[MySQL] MySQL的自动化安装部署_MySQL

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有过MySQL运维的人应该都清楚，线上的MySQL一般都采用源码编译，因为这样才可以根据企业的各自需要选择要编译的功能，虽然MySQL的源码编译挺简单的，但是试想一下，如果你有几百台服务器同时要安装MySQL，难道你还一台台去手动编译、编写配置文件吗？这显然太低效了，本文讨论MySQL的自动化安装部署。

1、制作符合自己需求的RPM包

我们要根据MySQL的源码编译符合企业需求的RPM包，源码获取命令如下：

wget http://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.6.16.tar.gztar -zxvf mysql-5.6.16.tar.gzcd mysql-5.6.16mkdir rpmcd rpm

在上面我们获取了源码，并在源码主目录下创建rpm目录，接着我们在该目录下创建mysql.spec文件：

Name: mysqlVersion:5.6.16Release: guahaoLicense: GPLURL: http://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.6.16.tar.gzGroup: applications/databaseBuildRoot: %{_tmppath}/%{name}-%{version}-%{release}-root BuildRequires: cmakePackager: [e-mail]: noprefix: /opt/mysqlSummary: MySQL 5.6.16%description The MySQL(TM) software delivers a very fast, multi-threaded, multi-user,and robust SQL (Structured Query Language) database server. MySQL Serveris intended for mission-critical, heavy-load production systems as wellas for embedding into mass-deployed software.%define MYSQL_USER mysql%define MYSQL_GROUP mysql%define __os_install_post %{nil}%buildcd $OLDPWD/../CFLAGS="-O3 -g -fno-exceptions -static-libgcc -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing"CXX=g++CXXFLAGS="-O3 -g -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti -static-libgcc -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing"export CFLAGS CXX CXXFLAGScmake .                                                  /  -DSYSCONFDIR:PATH=%{prefix}                            /  -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH=%{prefix}                  /  -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Release                      /  -DENABLE_PROFILING:BOOL=ON                             /  -DWITH_DEBUG:BOOL=OFF                                  /  -DWITH_VALGRIND:BOOL=OFF                               /  -DENABLE_DEBUG_SYNC:BOOL=OFF                           /  -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS:STRING=all                       /  -DWITH_SSL:STRING=bundled                              /  -DWITH_UNIT_TESTS:BOOL=OFF                             /  -DWITH_ZLIB:STRING=bundled                             /  -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE:BOOL=ON                /  -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE:BOOL=ON                 /  -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE:BOOL=ON                  /  -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE:BOOL=ON                /  -DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE:BOOL=ON               /  -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8                                 /  -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci                    /  -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all                              /  -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE:BOOL=ON                         /  -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=0                               /  -DINSTALL_LAYOUT:STRING=STANDALONE                     /  -DCOMMUNITY_BUILD:BOOL=ON                              /  -DMYSQL_SERVER_SUFFIX='-r5436';make -j `cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep processor| wc -l`%installcd $OLDPWD/../make DESTDIR=$RPM_BUILD_ROOT install%cleanrm -rf $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%files%defattr(-, %{MYSQL_USER}, %{MYSQL_GROUP})%attr(755, %{MYSQL_USER}, %{MYSQL_GROUP}) %{prefix}/*%pre%postln -s %{prefix}/lib %{prefix}/lib64%preun%changelog

