分布式任务队列 1

celery 是一个 基于python开发的分布式异步消息任务队列，通过它可以轻松的实现任务的异步处理， 如果你的业务场景中需要用到异步任务，就可以考虑使用celery， 举几个实例场景中可用的例子:

1. 你想对100台机器执行一条批量命令，可能会花很长时间 ，但你不想让你的程序等着结果返回，而是给你返回 一个任务id,你过一段时间只需要拿着这个任务id就可以拿到任务执行结果， 在任务执行ing进行时，你可以继续做其它的事情。 
2. 你想做一个定时任务，比如每天检测一下你们所有客户的资料，如果发现今天 是客户的生日，就给他发个短信祝福

celery 在执行任务时需要通过一个消息中间件来接收和发送任务消息，以及存储任务结果， 一般使用rabbitmq or redis

 celery有以下优点：

1. 简单：一单熟悉了celery的工作流程后，配置和使用还是比较简单的
2. 高可用：当任务执行失败或执行过程中发生连接中断，celery 会自动尝试重新执行任务
3. 快速：一个单进程的celery每分钟可处理上百万个任务
4. 灵活： 几乎celery的各个组件都可以被扩展及自定制

celery基本工作流程图

 

 celery安装使用

celery的默认broker是rabbitmq, 仅需配置一行就可以broker_url = 'amqp://guest:guest@localhost:5672//'

rabbitmq 没装的话请装一下 https://www.cnblogs.com/jcrlive/p/12469792.html

redis  https://www.cnblogs.com/jcrlive/p/12464962.html

安装redis组件   pip install -u "celery[redis]"

配置

configuration is easy, just configure the location of your redis database:

app.conf.broker_url = 'redis://localhost:6379/0'

where the url is in the format of:

redis://:password@hostname:port/db_number

all fields after the scheme are optional, and will default to localhost on port 6379, using database 0.

 

如果想获取每个任务的执行结果，还需要配置一下把任务结果存在哪

if you also want to store the state and return values of tasks in redis, you should configure these settings:

app.conf.result_backend = 'redis://localhost:6379/0'

安装celery模块   pip install celery     task.py

from celery import celery
 
app = celery('tasks',
             broker='redis://localhost',
             backend='redis://localhost')
 
@app.task
def add(x,y):
    print("running...",x,y)
    return x+y

启动celery worker来开始监听并执行任务   进入文件目录

 celery -a tasks worker --loglevel=info

 

调用任务

再打开一个终端， 进行命令行模式，调用任务　　

>>> from tasks import add

>>> add.delay(4, 4)

看你的worker终端会显示收到 一个任务，此时你想看任务结果的话，需要在调用 任务时　赋值个变量

>>> result = add.delay(4, 4)

the ready() method returns whether the task has finished processing or not:

>>> result.ready()
false

you can wait for the result to complete, but this is rarely used since it turns the asynchronous call into a synchronous one:

>>> result.get(timeout=1)
8

in case the task raised an exception, get() will re-raise the exception, but you can override this by specifying the propagate argument:

>>> result.get(propagate=false)

if the task raised an exception you can also gain access to the original traceback:

>>> result.traceback
…

在项目中如何使用celery

目录格式如下

proj/__init__.py

    /celery.py

    /tasks.py

 

from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals

from celery import celery

 

app = celery('proj',

             broker='localhost',

             backend='localhost',

             include=['proj.tasks'])

 

# optional configuration, see the application user guide.

app.conf.update(

    result_expires=3600,

)

 

if __name__ == '__main__':

    app.start()

 

 

 

from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals
from .celery import app


@app.task
def add(x, y):
    return x + y


@app.task
def mul(x, y):
    return x * y


@app.task
def xsum(*numbers):
    return sum(*numbers)
启动worker      celery -a proj worker -loglevel info



