欢迎您访问程序员文章站本站旨在为大家提供分享程序员计算机编程知识!
您现在的位置是: 首页  >  数据库

MySQLStudy之--MySQLschema_information数据库_MySQL

程序员文章站 2022-04-13 09:51:32
...
MySQL Study之--MySQL schema_information数据库

information_schema数据库是在mysql的版本5.0之后产生的,一个虚拟数据库,物理上并不存在。

information_schema数据库类似与“数据字典”,提供了访问数据库元数据的方式,即数据的数据。比如数据库名或表名,列类型,访问权限(更加细化的访问方式)。

案例:

mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| prod               |
| test               |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
访问information_schema:
mysql> use information_schema;

Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+---------------------------------------+
| Tables_in_information_schema          |
+---------------------------------------+
| CHARACTER_SETS                        |
| COLLATIONS                            |
| COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY |
| COLUMNS                               |
| COLUMN_PRIVILEGES                     |
| ENGINES                               |
| EVENTS                                |
| FILES                                 |
| GLOBAL_STATUS                         |
| GLOBAL_VARIABLES                      |
| KEY_COLUMN_USAGE                      |
| OPTIMIZER_TRACE                       |
| PARAMETERS                            |
| PARTITIONS                            |
| PLUGINS                               |
| PROCESSLIST                           |
| PROFILING                             |
| REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS               |
| ROUTINES                              |
| SCHEMATA                              |
| SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES                     |
| SESSION_STATUS                        |
| SESSION_VARIABLES                     |
| STATISTICS                            |
| TABLES                                |
| TABLESPACES                           |
| TABLE_CONSTRAINTS                     |
| TABLE_PRIVILEGES                      |
| TRIGGERS                              |
| USER_PRIVILEGES                       |
| VIEWS                                 |
| INNODB_LOCKS                          |
| INNODB_TRX                            |
| INNODB_SYS_DATAFILES                  |
| INNODB_LOCK_WAITS                     |
| INNODB_SYS_TABLESTATS                 |
| INNODB_CMP                            |
| INNODB_METRICS                        |
| INNODB_CMP_RESET                      |
| INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX                  |
| INNODB_CMPMEM_RESET                   |
| INNODB_FT_DELETED                     |
| INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE_LRU                |
| INNODB_SYS_FOREIGN                    |
| INNODB_SYS_COLUMNS                    |
| INNODB_SYS_INDEXES                    |
| INNODB_FT_DEFAULT_STOPWORD            |
| INNODB_SYS_FIELDS                     |
| INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX_RESET            |
| INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE                    |
| INNODB_CMPMEM                         |
| INNODB_FT_INDEX_TABLE                 |
| INNODB_FT_BEING_DELETED               |
| INNODB_SYS_TABLESPACES                |
| INNODB_FT_INDEX_CACHE                 |
| INNODB_SYS_FOREIGN_COLS               |
| INNODB_SYS_TABLES                     |
| INNODB_BUFFER_POOL_STATS              |
| INNODB_FT_CONFIG                      |
+---------------------------------------+
59 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> desc SCHEMATA;
+----------------------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field                      | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------------------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| CATALOG_NAME               | varchar(512) | NO   |     |         |       |
| SCHEMA_NAME                | varchar(64)  | NO   |     |         |       |
| DEFAULT_CHARACTER_SET_NAME | varchar(32)  | NO   |     |         |       |
| DEFAULT_COLLATION_NAME     | varchar(32)  | NO   |     |         |       |
| SQL_PATH                   | varchar(512) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+----------------------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select SCHEMA_NAME,DEFAULT_CHARACTER_SET_NAME from SCHEMATA;
+--------------------+----------------------------+
| SCHEMA_NAME        | DEFAULT_CHARACTER_SET_NAME |
+--------------------+----------------------------+
| information_schema | utf8                       |
| mysql              | latin1                     |
| performance_schema | utf8                       |
| prod               | latin1                     |
| test               | latin1                     |
+--------------------+----------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> desc tables;
+-----------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field           | Type                | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| TABLE_CATALOG   | varchar(512)        | NO   |     |         |       |
| TABLE_SCHEMA    | varchar(64)         | NO   |     |         |       |
| TABLE_NAME      | varchar(64)         | NO   |     |         |       |
| TABLE_TYPE      | varchar(64)         | NO   |     |         |       |
| ENGINE          | varchar(64)         | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| VERSION         | bigint(21) unsigned | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| ROW_FORMAT      | varchar(10)         | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| TABLE_ROWS      | bigint(21) unsigned | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| AVG_ROW_LENGTH  | bigint(21) unsigned | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| DATA_LENGTH     | bigint(21) unsigned | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| MAX_DATA_LENGTH | bigint(21) unsigned | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| INDEX_LENGTH    | bigint(21) unsigned | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| DATA_FREE       | bigint(21) unsigned | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| AUTO_INCREMENT  | bigint(21) unsigned | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| CREATE_TIME     | datetime            | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| UPDATE_TIME     | datetime            | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| CHECK_TIME      | datetime            | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| TABLE_COLLATION | varchar(32)         | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| CHECKSUM        | bigint(21) unsigned | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| CREATE_OPTIONS  | varchar(255)        | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| TABLE_COMMENT   | varchar(2048)       | NO   |     |         |       |
+-----------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
21 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select table_schema,table_name,table_type,engine,table_rows from tables where table_schema='prod';

