        remaining characters have been mapped through the given
        translation table, which must be a string of length 256 or None.
        If the table argument is None, no translation is applied andthe operation simply removes the characters in deletechars."""return ""

    def upper(self):  """S.upper() -> string
        
        Return a copy of the string S converted to uppercase."""return ""

    def zfill(self, width):  """方法返回指定长度的字符串，原字符串右对齐，前面填充0。""""""S.zfill(width) -> string
        
        Pad a numeric string S with zeros on the left, to fill a field
        of the specified width.  The string S is never truncated."""return ""

    def _formatter_field_name_split(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        pass

    def _formatter_parser(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        pass

    def __add__(self, y):  """ x.__add__(y) <==> x+y """pass

    def __contains__(self, y):  """ x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x """pass

    def __eq__(self, y):  """ x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y """pass

    def __format__(self, format_spec):  """S.__format__(format_spec) -> string
        
        Return a formatted version of S as described by format_spec."""return ""

    def __getattribute__(self, name):  """ x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """pass

    def __getitem__(self, y):  """ x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """pass

    def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        pass

    def __getslice__(self, i, j):  """x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
                   
                   Use of negative indices is not supported."""pass

    def __ge__(self, y):  """ x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y """pass

    def __gt__(self, y):  """ x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y """pass

    def __hash__(self):  """ x.__hash__() <==> hash(x) """pass

    def __init__(self, string=''): # known special case of str.__init__"""str(object='') -> string
        
        Return a nice string representation of the object.
        If the argument is a string, the return value is the same object.# (copied from class doc)"""pass

    def __len__(self):  """ x.__len__() <==> len(x) """pass

    def __le__(self, y):  """ x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y """pass

    def __lt__(self, y):  """ x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y """pass

    def __mod__(self, y):  """ x.__mod__(y) <==> x%y """pass

    def __mul__(self, n):  """ x.__mul__(n) <==> x*n """pass

    @staticmethod # known case of __new__
    def __new__(S, *more):  """ T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """pass

    def __ne__(self, y):  """ x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y """pass

    def __repr__(self):  """ x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """pass

    def __rmod__(self, y):  """ x.__rmod__(y) <==> y%x """pass

    def __rmul__(self, n):  """ x.__rmul__(n) <==> n*x """pass

    def __sizeof__(self):  """ S.__sizeof__() -> size of S in memory, in bytes """pass

    def __str__(self):  """ x.__str__() <==> str(x) """pass

str

4、列表

创建列表：

name_list = ['alex', 'seven', 'eric']
或
name_list ＝ list(['alex', 'seven', 'eric'])

基本操作：

• 索引

• 切片

• 追加

• 删除

• 长度

• 切片

• 循环

• 包含

class list(object):"""list() -> new empty list
    list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items"""def append(self, p_object): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" L.append(object) -- append object to end """passdef count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" L.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """return 0def extend(self, iterable): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" L.extend(iterable) -- extend list by appending elements from the iterable """passdef index(self, value, start=None, stop=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__"""L.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
        Raises ValueError if the value is not present."""return 0def insert(self, index, p_object): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" L.insert(index, object) -- insert object before index """passdef pop(self, index=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__"""L.pop([index]) -> item -- remove and return item at index (default last).
        Raises IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range."""passdef remove(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__"""L.remove(value) -- remove first occurrence of value.
        Raises ValueError if the value is not present."""passdef reverse(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" L.reverse() -- reverse *IN PLACE* """passdef sort(self, cmp=None, key=None, reverse=False): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__"""L.sort(cmp=None, key=None, reverse=False) -- stable sort *IN PLACE*;
        cmp(x, y) -> -1, 0, 1"""passdef __add__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__add__(y) <==> x+y """passdef __contains__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x """passdef __delitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__delitem__(y) <==> del x[y] """passdef __delslice__(self, i, j): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__"""x.__delslice__(i, j) <==> del x[i:j]
                   
                   Use of negative indices is not supported."""passdef __eq__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y """passdef __getattribute__(self, name): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """passdef __getitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """passdef __getslice__(self, i, j): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__"""x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
                   
