python list语法学习（带例子）

程序员文章站 2022-04-18 22:38:29

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创建：list = [5,7,9]
取值和改值：list[1] = list[1] * 5
列表尾插入：list.append(4)
去掉第0个值并返回第0个值的数值：list.pop(0)
去掉第0个值但不返回数值：del(list[0])
去掉具体某个值：list.remove(35)

函数function：
无参数：def function():
一个参数：def function(x):
2个参数：def function(y):
任意个参数：def add_function(*args):

函数range：
一个参数：range(n) 从第0位开始数n个位
两个参数：range(m,n) 从第m位开始到第n-1位，递增间隔为1
三个参数：range(m,n,i) 从第m位开始到第n-1位，递增间隔为i
for item in list: 和 for i in range(len(list)): 等价

对list中的元素用separator作为间隔输出： print separator.join(list)
如： list = ['a','b','c','d'] 一般的print list会输出： ['a','b','c','d']。
而 print " ".join(list) 会输出：a b c d(必须是双的双引号，单的双引号不起作用)

接受键盘输入：
guess_row = int(raw_input("Guess Row:"))

下面是一个自己写的小程序：生成一个方阵和随机的位置，叫玩家猜这个生成的位置是哪里

复制代码代码如下:

from random import randint
def creat_board(length):
board = []
for i in range(length):
board.append(['O'] * length)
return board
def print_board(x):
for row in x:
print " ".join(row)
def random_row(board):
return randint(0, len(board) - 1)

def random_col(board):
return randint(0,len(board[0]) - 1)

length = int(raw_input("Enter board's length you:"))
board = creat_board(length)
print_board(board)
turns = int(raw_input("Enter turns you want to play:"))
for turn in range(turns):
ship_row = random_row(board)
ship_col = random_col(board)
print "This is " + str(turn + 1) + "th time to guess:"
guess_row = int(raw_input("Enter the row you guess:"))
guess_col = int(raw_input("Enter the col you guess:"))

if guess_row == ship_row and guess_col == ship_col:
print "You win!"
break
else:
if (guess_row len(board) - 1) or (guess_col len(board) - 1):
print "Incorrect input!"
if turn == turns - 1:
print "Turns out!"
elif board[guess_row][guess_col] == 'X':
print "You have guessed it already!"
if turn == turns - 1:
print "Turns out!"
else:
print "You guess wrong!"
board[guess_row][guess_col] = 'X'
print_board(board)
if turn == turns - 1:
print "Turns out!"

曾经犯的错误：
1.创建board函数忘记返回一个board，所以它一直为空，导致后面的操作都越界了；
2.生成随机位置的时候，位置row和col的命名一直是跟生成的函数名一样（random_row=random_row(board)），导致TypeError: 'int' object is not callable错误。