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php集成动态口令认证_php实例

程序员文章站 2022-04-14 22:26:43
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大多数系统目前均使用的静态密码进行身份认证登录,但由于静态密码容易被窃取,其安全性无法满足安全要求。

动态口令采用一次一密、用过密码作废的方式防止了密码被窃取带来的安全问题。
动态口令分为HOTP(基于事件计数的动态口令,RFC4226)、TOTP(基于时间计数的动态口令,RFC6238)、OCRA(挑战应答式动态口令,RFC6287)等方式。

本文介绍了集成TOTP方式的动态口令认证的方案,PHP框架采用Thinkphp3.2.3,动态口令生成器使用的是google authtication。

1、为Thinkphp框架添加oath算法类

oath算法封装类oath.php代码如下:

.
 *
 * PHP Google two-factor authentication module.
 *
 * See http://www.idontplaydarts.com/2011/07/google-totp-two-factor-authentication-for-php/
 * for more details
 *
 * @author Phil
 **/

class Google2FA {

 const keyRegeneration  = 30; // Interval between key regeneration
 const otpLength  = 6; // Length of the Token generated

 private static $lut = array( // Lookup needed for Base32 encoding
  "A" => 0, "B" => 1,
  "C" => 2, "D" => 3,
  "E" => 4, "F" => 5,
  "G" => 6, "H" => 7,
  "I" => 8, "J" => 9,
  "K" => 10, "L" => 11,
  "M" => 12, "N" => 13,
  "O" => 14, "P" => 15,
  "Q" => 16, "R" => 17,
  "S" => 18, "T" => 19,
  "U" => 20, "V" => 21,
  "W" => 22, "X" => 23,
  "Y" => 24, "Z" => 25,
  "2" => 26, "3" => 27,
  "4" => 28, "5" => 29,
  "6" => 30, "7" => 31
 );

 /**
  * Generates a 16 digit secret key in base32 format
  * @return string
  **/
 public static function generate_secret_key($length = 16) {
  $b32  = "234567QWERTYUIOPASDFGHJKLZXCVBNM";
  $s  = "";

  for ($i = 0; $i = 8) {
    $j = $j - 8;
    $binary .= chr(($n & (0xFF > $j);
   }
  }

  return $binary;
 }
 /*by tang*/  
 public static function base32_encode($data, $length){
  $basestr = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ234567";
  $count = 0;
  if ($length > 0) {
   $buffer = $data[0];
   $next = 1;
   $bitsLeft = 8;

   while (($bitsLeft > 0 || $next > ($bitsLeft - 5));
    $bitsLeft -= 5;
    $result .= $basestr[$index];
    $count++;
   }
   }
   return $result;  
 }
 /**
  * Takes the secret key and the timestamp and returns the one time
  * password.
  *
  * @param binary $key - Secret key in binary form.
  * @param integer $counter - Timestamp as returned by get_timestamp.
  * @return string
  **/
 public static function oath_hotp($key, $counter)
 {
  if (strlen($key) 

由于google的动态口令算法中种子密钥使用了base32编码,因此需要base32算法,base32.php内容如下:


 * @link http://christianriesen.com
 * @license MIT License see LICENSE file
 */
class Base32
{
 /**
  * Alphabet for encoding and decoding base32
  *
  * @var array
  */
 private static $alphabet = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ234567=';
 /**
  * Creates an array from a binary string into a given chunk size
  *
  * @param string $binaryString String to chunk
  * @param integer $bits Number of bits per chunk
  * @return array
  */
 private static function chunk($binaryString, $bits)
 {
  $binaryString = chunk_split($binaryString, $bits, ' ');
  if (substr($binaryString, (strlen($binaryString)) - 1) == ' ') {
   $binaryString = substr($binaryString, 0, strlen($binaryString)-1);
  }
  return explode(' ', $binaryString);
 }
 /**
  * Encodes into base32
  *
  * @param string $string Clear text string
  * @return string Base32 encoded string
  */
 public static function encode($string)
 {
  if (strlen($string) == 0) {
   // Gives an empty string
   return '';
  }
  // Convert string to binary
  $binaryString = '';
  foreach (str_split($string) as $s) {
   // Return each character as an 8-bit binary string
   $binaryString .= sprintf('%08b', ord($s));
  }
  // Break into 5-bit chunks, then break that into an array
  $binaryArray = self::chunk($binaryString, 5);
  // Pad array to be divisible by 8
  while (count($binaryArray) % 8 !== 0) {
   $binaryArray[] = null;
  }
  $base32String = '';
  // Encode in base32
  foreach ($binaryArray as $bin) {
   $char = 32;
   if (!is_null($bin)) {
    // Pad the binary strings
    $bin = str_pad($bin, 5, 0, STR_PAD_RIGHT);
    $char = bindec($bin);
   }
   // Base32 character
   $base32String .= self::$alphabet[$char];
  }
  return $base32String;
 }
 /**
  * Decodes base32
  *
  * @param string $base32String Base32 encoded string
  * @return string Clear text string
  */
 public static function decode($base32String)
 {
  // Only work in upper cases
  $base32String = strtoupper($base32String);
  // Remove anything that is not base32 alphabet
  $pattern = '/[^A-Z2-7]/';
  $base32String = preg_replace($pattern, '', $base32String);
  if (strlen($base32String) == 0) {
   // Gives an empty string
   return '';
  }
  $base32Array = str_split($base32String);
  $string = '';
  foreach ($base32Array as $str) {
   $char = strpos(self::$alphabet, $str);
   // Ignore the padding character
   if ($char !== 32) {
    $string .= sprintf('%05b', $char);
   }
  }
  while (strlen($string) %8 !== 0) {
   $string = substr($string, 0, strlen($string)-1);
  }
  $binaryArray = self::chunk($string, 8);
  $realString = '';
  foreach ($binaryArray as $bin) {
   // Pad each value to 8 bits
   $bin = str_pad($bin, 8, 0, STR_PAD_RIGHT);
   // Convert binary strings to ASCII
   $realString .= chr(bindec($bin));
  }
  return $realString;
 }
}