                   Use of negative indices is not supported."""passdef __ge__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y """passdef __gt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y """passdef __iadd__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__iadd__(y) <==> x+=y """passdef __imul__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__imul__(y) <==> x*=y """passdef __init__(self, seq=()): # known special case of list.__init__"""list() -> new empty list
        list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items
        # (copied from class doc)"""passdef __iter__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__iter__() <==> iter(x) """passdef __len__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__len__() <==> len(x) """passdef __le__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y """passdef __lt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y """passdef __mul__(self, n): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__mul__(n) <==> x*n """pass@staticmethod # known case of __new__def __new__(S, *more): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """passdef __ne__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y """passdef __repr__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """passdef __reversed__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" L.__reversed__() -- return a reverse iterator over the list """passdef __rmul__(self, n): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__rmul__(n) <==> n*x """passdef __setitem__(self, i, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__setitem__(i, y) <==> x[i]=y """passdef __setslice__(self, i, j, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__"""x.__setslice__(i, j, y) <==> x[i:j]=y
                   
                   Use  of negative indices is not supported."""passdef __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" L.__sizeof__() -- size of L in memory, in bytes """pass__hash__ = None

list

5、元祖

创建元祖：

ages = (11, 22, 33, 44, 55)
或
ages = tuple((11, 22, 33, 44, 55))

基本操作：

• 索引

• 切片

• 循环

• 长度

• 包含

lass tuple(object):"""tuple() -> empty tuple
    tuple(iterable) -> tuple initialized from iterable's items
    
    If the argument is a tuple, the return value is the same object."""def count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" T.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """return 0def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__"""T.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
        Raises ValueError if the value is not present."""return 0def __add__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__add__(y) <==> x+y """passdef __contains__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x """passdef __eq__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y """passdef __getattribute__(self, name): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """passdef __getitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """passdef __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknownpassdef __getslice__(self, i, j): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__"""x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
                   
                   Use of negative indices is not supported."""passdef __ge__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y """passdef __gt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y """passdef __hash__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__hash__() <==> hash(x) """passdef __init__(self, seq=()): # known special case of tuple.__init__"""tuple() -> empty tuple
        tuple(iterable) -> tuple initialized from iterable's items
        
        If the argument is a tuple, the return value is the same object.
        # (copied from class doc)"""passdef __iter__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__iter__() <==> iter(x) """passdef __len__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__len__() <==> len(x) """passdef __le__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y """passdef __lt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y """passdef __mul__(self, n): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__mul__(n) <==> x*n """pass@staticmethod # known case of __new__def __new__(S, *more): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """passdef __ne__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y """passdef __repr__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """passdef __rmul__(self, n): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__rmul__(n) <==> n*x """passdef __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" T.__sizeof__() -- size of T in memory, in bytes """pass

tuple

6、字典（无序）

创建字典：

person = {"name": "mr.wu", 'age': 18}
或
person = dict({"name": "mr.wu", 'age': 18})

