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一个常见的Spring IOC疑难症状

程序员文章站 2022-04-15 20:29:30
...
Case
   请看下面的IOC实例:
  
   1)AaaService实现AaaaInterface接口
   2)在BaaService中Autowired AaaService
  
Code

//1.AaaInterface
package com.test;
public interface AaaInterface {
    void method1();
}

//2.AaaService
package com.test;
public class AaaService implements AaaInterface {

    @Override
    public void method1() {
        System.out.println("hello");
    }

    public void method2() {
        System.out.println("hello");
    }
}

//3.BbbService
package com.test;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
public class BbbService {

    @Autowired
    private AaaService aaaService;

    public void method2(){
        System.out.println("hello method2");
    }
}


Spring XML配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd">

    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath*:conf.properties"/>
    <!--扫描除Controller外的Bean,Controller在MVC层配置-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.test"/>

    <!--数据源-->
    <bean id="dataSource"
          class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.SingleConnectionDataSource"
          p:driverClassName="${jdbc.driverClassName}"
          p:url="${jdbc.url}"
          p:username="${jdbc.username}"
          p:password="${jdbc.password}"/>

    <bean id="txManager"
          class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"
          p:dataSource-ref="dataSource"/>

    <!-- 通过AOP配置的事务管理增强 -->
    <aop:config >
        <aop:pointcut id="serviceMethod"
                      expression="execution(public * com.test..*Service.*(..))"/>
        <aop:advisor pointcut-ref="serviceMethod" advice-ref="txAdvice"/>
    </aop:config>

    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="txManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <tx:method name="*"/>
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>
    <!-- //////////////////////////////////////////////// -->
</beans>


启动Spring容器

package com.test;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class MainStarter {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        BbbService bbbService = applicationContext.getBean("bbbService", BbbService.class);
    }
}


结果报了以下这堆异常:
2013-7-25 13:54:08 org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry destroySingletons
信息: Destroying singletons in org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@687bc899: defining beans [org.springframework.context.support.PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer#0,aaaService,bbbService,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalRequiredAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor,dataSource,txManager,org.springframework.aop.config.internalAutoProxyCreator,serviceMethod,org.springframework.aop.support.DefaultBeanFactoryPointcutAdvisor#0,txAdvice,org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.importAwareProcessor]; root of factory hierarchy
//重要的信息在这儿!!
Exception in thread "main" org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'bbbService': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private com.test.AaaService com.test.BbbService.aaaService; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [com.test.AaaService] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:288)
	at 
	... 50 more

上面的异常告诉我们,BbbService Bean创建不了,因为无法Autowired其aaaService的成员变量,说在Spring容器中不存在这个AaaService的Bean.

分析

以上是Spring IoC中一个经典的错误,其原因是Spring对Bean的动态代理引起的:

1)由于在applicationContext.xml中,通过<aop>对所有Service进行事务增强,因此Spring容器会对所有所有XxxService的Bean进行动态代理;

2)默认情况下,Spring使用基于接口的代理,也即:
  a)如果Bean类有实现接口,那么Spring自动使用基于接口的代理创建该Bean的代理实例;
  b)如果Bean类没有实现接口,那么则使用基于子类扩展的动态代理(即CGLib代理);

3)由于我们的AaaService实现了AaaInterface,所以Spring在生成AaaService类的动态代理Bean时,采用了
  基于接口的动态代理,该动态代理实例只实现AaaInterface,且该实例不能强制转换成AaaService。换句话说,AaaService生成的Bean不能赋给AaaService的实例,而只能赋给AaaInterface的实例。

4)因此,当BbbService希望注入AaaService的成员时,Spring找不到对应的Bean了(因为只有AaaInterface的Bean).


解决


方法1

既然AaaService Bean是被Spring动态代理后改变成了类型,那如果取消引起动态代理的配置,使Spring不会对AaaService动态代理,那么AaaService的Bean类型就是原始的AaaService了:
<beans>
...
    <!-- 把以下的配置注释掉 -->
 <!--    <aop:config >
        <aop:pointcut id="serviceMethod"
                      expression="execution(public * com.test..*Service.*(..))"/>
        <aop:advisor pointcut-ref="serviceMethod" advice-ref="txAdvice"/>
    </aop:config>

    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="txManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <tx:method name="*"/>
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>-->
    <!-- //////////////////////////////////////////////// -->
</beans>


引起Spring对AaaService进行动态代理的<aop>配置注释后,重新启动容器,即可正常启动了。

但是这里AaaService的方法就不会被事务增强了,这将违背了我们的初衷,因此这种解决方法仅是为了让大家了解到引起IOC问题的根源所在,并没有真正解决问题。

方法2

将BbbService的AaaService成员改成AaaInterface:
@Service("bbbService")
public class BbbService {

    @Autowired
    private AaaInterface aaaService;//注意这儿,成员类型从AaaService更改为AaaInterface

    public void method2(){
        System.out.println("hello method2");
    }
}


既然AaaService Bean被植入事务增强动态代理后就变成了AaaInterface的实例,那么干脆我们更改BbbService的成员属性类型,也是可以解决问题的。

但是这样的话,只能调用接口中拥有的方法 ,在AaaService中定义的方法(如method2())就调用不到了,因为这个代理后的Bean不能被强制转换成AaaService。

因此,就引出了我们的终极解决办法,请看方法3:

方法3

  刚才我们说“Spring在默认情况下,对实现接口的Bean采用基于接口的代理”,我们可否改变Spring这一“默认的行为”呢?答案是肯定的,那就是通过proxy-target-class="true"这个属性,Spring植入增强时,将不管Bean有没有实现接口,统统采用基于扩展子类的方式进行动态代理,也即生成的动态代理是AaaService的子类,那当然就可以赋给AaaService有实例了:

    <!-- 注意这儿的proxy-target-class="true" -->
    <aop:config proxy-target-class="true">
        <aop:pointcut id="serviceMethod"
                      expression="execution(public * com.test..*Service.*(..))"/>
        <aop:advisor pointcut-ref="serviceMethod" advice-ref="txAdvice"/>
    </aop:config>

    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="txManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <tx:method name="*"/>
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>


注意,你需要将CGLib包放到类路径下,因为Spring用它来动态生成代理!以下是我这个小例子的Maven:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>onlyTest</groupId>
    <artifactId>onlyTest</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
       <spring.version>3.2.3.RELEASE</spring.version>
        <mysql.version>5.1.25</mysql.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>${mysql.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
            <version>1.6.10</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>
    
</project>
相关标签: Spring