使用spring框架实现数据库事务处理方式
使用spring框架实现数据库事务处理
事务对于数据库来说是，是对sql语句的一系列操作，这些操作被组织成为一个事务。事务具有原子性的，要么全部执行，要么不执行。若事务中sql语句发生错误，事务需要对已经执行的sql进行回滚操作，撤销先前对数据库的操作，防止数据库出现错误状态。
jdbc对数据库事务处理的支持
jdbc本身提供了对数据库处理的支持，使用java.sql.connection对象完成事务的提交。使用connection提交数据库事务处理如下：
发现里面有一个方法叫setautocommit()，设置为true时，就是自动提交sql，如果设置为false时，sql语句的提交由程序负责，应用程序必须调用commit方法，同时在执行sql语句异常处理块中调用rollback方法，对异常发生前进行的数据库进行回滚。
在企业级中，事务一般都是并发执行的，当事务并发执行时，就会发生数据库同步的问题，具体问题可分为下面四种类型：
- 脏读：
- 不可重复读：
- 丢失更新：
- 幻读：
为了解决上面的四种问题，解决事务并发的问题
jdbc定义了五种事务隔离级别来解决这些并发导致的问题
-
transaction_read_uncommitted:数据级别最低，俗称脏读，在没有提交数据时，就已经读取到已经更新的数据。 -
transaction_read_committed:当一个事务进行查询时，允许读取提交前的数据，数据提交后，当前查询就可以读取到数据，update数据的时候并不锁住表。(最长使用) -
transaction_repeatable_read:当一个事务进行查询时，不允许读取其他事务更新的数据，可以读取其他事务新增的数据。 -
transaction_serializable:当一个事务进行查询时，不允许任何对这个事务进行查询，就是把并行改成了串行。不提倡使用。
在spring框架中调用一个数据库事务处理分三步走：
- 第一步就是配置数据源就是配置数据库的名称和密码，地址等。
- 第二步就是声明事务管理transactionmanagerspring框架提供了platformtransactionmanager作为事务管理类的顶层接口，声明了初始化事务，提交事务，回滚事务等接口。接口实现由具体的数据库驱动类实现。具体包括datatransactionmanager等实现类。但是主要还是使用的是datatransactionmanager类。
- 定义可以执行事务的dao类dao提供了应用程序访问数据源必要的接口和方法。
spring 事务实现方式有哪些
编程式事务管理，
在代码中调用 commit()、rollback()等事务管理相关的方法
maven pom.xml文件
<dependency> <groupid>org.springframework</groupid> <artifactid>spring-beans</artifactid> <version>4.2.4.release</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework</groupid> <artifactid>spring-context</artifactid> <version>4.2.4.release</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework</groupid> <artifactid>spring-aop</artifactid> <version>4.2.4.release</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework</groupid> <artifactid>spring-tx</artifactid> <version>4.2.4.release</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupid>org.springframework</groupid> <artifactid>spring-jdbc</artifactid> <version>4.2.4.release</version> </dependency> <!-- mysql驱动 --> <dependency> <groupid>mysql</groupid> <artifactid>mysql-connector-java</artifactid> <version>5.1.18</version> </dependency>
编程式事务管理，可以通过 java.sql.connection 控制事务。spring 配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemalocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<bean id="driver" class="com.mysql.jdbc.driver"></bean>
<bean id="datasource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.simpledriverdatasource">
<constructor-arg index="0" name="driver" ref="driver" />
<constructor-arg index="1">
<value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</value>
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="2">
<value>root</value>
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="3">
<value>root</value>
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
</beans>
测试代码
package constxiong.interview.transaction;
import java.sql.connection;
import java.sql.resultset;
import java.sql.sqlexception;
import java.sql.statement;
import javax.sql.datasource;
import org.springframework.context.applicationcontext;
import org.springframework.context.support.classpathxmlapplicationcontext;
public class transactiontest {
public static void main(string[] args) throws exception {
testmanualtransaction();//测试函数式控制事务
}
private static void testmanualtransaction() throws sqlexception {
applicationcontext context = new classpathxmlapplicationcontext("spring_transaction.xml");
datasource ds = (datasource)context.getbean("datasource");
connection conn = ds.getconnection();
try {
inittable(conn);//初始化表
conn.setautocommit(false);//设置不自动提交事务
queryusers(conn);//查询打印用户表
deleteuser(conn);//删除 id=1 用户
conn.rollback();//回滚
queryusers(conn);//查询打印用户表
} finally {
conn.close();
}
}
private static void inittable(connection conn) throws sqlexception {
conn.createstatement().execute("drop table if exists user");
conn.createstatement().execute("create table user(id int, username varchar(60)) engine=innodb default charset=utf8 ");//是否支持事务与数据库引擎有关，此处删除 engine=innodb default charset=utf8 可能不支持事务
conn.createstatement().execute("insert into user values(1, 'user1')");
conn.createstatement().execute("insert into user values(2, 'user2')");
}
private static void deleteuser(connection conn) throws sqlexception {
conn.createstatement().execute("delete from user where id = 1");
}
private static void queryusers(connection conn) throws sqlexception {
statement st = conn.createstatement();
st.execute("select * from user");
resultset rs = st.getresultset();
while (rs.next()) {
system.out.print(rs.getstring("id"));
system.out.print(" ");
system.out.print(rs.getstring("username"));
system.out.println();
}
}
}
删除用户语句回滚，打印出两个用户
1 user1
2 user2
1 user1
2 user2
transactionproxyfactorybean 的声明式事务管理
新增 userdao 接口
package constxiong.interview.transaction;
import java.util.list;
import java.util.map;
public interface userdao {
/**
* 查询用户
* @return
*/
public list<map<string, object>> getusers();
/**
* 删除用户
