Laravel 5框架学习之Eloquent （laravel 的ORM）

我们来生成第一个模型

php artisan make:model article
#输出
model created successfully.
created migration: 2015_03_28_062517_create_articles_table

查看一下生成的文件 app/article.php

<?php namespace app;

use illuminate\database\eloquent\model;

class article extends model {

 //

}

没什么特别的，除了继承自 model 以外，但是具有强大的功能，这些都封装在laravel的model中。模型自动具有了 save() update() findxxx() 等强大的功能。

tinker 是 laravel提供的命令行工具，可以和项目进行交互。

php artisan tinker

#以下是在tinker中的交互输入
psy shell v0.4.1 (php 5.4.16 — cli) by justin hileman
>>> $name = 'zhang jinglin';
=> "zhang jinglin"

>>> $name
=> "zhang jinglin"

>>> $article = new app\article;
=> <app\article #000000005c4b7ee400000000ab91a676> {}

>>> $article->title = 'my first article';
=> "my first article"

>>> $article->body = 'some content...';
=> "some content..."

>>> $article->published_at = carbon\carbon::now();
=> <carbon\carbon #000000005c4b7ee600000000ab91dcb6> {
    date: "2015-03-28 06:37:22",
    timezone_type: 3,
    timezone: "utc"
  }

>>> $article;
=> <app\article #000000005c4b7ee400000000ab91a676> {
    title: "my first article",
    body: "some content...",
    published_at: <carbon\carbon #000000005c4b7ee600000000ab91dcb6> {
      date: "2015-03-28 06:37:22",
      timezone_type: 3,
      timezone: "utc"
    }
  }

>>> $article->toarray();
=> [
    "title"    => "my first article",
    "body"     => "some content...",
    "published_at" => <carbon\carbon #000000005c4b7ee600000000ab91dcb6> {
      date: "2015-03-28 06:37:22",
      timezone_type: 3,
      timezone: "utc"
    }
  ]

>>> $article->save();
=> true

#查看数据结果，添加了一条记录

>>> app\article::all()->toarray();
=> [
    [
      "id"      => "1",
      "title"    => "my first article",
      "body"     => "some content...",
      "published_at" => "2015-03-28 06:37:22",
      "created_at"  => "2015-03-28 06:38:53",
      "updated_at"  => "2015-03-28 06:38:53"
    ]
  ]

>>> $article->title = 'my first update title';
=> "my first update title"

>>> $article->save();
=> true

>>> app\article::all()->toarray();
=> [
    [
      "id"      => "1",
      "title"    => "my first update title",
      "body"     => "some content...",
      "published_at" => "2015-03-28 06:37:22",
      "created_at"  => "2015-03-28 06:38:53",
      "updated_at"  => "2015-03-28 06:42:03"
    ]
  ]
  
>>> $article = app\article::find(1);
=> <app\article #000000005c4b7e1600000000ab91a676> {
    id: "1",
    title: "my first update title",
    body: "some content...",
    published_at: "2015-03-28 06:37:22",
    created_at: "2015-03-28 06:38:53",
    updated_at: "2015-03-28 06:42:03"
  }

>>> $article = app\article::where('body', 'some content...')->get();
=> <illuminate\database\eloquent\collection #000000005c4b7e1800000000ab91a676> [
    <app\article #000000005c4b7e1b00000000ab91a676> {
      id: "1",
      title: "my first update title",
      body: "some content...",
      published_at: "2015-03-28 06:37:22",
      created_at: "2015-03-28 06:38:53",
      updated_at: "2015-03-28 06:42:03"
    }
  ]

>>> $article = app\article::where('body', 'some content...')->first();
=> <app\article #000000005c4b7e1900000000ab91a676> {
    id: "1",
    title: "my first update title",
    body: "some content...",
    published_at: "2015-03-28 06:37:22",
    created_at: "2015-03-28 06:38:53",
    updated_at: "2015-03-28 06:42:03"
  }
>>> 

>>> $article = app\article::create(['title' => 'new article', 'body' => 'new body', 'published_at' => carbon\carbon::now()]);
illuminate\database\eloquent\massassignmentexception with message 'title'

massassignmentexception，laravel保护我们不能直接插入记录。比如，在一些特殊情况下我们需要直接利用表单的信息填充数据库记录，但是如果我们并没有在表单中添加密码字段，而黑客产生了密码字段连同我们的其他字段一起送回服务器，这将产生修改密码的危险，所以我们必须明确的告诉laravel我们的模型那些字段是可以直接填充的。

修改我们的模型文件 article.php

<?php namespace app;

use illuminate\database\eloquent\model;

class article extends model {

 protected $fillable = [
    'title',
    'body',
    'published_at'
  ];

}

表示，title, body, published_at 是可以直接填充的。

退出 tinker，重新进入

>>> $article = app\article::create(['title' => 'new article', 'body' => 'new body', 'published_at' => carbon\carbon::now()]);
=> <app\article #000000005051b2c7000000007ec432dd> {
    title: "new article",
    body: "new body",
    published_at: <carbon\carbon #000000005051b2c6000000007ec4081d> {
      date: "2015-03-28 06:55:19",
      timezone_type: 3,
      timezone: "utc"
    },
    updated_at: "2015-03-28 06:55:19",
    created_at: "2015-03-28 06:55:19",
    id: 2
  }
  
# it's ok

>>> app\article::all()->toarray();
=> [
    [
      "id"      => "1",
      "title"    => "my first update title",
      "body"     => "some content...",
      "published_at" => "2015-03-28 06:37:22",
      "created_at"  => "2015-03-28 06:38:53",
      "updated_at"  => "2015-03-28 06:42:03"
    ],
    [
      "id"      => "2",
      "title"    => "new article",
      "body"     => "new body",
      "published_at" => "2015-03-28 06:55:19",
      "created_at"  => "2015-03-28 06:55:19",
      "updated_at"  => "2015-03-28 06:55:19"
    ]
  ]

>>> $article = app\article::find(2);
=> <app\article #000000005051b22b000000007ec432dd> {
    id: "2",
    title: "new article",
    body: "new body",
    published_at: "2015-03-28 06:55:19",
    created_at: "2015-03-28 06:55:19",
    updated_at: "2015-03-28 06:55:19"
  }

>>> $article->update(['body' => 'new updaet body']);
=> true

#update自动调用save()

以上所述就是本文的全部内容了，希望能够对大家学习laravel5框架有所帮助。