后台

celery multi start w1 -a proj -loglevel info

celery  multi restart w1 -a proj -loglevel info

celery multi stop w1

celery multi stopwait w1

celery 定时任务

 celery支持定时任务，设定好任务的执行时间，celery就会定时自动帮你执行， 这个定时任务模块叫celery beat

from celery import celery

from celery.schedules import crontab

 

app = celery()

 

@app.on_after_configure.connect

def setup_periodic_tasks(sender, **kwargs):

    # calls test('hello') every 10 seconds.

    sender.add_periodic_task(10.0, test.s('hello'), name='add every 10')

 

    # calls test('world') every 30 seconds

    sender.add_periodic_task(30.0, test.s('world'), expires=10)

 

    # executes every monday morning at 7:30 a.m.

    sender.add_periodic_task(

        crontab(hour='*', minute='*', day_of_week='friday'),

        test.s('happy mondays!'),

    )

 

@app.task

def test(arg):

    print(arg)

add_periodic_task 会添加一条定时任务

上面是通过调用函数添加定时任务，也可以像写配置文件 一样的形式添加， 下面是每30s执行的任务
app.conf.beat_schedule = {

    'add-every-30-seconds': {

        'task': 'tasks.add',

        'schedule': 30.0,

        'args': (16, 16)

    },

}

app.conf.timezone = 'utc'

 

 

任务添加好了，需要让celery单独启动一个进程来定时发起这些任务， 注意， 这里是发起任务，不是执行，这个进程只会不断的去检查你的任务计划， 每发现有任务需要执行了，就发起一个任务调用消息，交给celery worker去执行

celery -a periodic_task beat
启动celery worker来执行任务   celery -a periodic_task worker

更复杂的定时配置　　

上面的定时任务比较简单，只是每多少s执行一个任务，但如果你想要每周一三五的早上8点给你发邮件怎么办呢？哈，其实也简单，用crontab功能，跟linux自带的crontab功能是一样的，可以个性化定制任务执行时间

crontab       http://www.cnblogs.com/peida/archive/2013/01/08/2850483.html 

 

还有更多定时配置方式如下：

example	meaning
crontab()	execute every minute.
crontab(minute=0, hour=0)	execute daily at midnight.
crontab(minute=0, hour='*/3')	execute every three hours: midnight, 3am, 6am, 9am, noon, 3pm, 6pm, 9pm.
crontab(minute=0, hour='0,3,6,9,12,15,18,21')	same as previous.
crontab(minute='*/15')	execute every 15 minutes.
crontab(day_of_week='sunday')	execute every minute (!) at sundays.
crontab(minute='*', hour='*',day_of_week='sun')	same as previous.
crontab(minute='*/10', hour='3,17,22',day_of_week='thu,fri')	execute every ten minutes, but only between 3-4 am, 5-6 pm, and 10-11 pm on thursdays or fridays.
crontab(minute=0,hour='*/2,*/3')	execute every even hour, and every hour divisible by three. this means: at every hour except: 1am, 5am, 7am, 11am, 1pm, 5pm, 7pm, 11pm
crontab(minute=0, hour='*/5')	execute hour divisible by 5. this means that it is triggered at 3pm, not 5pm (since 3pm equals the 24-hour clock value of “15”, which is divisible by 5).
crontab(minute=0, hour='*/3,8-17')	execute every hour divisible by 3, and every hour during office hours (8am-5pm).
crontab(0, 0,day_of_month='2')	execute on the second day of every month.
crontab(0, 0, day_of_month='2-30/3')	execute on every even numbered day.
crontab(0, 0, day_of_month='1-7,15-21')	execute on the first and third weeks of the month.
crontab(0, 0,day_of_month='11', month_of_year='5')	execute on the eleventh of may every year.
crontab(0, 0, month_of_year='*/3')	execute on the first month of every quarter.

 

上面能满足你绝大多数定时任务需求了，甚至还能根据潮起潮落来配置定时任务， 具体看 http://docs.celeryproject.org/en/latest/userguide/periodic-tasks.html#solar-schedules