* @param id
* @return
*/
public int deleteuser(int id);
}
新增 userdao 实现
package constxiong.interview.transaction;
import java.util.list;
import java.util.map;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.jdbcdaosupport;
public class userdaoimpl extends jdbcdaosupport implements userdao {
/**
* 查询用户
* @return
*/
public list<map<string, object>> getusers() {
string sql = "select * from user";
return this.getjdbctemplate().queryforlist(sql);
}
/**
* 删除用户
* @param id
* @return
*/
public int deleteuser(int id){
string sql = "delete from user where id = " + id;
int result = this.getjdbctemplate().update(sql);
if (id == 1) {
throw new runtimeexception();
}
return result;
}
}
修改 spring 配置文件，添加事务管理器 datasourcetransactionmanager 和事务代理类 transactionproxyfactorybean
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemalocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<bean id="driver" class="com.mysql.jdbc.driver"></bean>
<bean id="datasource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.simpledriverdatasource">
<constructor-arg index="0" name="driver" ref="driver" />
<constructor-arg index="1">
<value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</value>
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="2">
<value>root</value>
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="3">
<value>root</value>
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
<bean id="userdao" class="constxiong.interview.transaction.userdaoimpl">
<property name="datasource" ref="datasource"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 事务管理器 -->
<bean id="tracnsactionmanager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.datasourcetransactionmanager">
<property name="datasource" ref="datasource"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="userproxy" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.transactionproxyfactorybean">
<property name="transactionmanager" ref="tracnsactionmanager"></property>
<property name="target" ref="userdao"></property>
<property name="transactionattributes">
<props>
<!-- 主要 key 是方法
isolation_default 事务的隔离级别
propagation_required 传播行为
-->
<!-- -exception 表示发生指定异常回滚，+exception 表示发生指定异常提交 -->
<prop key="deleteuser">-java.lang.runtimeexception</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
测试代码
package constxiong.interview.transaction;
import java.util.map;
import org.springframework.context.applicationcontext;
import org.springframework.context.support.classpathxmlapplicationcontext;
public class transactiontest {
static applicationcontext context = new classpathxmlapplicationcontext("spring_transaction.xml");
public static void main(string[] args) throws exception {
testusetransactionproxy(); //测试使用 spring transactionproxyfactorybean
}
private static void testusetransactionproxy() {
final userdao userdao = (userdao)context.getbean("userproxy");
printusers(userdao);//打印用户
userdao.deleteuser(1);//删除 id=1 用户
}
private static void printusers(userdao userdao) {
for (map<string, object> user : userdao.getusers()) {
system.out.println(user);
}
}
}
结果输出
{id=1, username=user1}
{id=2, username=user2}
exception in thread "main" java.lang.runtimeexception
at constxiong.interview.transaction.userdaoimpl.deleteuser(userdaoimpl.java:28)
at sun.reflect.nativemethodaccessorimpl.invoke0(native method)
at sun.reflect.nativemethodaccessorimpl.invoke(nativemethodaccessorimpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.delegatingmethodaccessorimpl.invoke(delegatingmethodaccessorimpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.method.invoke(method.java:498)
at org.springframework.aop.support.aoputils.invokejoinpointusingreflection(aoputils.java:302)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.reflectivemethodinvocation.invokejoinpoint(reflectivemethodinvocation.java:190)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.reflectivemethodinvocation.proceed(reflectivemethodinvocation.java:157)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.transactioninterceptor$1.proceedwithinvocation(transactioninterceptor.java:99)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.transactionaspectsupport.invokewithintransaction(transactionaspectsupport.java:281)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.transactioninterceptor.invoke(transactioninterceptor.java:96)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.reflectivemethodinvocation.proceed(reflectivemethodinvocation.java:179)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.jdkdynamicaopproxy.invoke(jdkdynamicaopproxy.java:208)
at com.sun.proxy.$proxy3.deleteuser(unknown source)
at constxiong.interview.transaction.transactiontest.testusetransactionproxy(transactiontest.java:32)
at constxiong.interview.transaction.transactiontest.main(transactiontest.java:13)
注解 @transactional 的声明式事务管理
