monogdb之数据备份恢复与数据的导入导出
### 备份方式和恢复方式 备份全部数据库 mkdir /bak mongodump 备份指定数据库 mkidr /bak mongodump -d admin 备份一个数据库中的某个集合 mkdir /bak mongodump -d admin -c student 恢复全部数据库 mongorestore --drop # --drop是为了防止数据重复 恢复
### 备份方式和恢复方式
备份全部数据库
mkdir /bak
mongodump
备份指定数据库
mkidr /bak
mongodump -d admin
备份一个数据库中的某个集合
mkdir /bak
mongodump -d admin -c student
恢复全部数据库
mongorestore --drop # --drop是为了防止数据重复
恢复某个数据库
mongorestore -d dbname --drop
恢复某个数据库的某个集合
mongorestore -d dbname -c student --drop
异机数据恢复
mongorestore -h host -d dbname /path/sourcefile # 注意这里要使用dump出来的文件的源文件
mongodump
-h 导出源
-d 要导出的数据库名称
-o 数据库要导出的位置
mongorestore
-d 使用的数据库名称
-c 恢复一个表
### 数据的导出
Mongodb中的mongoexport工具可以把一个collection导出成JSON格式或CSV格式的文件。可以通过参数指定导出的数据项,也可以根据指定的条件导出数据。
mongoexport
参数说明:
-h:指明数据库宿主机的IP
-u:指明数据库的用户名
-p:指明数据库的密码
-d:指明数据库的名字
-c:指明collection的名字
-f:指明要导出那些列
-o:指明到要导出的文件名
-q:指明导出数据的过滤条件
### 数据的导入
mongoimport
-type 指明要导入的文件格式
-headerline 指明不导入第一行
-file 指明要导入的文件路径
参数说明:
-h:指明数据库宿主机的IP
-u:指明数据库的用户名
-p:指明数据库的密码
-d:指明数据库的名字
-c:指明collection的名字
-f:指明要导入那些列
CSV 格式良好,主流数据库都支持导出为CSV 的格式,所以这种格式非常利于异构数据迁移
### 演示备份数据库
mkdir /bak cd /bak [root@redis bak]# mongodump -h 192.168.58.30 --port 27017 -u root -p connected to: 192.168.58.30:27017 Enter password: Thu Jul 17 08:15:42.996 all dbs Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.006 DATABASE: admin to dump/admin Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.015 admin.system.indexes to dump/admin/system.indexes.bson Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.076 2 objects Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.077 admin.system.users to dump/admin/system.users.bson Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.077 1 objects Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.077 Metadata for admin.system.users to dump/admin/system.users.metadata.json Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.078 DATABASE: guest to dump/guest Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.082 guest.system.indexes to dump/guest/system.indexes.bson Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.088 3 objects Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.088 guest.system.users to dump/guest/system.users.bson Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.097 1 objects Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.097 Metadata for guest.system.users to dump/guest/system.users.metadata.json Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.098 guest.student to dump/guest/student.bson Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.103 26 objects Thu Jul 17 08:15:43.103 Metadata for guest.student to dump/guest/student.metadata.json [root@redis bak]# ll total 4 drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jul 17 08:15 dump [root@redis bak]# cd dump/ [root@redis dump]# ls admin guest [root@redis dump]#
###恢复数据库
由于刚开始的时候指定了备份目录下面的所有文件,所以会报错
[root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]# mongorestore -d admin admin/* ERROR: too many positional options Import BSON files into MongoDB.
