Hbase的安装和基本使用

hbase介绍

hbase是一个开源的非关系型分布式数据库（nosql），它参考了谷歌的bigtable建模，实现的编程语言为 java。它是apache软件基金会的hadoop项目的一部分，运行于hdfs文件系统之上，为 hadoop 提供类似于bigtable 规模的服务。因此，它可以容错地存储海量稀疏的数据。

hbase安装

安装环境

三台虚拟机：master、slave1、slave2，
已经安装好hadoop环境和zookeeper

下载hbase安装包，根据你自己的需求下载对应的安装包

wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/hbase/0.98.24/hbase-0.98.24-hadoop2-bin.tar.gz

也可以直接去镜像网站下载，地址：
下载好后，解压安装包

tar -zxvf hbase-0.98.24-hadoop2-bin.tar.gz

添加hbase的环境变量

//打开~/.bashrc文件
vim ~/.bashrc
//然后在里边追加两行
export hbase_home=/usr/local/src/hbase-0.98.24-hadoop2
export path=$path:$hbase_home/bin
//然后保存退出，source一下
source ~/.bashrc

配置hbase
打开hbase目录下conf/hbase-env.sh（如果没有新建一个）

vim conf/hbase-env.sh
//添加下边两个配置
export java_home=/usr/local/src/jdk1.8.0_171  //java home
export hbase_manages_zk=false  //是否使用自带的zookeeper，自己有安装的话就用自己的，没有就用自带的

配置hbase-site.xml文件

vim conf/hbase-site.xml
//添加如下配置
<configuration>
        <property>
                <name>hbase.rootdir</name>
                <value>hdfs://master:9000/hbase</value>
        </property>
        <property>
                <name>hbase.cluster.distributed</name>
                <value>true</value>
        </property>
        <property>
                <name>hbase.zookeeper.quorum</name>
                <value>master,slave1,slave2</value>
        </property>
        <property>
                <name>dfs.replication</name>
                <value>2</value>
        </property>
</configuration>

修改regionservers文件

vim conf/regionservers
//添加需要安装regionserver的机器节点
slave1
slave2

到这里hbase简单的环境就搭建好了

hbase的启动

启动hbase需要首先启动hadoop和zookeeper

启动hadoop

master机器节点

//进入到hadoop目录的sbin下
./start-all.sh 

查看hadoop是不是启动成功
master机器节点，jps查看进程看到图中进程说明成功启动

slave机器节点，jps查看

zookeeper启动

master和slave节点都执行，进入zookeeper安装目录bin目录下

zkserver.sh start

然后jps查看进程，能看到quorumpeermain说明zookeeper启动成功

启动hbase

在hadoop和zookeeper都启动之后就可以启动hbase了，进入hbase的安装目录的bin目录下

./start-hbase.sh

jps查看进程，在master能看到hmaster进程，在slave节点能看到hregionserver进程，说明hbase启动成功


也可以通过网址来检查，

hbase简单的shell命令操作

进入shell命令模式，在bin目录下执行

./hbase shell
hbase(main):001:0>

• 查看当前所有表

hbase(main):003:0> list
table                                                                                                                       
0 row(s) in 0.1510 seconds

=> []

• 创建表

hbase(main):006:0> create 'test_table' , 'mate_data', 'action'
0 row(s) in 2.4390 seconds

=> hbase::table - test_table

• 查看表详情

hbase(main):009:0> desc 'test_table'
table test_table is enabled                                                                                                 
test_table                                                                                                                  
column families description                                                                                                 
{name => 'action', bloomfilter => 'row', versions => '1', in_memory => 'false', keep_deleted_cells => 'false', data_block_en
coding => 'none', ttl => 'forever', compression => 'none', min_versions => '0', blockcache => 'true', blocksize => '65536', 
replication_scope => '0'}                                                                                                   
{name => 'mate_data', bloomfilter => 'row', versions => '1', in_memory => 'false', keep_deleted_cells => 'false', data_block
_encoding => 'none', ttl => 'forever', compression => 'none', min_versions => '0', blockcache => 'true', blocksize => '65536
', replication_scope => '0'}                                                                                                
2 row(s) in 0.0520 seconds