?>

将这两个文件放到Thinkphp框架的ThinkPHP\Library\Vendor\oath目录下,oath目录是自己创建的。

2、添加数据库字段

用户表添加如下字段:
auth_type(0-静态密码,1-动态口令)
seed(种子密钥)
temp_seed(临时种子密钥)
last_logintime(上次登录成功时间)
last_otp(上次使用密码)
其中auth_type是为了标明用户使用的哪种认证方式,seed为用户的种子密钥,temp_seed为用户未开通前临时保存的一个种子密钥,如果用户开通动态口令认证成功,该字段内容会填到seed字段。last_logintime和last_otp为上次认证成功的时间和动态口令,用于避免用户同一个口令重复使用。

3、代码集成

1)、开通动态口令

在原有系统的修改密码页面,加上认证方式的选择,例如:

php集成动态口令认证_php实例

如果用户选择动态口令方式,则会生成一张二维码显示在页面,用于用户开通动态口令。为了兼容google authtication,其二维码格式与谷歌一样。生成二维码的方法见我的另一篇《Thinkphp3.2.3整合phpqrcode生成带logo的二维码》 。
生成密钥二维码代码如下:

public function qrcode()
 { 
  Vendor('oath.base32');
  $base32 = new \Base32();
  $rand = random(16);//生成随机种子
  $rand = $base32->encode($rand);
  $rand=str_replace('=','',$rand);//去除填充的‘='

  $errorCorrectionLevel =intval(3) ;//容错级别 
  $matrixPointSize = intval(8);//生成图片大小

  //生成二维码图片 
  Vendor('phpqrcode.phpqrcode');
  $object = new \QRcode();
  $text = sprintf("otpauth://totp/%s?secret=%s", $user, $rand);
  $object->png($text, false, $errorCorrectionLevel, $matrixPointSize, 2);

  生成的种子$rand保存到数据库的temp_seed字段
 }

random是生成随机字符串函数。$rand=str_replace('=','',$rand)这句代码是因为谷歌手机令牌中base32解码算法并没有填充的‘='号。

验证用户动态口令的代码如下:

从数据库读取temp_seed
Vendor('oath.oath');
$object = new \Google2FA();
if($object->verify_key($temp_seed, $otp)){
 验证成功,将数据库更新seed为temp_seed,auth_type为1,last_otp为otp
}

2)、动态口令登录

用户动态口令登录验证的代码:

从数据库读取auth_type,seed,last_otp字段。

if($auth_type==1){//动态口令
 //防止重复认证    
 if($lat_otp == $otp) {
  动态口令重复使用返回    
 }
 Vendor('oath.oath');
 $object = new \Google2FA();
 if(!$object->verify_key($seed, $otp))
 {
  动态口令不正确
 }
 else
 {
  登录成功,将数据库更新last_otp为$otp,last_logintime为time()
 }    
}

4、测试验证

下载google authtication,使用静态密码登录系统,进入修改密码页面。
打开google authtication,扫描二维码,会显示动态口令。

php集成动态口令认证_php实例

php集成动态口令认证_php实例

保存内容,开通动态口令成功!
然后你就可以用高大上的动态口令登录系统了!

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。