userdaoimpl 删除用户方法添加注解 @transactional(rollbackfor=runtimeexception.class) 出现 runtimeexception 回滚
package constxiong.interview.transaction;
import java.util.list;
import java.util.map;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.jdbcdaosupport;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.transactional;
public class userdaoimpl extends jdbcdaosupport implements userdao {
/**
* 查询用户
* @return
*/
public list<map<string, object>> getusers() {
string sql = "select * from user";
return this.getjdbctemplate().queryforlist(sql);
}
/**
* 删除用户
* @param id
* @return
*/
@transactional(rollbackfor=runtimeexception.class)
public int deleteuser(int id){
string sql = "delete from user where id = " + id;
int result = this.getjdbctemplate().update(sql);
if (id == 1) {
throw new runtimeexception();
}
return result;
}
}
修改 spring 配置文件，开启 spring 的事务注解能力
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemalocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<bean id="driver" class="com.mysql.jdbc.driver"></bean>
<bean id="datasource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.simpledriverdatasource">
<constructor-arg index="0" name="driver" ref="driver" />
<constructor-arg index="1">
<value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</value>
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="2">
<value>root</value>
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="3">
<value>root</value>
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
<bean id="userdao" class="constxiong.interview.transaction.userdaoimpl">
<property name="datasource" ref="datasource"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 事务管理器 -->
<bean id="tracnsactionmanager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.datasourcetransactionmanager">
<property name="datasource" ref="datasource"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 启用事务注解 -->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="tracnsactionmanager"/>
</beans>
测试代码
package constxiong.interview.transaction;
import java.util.map;
import org.springframework.context.applicationcontext;
import org.springframework.context.support.classpathxmlapplicationcontext;
public class transactiontest {
static applicationcontext context = new classpathxmlapplicationcontext("spring_transaction.xml");
public static void main(string[] args) throws exception {
testannotationtransaction();
}
private static void testannotationtransaction() {
userdao userdao = (userdao)context.getbean("userdao");
printusers(userdao);
userdao.deleteuser(1);
}
private static void printusers(userdao userdao) {
for (map<string, object> user : userdao.getusers()) {
system.out.println(user);
}
}
}
输出结果
{id=1, username=user1}
{id=2, username=user2}
exception in thread "main" java.lang.runtimeexception
at constxiong.interview.transaction.userdaoimpl.deleteuser(userdaoimpl.java:30)
at sun.reflect.nativemethodaccessorimpl.invoke0(native method)
at sun.reflect.nativemethodaccessorimpl.invoke(nativemethodaccessorimpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.delegatingmethodaccessorimpl.invoke(delegatingmethodaccessorimpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.method.invoke(method.java:498)
at org.springframework.aop.support.aoputils.invokejoinpointusingreflection(aoputils.java:302)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.reflectivemethodinvocation.invokejoinpoint(reflectivemethodinvocation.java:190)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.reflectivemethodinvocation.proceed(reflectivemethodinvocation.java:157)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.transactioninterceptor$1.proceedwithinvocation(transactioninterceptor.java:99)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.transactionaspectsupport.invokewithintransaction(transactionaspectsupport.java:281)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.transactioninterceptor.invoke(transactioninterceptor.java:96)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.reflectivemethodinvocation.proceed(reflectivemethodinvocation.java:179)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.jdkdynamicaopproxy.invoke(jdkdynamicaopproxy.java:208)
at com.sun.proxy.$proxy5.deleteuser(unknown source)
at constxiong.interview.transaction.transactiontest.testannotationtransaction(transactiontest.java:20)
at constxiong.interview.transaction.transactiontest.main(transactiontest.java:13)
aspectj aop 配置（注解）事务
maven pom.xml 添加 aspectj 的支持
<dependency>
<groupid>org.aspectj</groupid>
<artifactid>aspectjweaver</artifactid>
<version>1.8.13</version>
</dependency>
去除 userdaoimpl 注解@transactional(rollbackfor=runtimeexception.class)
package constxiong.interview.transaction;
import java.util.list;
import java.util.map;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.jdbcdaosupport;