• 增加列簇

hbase(main):010:0> alter 'test_table', {name => 'new', versions => '2', in_memory => 'true'}
updating all regions with the new schema...
0/1 regions updated.
1/1 regions updated.
done.
0 row(s) in 2.2790 seconds


hbase(main):011:0> desc 'test_table'
table test_table is enabled                                                                                                 
test_table                                                                                                                  
column families description                                                                                                 
{name => 'action', bloomfilter => 'row', versions => '1', in_memory => 'false', keep_deleted_cells => 'false', data_block_en
coding => 'none', ttl => 'forever', compression => 'none', min_versions => '0', blockcache => 'true', blocksize => '65536', 
replication_scope => '0'}                                                                                                   
{name => 'mate_data', bloomfilter => 'row', versions => '1', in_memory => 'false', keep_deleted_cells => 'false', data_block
_encoding => 'none', ttl => 'forever', compression => 'none', min_versions => '0', blockcache => 'true', blocksize => '65536
', replication_scope => '0'}                                                                                                
{name => 'new', bloomfilter => 'row', versions => '2', in_memory => 'true', keep_deleted_cells => 'false', data_block_encodi
ng => 'none', ttl => 'forever', compression => 'none', min_versions => '0', blockcache => 'true', blocksize => '65536', repl
ication_scope => '0'}                                                                                                       
3 row(s) in 0.0570 seconds

• 删除列簇

hbase(main):013:0> alter 'test_table', {name => 'new', method => 'delete'}
updating all regions with the new schema...
0/1 regions updated.
1/1 regions updated.
done.
0 row(s) in 2.2390 seconds

hbase(main):014:0> desc 'test_table'
table test_table is enabled                                                                                                 
test_table                                                                                                                  
column families description                                                                                                 
{name => 'action', bloomfilter => 'row', versions => '1', in_memory => 'false', keep_deleted_cells => 'false', data_block_en
coding => 'none', ttl => 'forever', compression => 'none', min_versions => '0', blockcache => 'true', blocksize => '65536', 
replication_scope => '0'}                                                                                                   
{name => 'mate_data', bloomfilter => 'row', versions => '1', in_memory => 'false', keep_deleted_cells => 'false', data_block
_encoding => 'none', ttl => 'forever', compression => 'none', min_versions => '0', blockcache => 'true', blocksize => '65536
', replication_scope => '0'}                                                                                                
2 row(s) in 0.0430 seconds

• 删除表

//首先disable
hbase(main):016:0> disable 'test_table'
0 row(s) in 1.2980 seconds
//然后再删除
hbase(main):017:0> drop 'test_table'
0 row(s) in 0.2020 seconds
//查看是否删除
hbase(main):018:0> list
table                                                                                                                       
0 row(s) in 0.0070 seconds

=> []

• 往表里写数据并查看

hbase(main):021:0> put 'test_table', '1001', 'mate_data:name', 'zhangsan'
0 row(s) in 0.1400 seconds

hbase(main):022:0> put 'test_table', '1002', 'mate_data:name', 'lisi'
0 row(s) in 0.0110 seconds

hbase(main):023:0> put 'test_table', '1001', 'mate_data:gender', 'woman'
0 row(s) in 0.0170 seconds

hbase(main):024:0> put 'test_table', '1002', 'mate_data:age', '25'
0 row(s) in 0.0140 seconds

hbase(main):025:0> scan 'test_table'
row                              column+cell                                                                                
 1001                            column=mate_data:gender, timestamp=1540034584363, value=woman                              
 1001                            column=mate_data:name, timestamp=1540034497293, value=zhangsan                             
 1002                            column=mate_data:age, timestamp=1540034603800, value=25                                    
 1002                            column=mate_data:name, timestamp=1540034519659, value=lisi                                 
2 row(s) in 0.0410 seconds