常用操作：

• 索引

• 新增

• 删除

• 键、值、键值对

• 循环

• 长度

class dict(object):"""dict() -> new empty dictionary
    dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's
        (key, value) pairs
    dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via:
        d = {}
        for k, v in iterable:
            d[k] = v
    dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs
        in the keyword argument list.  For example:  dict(one=1, two=2)"""def clear(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" 清除内容 """""" D.clear() -> None.  Remove all items from D. """passdef copy(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" 浅拷贝 """""" D.copy() -> a shallow copy of D """pass@staticmethod # known casedef fromkeys(S, v=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__"""dict.fromkeys(S[,v]) -> New dict with keys from S and values equal to v.
        v defaults to None."""passdef get(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" 根据key获取值，d是默认值 """""" D.get(k[,d]) -> D[k] if k in D, else d.  d defaults to None. """passdef has_key(self, k): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" 是否有key """""" D.has_key(k) -> True if D has a key k, else False """return Falsedef items(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" 所有项的列表形式 """""" D.items() -> list of D's (key, value) pairs, as 2-tuples """return []def iteritems(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" 项可迭代 """""" D.iteritems() -> an iterator over the (key, value) items of D """passdef iterkeys(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" key可迭代 """""" D.iterkeys() -> an iterator over the keys of D """passdef itervalues(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" value可迭代 """""" D.itervalues() -> an iterator over the values of D """passdef keys(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" 所有的key列表 """""" D.keys() -> list of D's keys """return []def pop(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" 获取并在字典中移除 """"""D.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.
        If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised"""passdef popitem(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" 获取并在字典中移除 """"""D.popitem() -> (k, v), remove and return some (key, value) pair as a
        2-tuple; but raise KeyError if D is empty."""passdef setdefault(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" 如果key不存在，则创建，如果存在，则返回已存在的值且不修改 """""" D.setdefault(k[,d]) -> D.get(k,d), also set D[k]=d if k not in D """passdef update(self, E=None, **F): # known special case of dict.update""" 更新
            {'name':'alex', 'age': 18000}
            [('name','sbsbsb'),]""""""D.update([E, ]**F) -> None.  Update D from dict/iterable E and F.
        If E present and has a .keys() method, does:     for k in E: D[k] = E[k]
        If E present and lacks .keys() method, does:     for (k, v) in E: D[k] = v
        In either case, this is followed by: for k in F: D[k] = F[k]"""passdef values(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" 所有的值 """""" D.values() -> list of D's values """return []def viewitems(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" 所有项，只是将内容保存至view对象中 """""" D.viewitems() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's items """passdef viewkeys(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" D.viewkeys() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's keys """passdef viewvalues(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" D.viewvalues() -> an object providing a view on D's values """passdef __cmp__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y) """passdef __contains__(self, k): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" D.__contains__(k) -> True if D has a key k, else False """return Falsedef __delitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__delitem__(y) <==> del x[y] """passdef __eq__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y """passdef __getattribute__(self, name): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """passdef __getitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """passdef __ge__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y """passdef __gt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y """passdef __init__(self, seq=None, **kwargs): # known special case of dict.__init__"""dict() -> new empty dictionary
        dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's
            (key, value) pairs
        dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via:
            d = {}
            for k, v in iterable:
                d[k] = v
        dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs
            in the keyword argument list.  For example:  dict(one=1, two=2)
        # (copied from class doc)"""passdef __iter__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__iter__() <==> iter(x) """passdef __len__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__len__() <==> len(x) """passdef __le__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y """passdef __lt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y """pass@staticmethod # known case of __new__def __new__(S, *more): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """passdef __ne__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y """passdef __repr__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """passdef __setitem__(self, i, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" x.__setitem__(i, y) <==> x[i]=y """passdef __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__""" D.__sizeof__() -> size of D in memory, in bytes """pass__hash__ = None

dict

PS：循环，range，continue 和 break

其他

1、for循环

用户按照顺序循环可迭代对象中的内容，

PS：break、continue

li = [11,22,33,44]
for item in li:
    print item

2、enumrate

为可迭代的对象添加序号

li = [11,22,33]
for k,v in enumerate(li, 1):
    print(k,v)

3、range和xrange

指定范围，生成指定的数字

print range(1, 10)
# 结果：[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

print range(1, 10, 2)
# 结果：[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]

print range(30, 0, -2)
# 结果：[30, 28, 26, 24, 22, 20, 18, 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2]　　

练习题

一、元素分类

有如下值集合 [11,22,33,44,55,66,77,88,99,90...]，将所有大于 66 的值保存至字典的第一个key中，将小于 66 的值保存至第二个key的值中。
即： {'k1': 大于66的所有值, 'k2': 小于66的所有值}

二、查找

查找列表中元素，移除每个元素的空格，并查找以 a或A开头 并且以 c 结尾的所有元素。

li = ["alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain"]

tu = ("alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain")

dic = {'k1': "alex", 'k2': ' aric', "k3": "Alex", "k4": "Tony"}

三、输出商品列表，用户输入序号，显示用户选中的商品

商品 li = ["手机", "电脑", '鼠标垫', '游艇']

四、购物车

功能要求：

• 要求用户输入总资产，例如：2000

• 显示商品列表，让用户根据序号选择商品，加入购物车

• 购买，如果商品总额大于总资产，提示账户余额不足，否则，购买成功。

• 附加：可充值、某商品移除购物车

goods = [
    {"name": "电脑", "price": 1999},
    {"name": "鼠标", "price": 10},
    {"name": "游艇", "price": 20},
    {"name": "美女", "price": 998},
]

五、用户交互，显示省市县三级联动的选择

dic = {
    "河北": {
        "石家庄": ["鹿泉", "藁城", "元氏"],
        "邯郸": ["永年", "涉县", "磁县"],
    }
    "河南": {
        ...
    }
    "山西": {
        ...
    }

}

　　

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