后来从新换了一个,再次报错
[root@localhost ~]# mongorestore -d admin admin/ couldn't connect to [127.0.0.1] couldn't connect to server 127.0.0.1:27017
上面报错是因为我配置文件中写的是本机ip,更换后
[root@localhost ~]# mongorestore -d admin admin/ -h 192.168.58.10 connected to: 192.168.58.10 Thu Jul 17 09:08:33.873 admin/system.users.bson Thu Jul 17 09:08:33.873 going into namespace [admin.system.users] 1 objects found Thu Jul 17 09:08:33.902 Creating index: { key: { _id: 1 }, ns: "admin.system.users", name: "_id_" } Thu Jul 17 09:08:34.043 Creating index: { key: { user: 1, userSource: 1 }, unique: true, ns: "admin.system.users", name: "user_1_userSource_1" } [root@localhost ~]#
### 查看是否正确导入
[root@localhost ~]# mongo 192.168.58.10 MongoDB shell version: 2.4.6 connecting to: 192.168.58.10/test Welcome to the MongoDB shell. For interactive help, type "help". For more comprehensive documentation, see http://docs.mongodb.org/ Questions? Try the support group http://groups.google.com/group/mongodb-user > show dbsl Thu Jul 17 09:12:34.806 don't know how to show [dbsl] at src/mongo/shell/utils.js:847 > show dbs; admin0.203125GB guest0.203125GB local0.078125GB > use guest switched to db guest > show collections; student system.indexes system.users > db.student.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("53c769621d184866a15043ec"), "name" : "zhuima" } { "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043ed"), "x" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043ee"), "x" : 2 } { "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043ef"), "x" : 3 } { "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043f0"), "x" : 4 } { "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043f1"), "x" : 5 } { "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043f2"), "x" : 6 } { "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043f3"), "x" : 7 } { "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043f4"), "x" : 8 } { "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043f5"), "x" : 9 } { "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043f6"), "x" : 10 } { "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043f7"), "x" : 11 } { "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043f8"), "x" : 12 } { "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043f9"), "x" : 13 } { "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043fa"), "x" : 14 } { "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043fb"), "x" : 15 } { "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043fc"), "x" : 16 } { "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043fd"), "x" : 17 } { "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043fe"), "x" : 18 } { "_id" : ObjectId("53c769861d184866a15043ff"), "x" : 19 } Type "it" for more >
### 用户管理
添加超级用户
use admin
db.addUser('name','password')
添加只读用户
use dbname
db.addUser('name','password',true)
添加普通用户
use dbname
db.addUser('name','password') 其实也不能说是普通用户,这个只是针对于某一个数据库有权限
删除用户
use dbname
db.system.users.remove('name','password')
更换用户密码
use dbname
db.addUser('name','password')
切换用户(必须要先到对对应的数据库,root账户除外)
use dbname
db.auth('name','password')
查找用户
use dbname
db.system.users.find()
### 监控mongodb
1、db.serverStatus()可以查看系统的大部分状态
> db.serverStatus() { "host" : "redis.vagrant.internal", "version" : "2.6.3", "process" : "mongod", "pid" : NumberLong(27724), "uptime" : 4997, "uptimeMillis" : NumberLong(4997102), "uptimeEstimate" : 4608, "localTime" : ISODate("2014-07-21T10:49:35.340Z"), "asserts" : { "regular" : 0, "warning" : 0, "msg" : 0, "user" : 4, "rollovers" : 0 }, "backgroundFlushing" : { "flushes" : 83, "total_ms" : 202, "average_ms" : 2.433734939759036, "last_ms" : 0, "last_finished" : ISODate("2014-07-21T10:49:18.431Z") }, "connections" : { "current" : 1, "available" : 51199, "totalCreated" : NumberLong(2) }, "cursors" : { "note" : "deprecated, use server status metrics", "clientCursors_size" : 0, "totalOpen" : 0, "pinned" : 0, "totalNoTimeout" : 0, "timedOut" : 0 }, "dur" : { "commits" : 30, "journaledMB" : 0, "writeToDataFilesMB" : 0, "compression" : 0, "commitsInWriteLock" : 0, "earlyCommits" : 0, "timeMs" : { "dt" : 3102, "prepLogBuffer" : 0, "writeToJournal" : 0, "writeToDataFiles" : 0, "remapPrivateView" : 0 } }, "extra_info" : { "note" : "fields