008.Kubernetes二进制部署Nginx实现高可用

一 nginx代理实现kube-apiserver高可用

1.1 nginx实现高可用

基于 nginx 代理的 kube-apiserver 高可用方案。

控制节点的 kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler 是多实例部署，所以只要有一个实例正常，就可以保证高可用；

集群内的 pod 使用 k8s 服务域名 kubernetes 访问 kube-apiserver， kube-dns 会自动解析出多个 kube-apiserver 节点的 ip，所以也是高可用的；

在每个节点起一个 nginx 进程，后端对接多个 apiserver 实例，nginx 对它们做健康检查和负载均衡；

kubelet、kube-proxy、controller-manager、scheduler 通过本地的 nginx（监听 127.0.0.1）访问 kube-apiserver，从而实现 kube-apiserver 的高可用；

从而基于 nginx 4 层透明代理功能实现 k8s 节点( master 节点和 worker 节点)高可用访问 kube-apiserver 。

1.2 下载编译nginx

  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work
  2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.15.3.tar.gz
  3 [root@k8smaster01 work]# tar -xzvf nginx-1.15.3.tar.gz
  4 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work/nginx-1.15.3/
  5 [root@k8smaster01 nginx-1.15.3]# mkdir nginx-prefix
  6 [root@k8smaster01 nginx-1.15.3]# ./configure --with-stream --without-http --prefix=$(pwd)/nginx-prefix --without-http_uwsgi_module --without-http_scgi_module --without-http_fastcgi_module
  7 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work/nginx-1.15.3/
  8 [root@k8smaster01 nginx-1.15.3]# make && make install

解释：

• --with-stream：开启 4 层透明转发(tcp proxy)功能；
• --without-xxx：关闭所有其他功能，这样生成的动态链接二进制程序依赖最小。
• [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work/nginx-1.15.3/
• [root@k8smaster01 nginx-1.15.3]# ./nginx-prefix/sbin/nginx -v

1.3 验证编译后的nginx

  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work/nginx-1.15.3
  2 [root@k8smaster01 nginx-1.15.3]# ./nginx-prefix/sbin/nginx -v
  3 nginx version: nginx/1.15.3
  4 [root@k8smaster01 nginx-1.15.3]# ldd ./nginx-prefix/sbin/nginx	#查看 nginx 动态链接的库
  5         linux-vdso.so.1 =>  (0x00007ffdda980000)
  6         libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x00007feb37300000)
  7         libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007feb370e4000)
  8         libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007feb36d17000)
  9         /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007feb37504000)

提示：由于只开启了 4 层透明转发功能，所以除了依赖 libc 等操作系统核心 lib 库外，没有对其它 lib 的依赖(如 libz、libssl 等)，以便达到精简编译的目的。

1.4 安装和部署nginx

  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work
  2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
  3 [root@k8smaster01 work]# for master_ip in ${master_ips[@]}
  4   do
  5     echo ">>> ${master_ip}"
  6     mkdir -p /opt/k8s/kube-nginx/{conf,logs,sbin}
  7   done						#创建nginx目录
  8 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work
  9 [root@k8smaster01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
 10 [root@k8smaster01 work]# for master_ip in ${master_ips[@]}
 11   do
 12     echo ">>> ${master_ip}"
 13     scp /opt/k8s/work/nginx-1.15.3/nginx-prefix/sbin/nginx  root@${master_ip}:/opt/k8s/kube-nginx/sbin/kube-nginx
 14     ssh root@${master_ip} "chmod a+x /opt/k8s/kube-nginx/sbin/*"
 15     ssh root@${master_ip} "mkdir -p /opt/k8s/kube-nginx/{conf,logs,sbin}"
 16   done						#分发nginx二进制

1.5 配置nginx 四层透明转发

  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work
  2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# cat > kube-nginx.conf <<eof
  3 worker_processes 1;
  4 
  5 events {
  6     worker_connections  1024;
  7 }
  8 
  9 stream {
 10     upstream backend {
 11         hash $remote_addr consistent;
 12         server 172.24.8.71:6443        max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
 13         server 172.24.8.72:6443        max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
 14         server 172.24.8.73:6443        max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
 15     }
 16 
 17     server {
 18         listen 127.0.0.1:8443;
 19         proxy_connect_timeout 1s;
 20         proxy_pass backend;
 21     }
 22 }
 23 eof
 24 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work
 25 [root@k8smaster01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
 26 [root@k8smaster01 work]# for master_ip in ${master_ips[@]}
 27   do
 28     echo ">>> ${master_ip}"
 29     scp kube-nginx.conf  root@${master_ip}:/opt/k8s/kube-nginx/conf/kube-nginx.conf
 30   done						#分发nginx四层透明代理配置文件

1.6 配置nginx system

  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work
  2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# cat > kube-nginx.service <<eof
  3 [unit]
  4 description=kube-apiserver nginx proxy
  5 after=network.target
  6 after=network-online.target
  7 wants=network-online.target
  8 
  9 [service]
 10 type=forking
 11 execstartpre=/opt/k8s/kube-nginx/sbin/kube-nginx -c /opt/k8s/kube-nginx/conf/kube-nginx.conf -p /opt/k8s/kube-nginx -t
 12 execstart=/opt/k8s/kube-nginx/sbin/kube-nginx -c /opt/k8s/kube-nginx/conf/kube-nginx.conf -p /opt/k8s/kube-nginx
 13 execreload=/opt/k8s/kube-nginx/sbin/kube-nginx -c /opt/k8s/kube-nginx/conf/kube-nginx.conf -p /opt/k8s/kube-nginx -s reload
 14 privatetmp=true
 15 restart=always
 16 restartsec=5
 17 startlimitinterval=0
 18 limitnofile=65536
 19 
 20 [install]
 21 wantedby=multi-user.target
 22 eof

1.7 分发nginx systemd

  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work
  2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
  3 [root@k8smaster01 work]# for master_ip in ${master_ips[@]}
  4   do
  5     echo ">>> ${master_ip}"
  6     scp kube-nginx.service  root@${master_ip}:/etc/systemd/system/
  7   done

二 启动并验证

2.1 启动nginx

  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work
  2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
  3 [root@k8smaster01 work]# for master_ip in ${master_ips[@]}
  4   do
  5     echo ">>> ${master_ip}"
  6     ssh root@${master_ip} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kube-nginx && systemctl restart kube-nginx"
  7   done

2.2 检查nginx服务

  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work
  2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
  3 [root@k8smaster01 work]# for master_ip in ${master_ips[@]}
  4   do
  5     echo ">>> ${master_ip}"
  6     ssh root@${master_ip} "systemctl status kube-nginx |grep 'active:'"
  7   done