修改ubuntu 18.04的sources.list源为阿里或清华镜像的方法

1. 备份源列表

ubuntu缺省的配置的源并不是国内的服务器，下载更新软件都比较慢，本文介绍如何设置源列表，选择比较快的源以节省下载时间。

# 首先备份源列表
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup

2. 打开sources.list文件修改

选择合适的源，替换原文件的内容，保存编辑好的文件, 以阿里云更新服务器为例（从实际测试上结果分析，个人认为阿里云比网易和搜狐的服务器要快）：

sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

3. 阿里云镜像源-清华镜像源

注意根据具体使用的ubuntu的版本不同，将文本中trusty替换为下面对应版本的字符串:

版本	版本号	代号
lucid(10.04)	10.04	lucid
precise(12.04): precise	12.04	precise
trusty(14.04): trusty	14.04	trusty
utopic(14.10): utopic	14.10	utopic
ubuntu 16.04 tls： xenial	16.04	xenial
ubuntu 18.04 tls： bionic	18.04	bionic

ubuntu 18.04 tls版本阿里云镜像源：

# https://opsx.alibaba.com/mirror
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse 
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse 
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse 
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse 
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse 

# 仿照清华镜像源，注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse 
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse 
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse 
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse 
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse

ubuntu 18.04 tls版本清华镜像源：

# https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/
# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

4. 刷新列表，一定要执行刷新

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install build-essential

5. 参考

如何修改ubuntu的源列表(source list)

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