vary by platform", "heap_usage_bytes" : 62587072, "page_faults" : 2 }, "globalLock" : { "totalTime" : NumberLong("4997106000"), "lockTime" : NumberLong(466098), "currentQueue" : { "total" : 0, "readers" : 0, "writers" : 0 }, "activeClients" : { "total" : 0, "readers" : 0, "writers" : 0 } }, "indexCounters" : { "accesses" : 48, "hits" : 48, "misses" : 0, "resets" : 0, "missRatio" : 0 }, "locks" : { "." : { "timeLockedMicros" : { "R" : NumberLong(388976), "W" : NumberLong(466098) }, "timeAcquiringMicros" : { "R" : NumberLong(382921), "W" : NumberLong(52063) } }, "admin" : { "timeLockedMicros" : { "r" : NumberLong(239696), "w" : NumberLong(0) }, "timeAcquiringMicros" : { "r" : NumberLong(105140), "w" : NumberLong(0) } }, "local" : { "timeLockedMicros" : { "r" : NumberLong(236543), "w" : NumberLong(842) }, "timeAcquiringMicros" : { "r" : NumberLong(73211), "w" : NumberLong(45) } }, "zhuima" : { "timeLockedMicros" : { "r" : NumberLong(139309), "w" : NumberLong(208) }, "timeAcquiringMicros" : { "r" : NumberLong(1778), "w" : NumberLong(3) } } }, "network" : { "bytesIn" : 12768, "bytesOut" : 29899, "numRequests" : 150 }, "opcounters" : { "insert" : 5, "query" : 22, "update" : 9, "delete" : 4, "getmore" : 0, "command" : 141 }, "opcountersRepl" : { "insert" : 0, "query" : 0, "update" : 0, "delete" : 0, "getmore" : 0, "command" : 0 }, "recordStats" : { "accessesNotInMemory" : 0, "pageFaultExceptionsThrown" : 0, "admin" : { "accessesNotInMemory" : 0, "pageFaultExceptionsThrown" : 0 }, "local" : { "accessesNotInMemory" : 0, "pageFaultExceptionsThrown" : 0 } }, "writeBacksQueued" : false, "mem" : { "bits" : 64, "resident" : 31, "virtual" : 2654, "supported" : true, "mapped" : 1184, "mappedWithJournal" : 2368 }, "metrics" : { "cursor" : { "timedOut" : NumberLong(0), "open" : { "noTimeout" : NumberLong(0), "pinned" : NumberLong(0), "total" : NumberLong(0) } }, "document" : { "deleted" : NumberLong(1), "inserted" : NumberLong(5), "returned" : NumberLong(81), "updated" : NumberLong(9) }, "getLastError" : { "wtime" : { "num" : 0, "totalMillis" : 0 }, "wtimeouts" : NumberLong(0) }, "operation" : { "fastmod" : NumberLong(0), "idhack" : NumberLong(0), "scanAndOrder" : NumberLong(0) }, "queryExecutor" : { "scanned" : NumberLong(9), "scannedObjects" : NumberLong(9) }, "record" : { "moves" : NumberLong(0) }, "repl" : { "apply" : { "batches" : { "num" : 0, "totalMillis" : 0 }, "ops" : NumberLong(0) }, "buffer" : { "count" : NumberLong(0), "maxSizeBytes" : 268435456, "sizeBytes" : NumberLong(0) }, "network" : { "bytes" : NumberLong(0), "getmores" : { "num" : 0, "totalMillis" : 0 }, "ops" : NumberLong(0), "readersCreated" : NumberLong(0) }, "preload" : { "docs" : { "num" : 0, "totalMillis" : 0 }, "indexes" : { "num" : 0, "totalMillis" : 0 } } }, "storage" : { "freelist" : { "search" : { "bucketExhausted" : NumberLong(0), "requests" : NumberLong(5), "scanned" : NumberLong(8) } } }, "ttl" : { "deletedDocuments" : NumberLong(0), "passes" : NumberLong(0) } }, "ok" : 1 } >
2、mongostat 可以动态查看mongodb的各种状态
[root@redis ~]# mongostat -h 192.168.58.30 -uzhuima -pzhuima connected to: 192.168.58.30 insert query update delete getmore command flushes mapped vsize res faults locked db idx miss % qr|qw ar|aw netIn netOut conn time *0 *0 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 1.16g 2.59g 31m 0 zhuima:0.0% 0 0|0 0|0 62b 3k 1 12:52:12 *0 *0 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 1.16g 2.59g 31m 0 .:0.0% 0 0|0 0|0 62b 3k 1 12:52:13 *0 *0 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 1.16g 2.59g 31m 0 .:0.1% 0 0|0 0|0 62b 3k 1 12:52:14 *0 *0 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 1.16g 2.59g 31m 0 zhuima:0.0% 0 0|0 0|0 62b 3k 1 12:52:15 *0 *0 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 1.16g 2.59g 31m 0 zhuima:0.0% 0 0|0 0|0 62b 3k 1 12:52:16 *0 *0 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 1.16g 2.59g 31m 0 zhuima:0.0% 0 0|0 0|0 62b 3k 1 12:52:17 *0 *0 *0 *0 0 1|0 0 1.16g 2.59g 31m 0 zhuima:0.0% 0 0|0 0|0 62b 3k 1 12:52:18 ^Z [1]+ Stopped mongostat -h 192.168.58.30 -uzhuima -pzhuima [root@redis ~]#
### 参考文章:
http://blog.csdn.net/shirdrn/article/details/7105539
http://www.cnblogs.com/huangxincheng/archive/2012/03/08/2384571.html