Linux平台使用二进制包将MySQL 5.1安装到个人目录简易指南

程序员文章站 2022-04-23 08:53:53

...

1. 解压二进制包到个人目录，例如/home/liyh/local/mysql；

2. 拷贝一份系统目录的my.cnf配置（或者后面的配置样例也可以），按照如下方式修改：
2.1 将其中所有目录相关的配置全部改为个人目录，且要用绝对路径，不能用$HOME. 例如data, log（注意二进制包解压后缺省并没有log、tmp目录，需要自己手工创建），为了提高性能，建议数据目录和日志目录分开到不同的盘不同的目录，例如：
datadir = /home1/liyh/mysql/data/
log-error = /home/liyh/local/mysql/log/mysqld.err
log-bin=/home/liyh/local/mysql/log/mysql-bin
innodb_data_home_dir = /home1/liyh/mysql/data

2.2 修改[mysqld]下的port为你自己的端口；
2.3 修改[mysqld]下的user为你的用户名；

3. 将mysql的目录权限修改为你的用户，例如：
chgrp -R liyh mysql;
chown -R liyh mysql;
chmod 775 mysql;

4. 到mysql目录下的scripts目录，执行如下语句：
./mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/home/liyh/local/mysql/my.cnf --user=liyh --basedir=/home/liyh/local/mysql
5. 执行如下语句启动：
/home/liyh/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/home/liyh/local/mysql/my.cnf --basedir=/home/liyh/local/mysql &

【特别注意】为了提高InnoDB引擎的性能，记得一定要按照如下方式修改两个参数，否则你的MySQL insert和update慢得如蜗牛，但高性能同时也是有损失的，这样配置会降低MySQL的可靠性，某些场景下可能丢失数据，实际应用需要你自己评估是否要这样配置：
sync_binlog=0 1代表每次执行一条insert/update/delete都同步一下磁盘，0代表由操作系统决定何时同步磁盘，大于0代表达到多少条后再同步磁盘，如果可靠性要求较低，建议设置为0或者100以上
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 默认为1，意思是每次事务提交时都同步日志到磁盘，0代表每秒同步一次，事务提交时不同步，2代表只将事务日志写入缓存，每秒由系统同步磁盘；

==================配置样例如下====================================
[client]
port = 19816
socket = /home/liyh/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock
default-character-set = utf8

[mysqld]
character-set-server = utf8
port = 19816
socket = /home/liyh/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock
user = liyh
skip-external-locking
datadir = /home1/liyh/mysql/data/
log-error = /home/liyh/local/mysql/log/mysqld.err
pid-file = /home/liyh/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.pid
#autocommit = off
#read-only

key_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 300M
max_allowed_packet = 16M
table_open_cache = 4096
sort_buffer_size = 5M
join_buffer_size = 5M
read_buffer_size = 5M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
query_cache_size = 8M
query_cache_limit=8M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
tmp_table_size=64M
max_heap_table_size = 128M

open_files_limit=102400
thread_concurrency = 16
max_connections=3000
max_connect_errors=3000
back_log = 600
table_cache = 4096
thread_cache_size = 100
thread_stack = 192K
#transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED

skip-name-resolve

####log variables
server-id = 1
binlog_format=mixed
#log-slave-updates
log-bin=/home/liyh/local/mysql/log/mysql-bin
relay_log=/home/liyh/local/mysql/log/relay-bin
max_binlog_size = 500M
binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_binlog_cache_size = 64M
#binlog-ignore-db = mysql
replicate-ignore-db = mysql
expire-logs-days = 10
sync_binlog=0

slow_query_log=1
slow_query_log_file=/home/liyh/local/mysql/log/slowquery.log
long_query_time=1
general_log=off
general_log_file=/home/liyh/local/mysql/log/general.log
#relay_log_purge=OFF

# Point the following paths to different dedicated disks
#tmpdir = /tmp/
#log-update = /path-to-dedicated-directory/hostname

#auto_increment_increment=1
#auto_increment_offset=1

####innodb variables
#skip-innodb
innodb_data_home_dir = /home1/liyh/mysql/data
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:2000M;ibdata2:100M:autoextend
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /home1/liyh/mysql/data
#innodb_log_arch_dir = /home/liyh/local/mysql/data/
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2048M
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 64M
innodb_log_file_size = 200M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
#innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 16
default-storage-engine=innodb
#innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 60
#innodb_file_per_table = 0