+--------------+------------+------------+--------+------------+
| table_schema | table_name | table_type | engine | table_rows |
+--------------+------------+------------+--------+------------+
| prod         | t1         | BASE TABLE | InnoDB |          2 |
| prod         | t2         | BASE TABLE | InnoDB |          2 |
+--------------+------------+------------+--------+------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from prod.t1;
+------+-------+
| id   | name  |
+------+-------+
|   10 | tom   |
|   20 | jerry |
|   30 | rose  |
|   40 | ellen |
+------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> explain select * from prod.t1;
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | t1    | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    2 | NULL  |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

其中重要的表有:

SCHEMATA表:

SCHEMATA表提供了当前mysql实例中所有数据库的信息。是show databases的结果取之此表。

TABLES表:

TABLES表提供了关于数据库中的表的信息(包括视图)。详细表述了某个表属于哪个schema,表类型,表引擎,创建时间,等等信息。是show tables from schemaname的结果取之此表。

COLUMNS表:

COLUMNS表提供了表中的列信息。详细表述了某张表的所有列以及每个列的信息。是show columns from schemaname.tablename的结果取之此表。

STATISTICS表:

STATISTICS表提供了关于表索引的信息。是show index from schemaname.tablename的结果取之此表。

USER_PRIVILEGES表:

USER_PRIVILEGES(用户权限)表给出了关于全程权限的信息。该信息源自mysql.user授权表。是非标准表。

SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES表:

SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES(方案权限)表给出了关于方案(数据库)权限的信息。该信息来自mysql.db授权表。是非标准表。

TABLE_PRIVILEGES表:

TABLE_PRIVILEGES(表权限)表给出了关于表权限的信息。该信息源自mysql.tables_priv授权表。是非标准表。

COLUMN_PRIVILEGES表;

COLUMN_PRIVILEGES(列权限)表给出了关于列权限的信息。该信息源自mysql.columns_priv授权表。是非标准表。

CHARACTER_SETS表:

CHARACTER_SETS(字符集)表提供了mysql实例可用字符集的信息。是SHOW CHARACTER SET结果集取之此表。

COLLATIONS表;

COLLATIONS表提供了关于各字符集的对照信息。

COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY表:

COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY表指明了可用于校对的字符集。这些列等效于SHOW COLLATION的前两个显示字段。

TABLE_CONSTRAINTS表;

TABLE_CONSTRAINTS表描述了存在约束的表。以及表的约束类型。

KEY_COLUMN_USAGE表:

KEY_COLUMN_USAGE表描述了具有约束的键列。

ROUTINES表:

ROUTINES表提供了关于存储子程序(存储程序和函数)的信息。此时,ROUTINES表不包含自定义函数(UDF)。名为“mysql.proc name”的列指明了对应于INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROUTINES表的mysql.proc表列。

VIEWS表:

VIEWS表给出了关于数据库中的视图的信息。需要有show views权限,否则无法查看视图信息。

TRIGGERS表;

TRIGGERS表提供了关于触发程序的信息。必须有super权限才能查看该表。

另外,在未来的版本中会有新的表添加。

【注】information_schema是一个由数据库的元数据组成的数据库。里面存储的是mysql的数据库基本信息。并随时改变。用于查看信息以及系统决策时作为重要的信息提供者。

相关标签: 数据库