• 读取数据

hbase(main):026:0> get 'test_table', '1001'
column                           cell                                                                                       
 mate_data:gender                timestamp=1540034584363, value=woman                                                       
 mate_data:name                  timestamp=1540034497293, value=zhangsan                                                    
2 row(s) in 0.0340 seconds

hbase(main):027:0> get 'test_table', '1001', 'mate_data:name'
column                           cell                                                                                       
 mate_data:name                  timestamp=1540034497293, value=zhangsan                                                    
1 row(s) in 0.0320 seconds

• 查看行数

hbase(main):028:0> count 'test_table'
2 row(s) in 0.0390 seconds

=> 2

• 清空表数据

hbase(main):029:0> truncate 'test_table'
truncating 'test_table' table (it may take a while):
 - disabling table...
 - truncating table...
0 row(s) in 1.5220 seconds

通过python脚本来操作hbase

不能通过python脚本来直接操作hbase，必须要借助thrift服务作为中间层，所以需要两个python模块：hbase模块和thrift模块，和安装thrift来实现python对hbase的操作

安装thrift并获得thrift模块

• 下载安装thrift

wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/thrift/0.11.0/thrift-0.11.0.tar.gz
tar -zxvf thrift-0.11.0.tar.gz
cd thrift-0.11.0/
./configure
make
make install
cd lib/py/build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7

然后就能看到thrift模块

获得hbase模块

• 下载hbase源码包

wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/hbase/0.98.24/hbase-0.98.24-src.tar.gz
tar -zxvf hbase-0.98.24-src.tar.gz

• 产生hbase模块

//进入该目录
cd /usr/local/src/hbase-0.98.24/hbase-thrift/src/main/resources/org/apache/hadoop/hbase/thrift
//执行如下命令，产生gen-py目录
thrift --gen py hbase.thrift
//进入该目录就能得到生成的hbase模块
cd gen-py

使用python写数据

• 创建表

from thrift.transport import tsocket
from thrift.protocol import tbinaryprotocol

from hbase import hbase
from hbase.ttypes import *

transport = tsocket.tsocket('master', 9090)
transport = ttransport.tbufferedtransport(transport)

protocol = tbinaryprotocol.tbinaryprotocol(transport)

client = hbase.client(protocol)

transport.open()

base_info_contents = columndescriptor(name='columnname1', maxversions=1)
other_info_contents = columndescriptor(name='columnname2', maxversions=1)

client.createtable('tablename', [base_info_contents,other_info_contents])

• 插入数据

from thrift.transport import tsocket
from thrift.protocol import tbinaryprotocol

from hbase import hbase
from hbase.ttypes import *

transport = tsocket.tsocket('master', 9090)
transport = ttransport.tbufferedtransport(transport)

protocol = tbinaryprotocol.tbinaryprotocol(transport)

client = hbase.client(protocol)

transport.open()

table_name = 'tablename'
rowkey = 'rowkeyname'
mutations = [mutation(column="columnname:columnpro", value="valuename")]
client.mutaterow(table_name,rowkey,mutations,none)

• 查看数据

from thrift.transport import tsocket
from thrift.protocol import tbinaryprotocol

from hbase import hbase
from hbase.ttypes import *

transport = tsocket.tsocket('master', 9090)
transport = ttransport.tbufferedtransport(transport)

protocol = tbinaryprotocol.tbinaryprotocol(transport)

client = hbase.client(protocol)

transport.open()

table_name = 'tablename'
rowkey = 'rowkeyname'

result = client.getrow(table_name,rowkey,none)

for l in result:
    print "the row is "+ l.row
    for k,v in l.columns.items():
        print '\t'.join([k,v.value])

from thrift.transport import tsocket
from thrift.protocol import tbinaryprotocol

from hbase import hbase
from hbase.ttypes import *

transport = tsocket.tsocket('master', 9090)
transport = ttransport.tbufferedtransport(transport)

protocol = tbinaryprotocol.tbinaryprotocol(transport)

client = hbase.client(protocol)

transport.open()

table_name = 'tablename'

scan = tscan()

id = client.scanneropenwithscan(table_name,scan,none)
result = client.scannergetlist(id,10)

for l in result:
    print "========="
    print "the row is "+ l.row
    for k,v in l.columns.items():
        print '\t'.join([k,v.value])

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