public class userdaoimpl extends jdbcdaosupport implements userdao {
/**
* 查询用户
* @return
*/
public list<map<string, object>> getusers() {
string sql = "select * from user";
return this.getjdbctemplate().queryforlist(sql);
}
/**
* 删除用户
* @param id
* @return
*/
public int deleteuser(int id){
string sql = "delete from user where id = " + id;
int result = this.getjdbctemplate().update(sql);
if (id == 1) {
throw new runtimeexception();
}
return result;
}
}
修改 spring 配置文件，织入切面
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemalocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<bean id="driver" class="com.mysql.jdbc.driver"></bean>
<bean id="datasource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.simpledriverdatasource">
<constructor-arg index="0" name="driver" ref="driver" />
<constructor-arg index="1">
<value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</value>
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="2">
<value>root</value>
</constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="3">
<value>root</value>
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
<bean id="userdao" class="constxiong.interview.transaction.userdaoimpl">
<property name="datasource" ref="datasource"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 事务管理器 -->
<bean id="tracnsactionmanager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.datasourcetransactionmanager">
<property name="datasource" ref="datasource"></property>
</bean>
<tx:advice id="txadvice" transaction-manager="tracnsactionmanager">
<tx:attributes>
<!-- 为连接点指定事务属性 -->
<tx:method name="deleteuser" rollback-for="java.lang.runtimeexception"/>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<aop:config>
<!-- 切入点配置 -->
<aop:pointcut id="point" expression="execution(* *constxiong.interview.transaction.userdao.deleteuser(..))" />
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txadvice" pointcut-ref="point"/>
</aop:config>
</beans>
测试代码
package constxiong.interview.transaction;
import java.util.map;
import org.springframework.context.applicationcontext;
import org.springframework.context.support.classpathxmlapplicationcontext;
public class transactiontest {
static applicationcontext context = new classpathxmlapplicationcontext("spring_transaction.xml");
public static void main(string[] args) throws exception {
testaspectjtransaction();
}
private static void testaspectjtransaction() {
userdao userdao = (userdao)context.getbean("userdao");
printusers(userdao);
userdao.deleteuser(1);
}
private static void printusers(userdao userdao) {
for (map<string, object> user : userdao.getusers()) {
system.out.println(user);
}
}
}
输出结果
{id=1, username=user1}
{id=2, username=user2}
exception in thread "main" java.lang.runtimeexception
at constxiong.interview.transaction.userdaoimpl.deleteuser(userdaoimpl.java:28)
at sun.reflect.nativemethodaccessorimpl.invoke0(native method)
at sun.reflect.nativemethodaccessorimpl.invoke(nativemethodaccessorimpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.delegatingmethodaccessorimpl.invoke(delegatingmethodaccessorimpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.method.invoke(method.java:498)
at org.springframework.aop.support.aoputils.invokejoinpointusingreflection(aoputils.java:302)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.reflectivemethodinvocation.invokejoinpoint(reflectivemethodinvocation.java:190)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.reflectivemethodinvocation.proceed(reflectivemethodinvocation.java:157)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.transactioninterceptor$1.proceedwithinvocation(transactioninterceptor.java:99)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.transactionaspectsupport.invokewithintransaction(transactionaspectsupport.java:281)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.transactioninterceptor.invoke(transactioninterceptor.java:96)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.reflectivemethodinvocation.proceed(reflectivemethodinvocation.java:179)
at org.springframework.aop.interceptor.exposeinvocationinterceptor.invoke(exposeinvocationinterceptor.java:92)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.reflectivemethodinvocation.proceed(reflectivemethodinvocation.java:179)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.jdkdynamicaopproxy.invoke(jdkdynamicaopproxy.java:208)
at com.sun.proxy.$proxy2.deleteuser(unknown source)
at constxiong.interview.transaction.transactiontest.testannotationtransaction(transactiontest.java:20)
at constxiong.interview.transaction.transactiontest.main(transactiontest.java:13)
ps：
这篇仅用事务回滚为例，了解 spring 事务控制，还需要关注数据库的acid四种特性、事务传播特性、事务的隔离级别（脏读、不可重复读、幻读）。
以上为个人经验，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持。
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