SpringBoot与SpringCache概念用法大全

1.springcache的概念

首先我们知道jpa,jdbc这些东西都是一些规范，比如jdbc，要要连接到数据库，都是需要用到数据库连接，预处理，结果集这三个对象，无论是连接到mysql还是oracle都是需要用到这个三个对象的，这是一种规范，而springcache是一种作为缓存的规范，具体实现有redis,ehcahe等

2.springcache用法（redis版）

2.1 .springcache基本用法

1.pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/pom/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance"
         xsi:schemalocation="http://maven.apache.org/pom/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelversion>4.0.0</modelversion>
    <parent>
        <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
        <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactid>
        <version>2.6.3</version>
        <relativepath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupid>com.yl</groupid>
    <artifactid>cache_redis</artifactid>
    <version>0.0.1-snapshot</version>
    <name>cache_redis</name>
    <description>demo project for spring boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>11</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
            <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactid>
        </dependency>
            <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactid>
            <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactid>

            <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactid>
            <scope>test</scope>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
                <artifactid>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactid>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

2.application.properties

# redis的配置
spring.redis.host=192.168.244.135
spring.redis.port=6379
spring.redis.password=root123

3.实体类

package com.yl.cache_redis.domain;
import java.io.serializable;
public class user implements serializable {
    private integer id;
    private string username;
    private string password;
    public integer getid() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setid(integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public string getusername() {
        return username;
    }
    public void setusername(string username) {
        this.username = username;
    }
    public string getpassword() {
        return password;
    }
    public void setpassword(string password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
    @override
    public string tostring() {
        return "user{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

4.service

package com.yl.cache_redis;

import com.yl.cache_redis.domain.user;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.cacheable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.service;
@service
public class userservice {
    @cacheable(cachenames = "u1") //这个注解作用就是将方法的返回值存到缓存中
    public user getuserbyid(integer id) {
        system.out.println("getuserbyid:" + id);
        user user = new user();
        user.setid(id);
        user.setusername("root");
        user.setpassword("root");
        return user;
    }
}

5.主程序，加上开启缓存的注解

package com.yl.cache_redis;

import org.springframework.boot.springapplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.springbootapplication;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.enablecaching;
@springbootapplication
@enablecaching //开启缓存功能
public class cacheredisapplication {
    public static void main(string[] args) {
        springapplication.run(cacheredisapplication.class, args);
    }
}

6.测试

6.1）userservice没加@cacheable注解时

6.2）userservice加@cacheable注解后，发现sevice中的方法只调用了一次

6.3）在redis中也可以看到缓存中有数据，key为定义好的cachenames+::+方法的参数

2.2 .springcache自定义缓存key

1.springcache默认使用cachenames和方法中的参数结合组成key的，那么如果有多个参数呢？它又是如何组成key的呢？我们可以指定key吗？

2.如何自定义key呢？

1）自定义key

package com.yl.cache_redis;

import org.springframework.cache.interceptor.keygenerator;
import org.springframework.stereotype.component;
import java.lang.reflect.method;
import java.util.arrays;
@component
public class mykeygenerator implements keygenerator {
    @override
    public object generate(object target, method method, object... params) {
        return target.tostring() + ":" + method.getname() + ":" + arrays.tostring(params);
    }
}

2）测试

2.3 .springcache更新缓存

1.使用@cacheput注解来更新，注意：@cacheput中的key要和@cacheable中的key一样，否则更新不了！

2.4 .springcache清空缓存

1.使用@cacheevict注解，主要key和要@cacheable中的key一致

2.测试

2.5 .springcache其他用法

1.@caching注解，可以组合多个注解

2.@cacheconfig注解

3.springcache用法（ehcache版）

1.pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/pom/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance"
         xsi:schemalocation="http://maven.apache.org/pom/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelversion>4.0.0</modelversion>
    <parent>
        <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
        <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactid>
        <version>2.6.3</version>
        <relativepath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupid>com.yl</groupid>
    <artifactid>ehcache</artifactid>
    <version>0.0.1-snapshot</version>
    <name>ehcache</name>
    <description>demo project for spring boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>11</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
            <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactid>
        </dependency>
            <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactid>

            <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactid>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <groupid>net.sf.ehcache</groupid>
            <artifactid>ehcache</artifactid>
            <version>2.10.6</version>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
                <artifactid>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactid>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

2.实体类

package com.yl.ehcache.model;
import java.io.serializable;
public class user implements serializable {
    private integer id;
    private string username;
    private string password;
    public integer getid() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setid(integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public string getusername() {
        return username;
    }
    public void setusername(string username) {
        this.username = username;
    }
    public string getpassword() {
        return password;
    }
    public void setpassword(string password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
    @override
    public string tostring() {
        return "user{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

3.service

package com.yl.ehcache.service;

import com.yl.ehcache.model.user;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.cacheevict;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.cacheable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.service;
@service
public class userservice {
    @cacheable(cachenames = "user")
    public user getuserbyid(integer id) {
        system.out.println("getuserbyid()...");
        user user = new user();
        user.setid(id);
        user.setusername("root");
        user.setpassword("root");
        return user;
    }
    @cacheevict(cachenames = "user")
    public void delete(integer id) {
        system.out.println("delete");
}

4.主程序

package com.yl.ehcache;

import org.springframework.boot.springapplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.springbootapplication;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.enablecaching;
@springbootapplication
@enablecaching
public class ehcacheapplication {
    public static void main(string[] args) {
        springapplication.run(ehcacheapplication.class, args);
    }
}

5.ehcache.xml

<ehcache>
    <diskstore path="java.io.tmpdir/shiro-spring-sample"/>
    <defaultcache
            maxelementsinmemory = "1000"
            eternal = "false"
            timetoidleseconds = "120"
            timetoliveseconds = "120"
            overflowtodisk = "false"
            diskpersistent = "false"
            diskexpirythreadintervalseconds = "120"/>
    <cache name = "user"
           maxelementsinmemory = "1000"
           eternal = "false"
           overflowtodisk = "true"
           diskpersistent = "true"
           diskexpirythreadintervalseconds = "600"/>
</ehcache>

6.测试

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