有了这个spec文件之后，就可以执行如下命令生成我们自己的RPM包：

rpmbuild -bb ./mysql.spec

2、编写my.cnf模板

my.cnf模板如下：

[mysqld_safe]pid-file=/opt/mysql/run/mysqld.pid[mysql]prompt=//u@//d //r://m://s>default-character-set=gbkno-auto-rehash[client]socket=/opt/mysql/run/mysql.sock[mysqld]#dirbasedir=/opt/mysqldatadir=/data/mysql/datatmpdir=/data/mysql/tmplog-error=/data/mysql/log/alert.logslow_query_log_file=/data/mysql/log/slow.loggeneral_log_file=/data/mysql/log/general.logsocket=/opt/mysql/run/mysql.sock#innodbinnodb_data_home_dir=/data/mysql/datainnodb_log_group_home_dir=/data/mysql/datainnodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:2G;ibdata2:16M:autoextendinnodb_buffer_pool_size=10Ginnodb_buffer_pool_instances=4innodb_log_files_in_group=4innodb_log_file_size=1Ginnodb_log_buffer_size=200Minnodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=20Minnodb_max_dirty_pages_pct=60innodb_io_capacity=200innodb_thread_concurrency=32innodb_read_io_threads=8innodb_write_io_threads=8innodb_open_files=60000innodb_file_format=Barracudainnodb_file_per_table=1innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECTinnodb_change_buffering=allinnodb_adaptive_flushing=1innodb_old_blocks_time=1000innodb_stats_on_metadata=0innodb_read_ahead=0innodb_use_native_aio=0innodb_lock_wait_timeout=50innodb_rollback_on_timeout=0innodb_purge_threads=1innodb_strict_mode=1transaction-isolation=READ-COMMITTED#myisamkey_buffer_size=100Mmyisam_sort_buffer_size=64Mconcurrent_insert=2delayed_insert_timeout=300#replicationmaster-info-file=/data/mysql/log/master.inforelay-log=/data/mysql/log/mysql-relayrelay_log_info_file=/data/mysql/log/mysql-relay.inforelay-log-index=/data/mysql/log/mysql-relay.indexslave_load_tmpdir=/data/mysql/tmpslave_type_conversions="ALL_NON_LOSSY"slave_net_timeout=4skip-slave-startsync_master_info=1000sync_relay_log_info=1000#binloglog-bin=/data/mysql/log/mysql-binserver_id=2552763370binlog_cache_size=32Kmax_binlog_cache_size=2Gmax_binlog_size=500Mbinlog_format=ROWsync_binlog=1000log-slave-updates=1expire_logs_days=0#serverdefault-storage-engine=INNODBcharacter-set-server=gbklower_case_table_names=1skip-external-lockingopen_files_limit=65536safe-user-createlocal-infile=1performance_schema=0log_slow_admin_statements=1log_warnings=1long_query_time=1slow_query_log=1general_log=0query_cache_type=0query_cache_limit=1Mquery_cache_min_res_unit=1Ktable_definition_cache=65536thread_stack=512Kthread_cache_size=256read_rnd_buffer_size=128Ksort_buffer_size=256Kjoin_buffer_size=128Kread_buffer_size=128Kport=3306skip-name-resolveskip-sslmax_connections=4500max_user_connections=4000max_connect_errors=65536max_allowed_packet=128Mconnect_timeout=8net_read_timeout=30net_write_timeout=60back_log=1024#server id

细心的读者应该会注意在，在my.cnf的末尾在server id上留了空白，在后面的shell脚本会动态加上，这是因为在一个企业内部的所有MySQL的server id必须保持全局一致性，这样在主备复制时才不会导致混乱。其实如果想把这个脚本写的更通用，完全可以把更多的参数留白，如port、datadir、内存相关参数等，这里我只是以server id为例，抛砖引玉。

3、准备MySQL数据目录模板

你得事先准备一台MySQL，可以根据自己的需求，把通用性的东西放在上面（如账户等），下面是一个最简单的已安装好的MySQL的数据目录结构：

[root@lx25 mysql]# ls -ltotal 12drwxr-xr-x 5 mysql mysql 4096 Jul  2 09:26 datadrwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jul  1 18:21 logdrwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jul  2 09:26 tmp[root@lx25 mysql]# cd data[root@lx25 data]# ls -ltotal 6314044drwx------ 2 mysql mysql       4096 Jul  1 17:17 mysqldrwx------ 2 mysql mysql       4096 Jul  1 17:17 performance_schemadrwx------ 2 mysql mysql       4096 Jul  1 17:17 test

把该目录用tar打包（命名为data.tar），然后以这个为模板解压至新装MySQL实例的数据目录下即可。

4、编写自动化安装部署脚本

在运行这个脚本之前，我们必须得把前面几部制作的rpm包、my.cnf模板和数据目录模板放到一个固定的地方，本例中是放在企业内部的ftp上。MySQL自动化安装部署脚本（命名为：mysql_install.sh）如下：

#!/bin/sh#Step 1: Prepareyum install cmake gcc g++ bison ncurses-devel zlib groupadd mysqluseradd -g mysql mysql#Step 2: Get Sourceftp -n> my.cnfrpm -ivh mysql-5.6.16-guahao.x86_64.rpmcp my.cnf /opt/mysqlchown -R mysql:mysql /opt/mysqltar xvf data.tar -C /datachown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql#step 4: Start MySQLcp /opt/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqldchmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqldchkconfig mysqld on/etc/init.d/mysqld start

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