MongoDB快速入门笔记(六)之MongoDB的文档修改操作
mongodb
mongodb 是一个开源的文档数据库,并领先的 nosql 数据库。 mongodb 是由 c++语言编写。
文档
文档是一组键 - 值对。文件动态模式。动态模式是指,在相同集合中的文档不需要具有相同的字段或结构组的公共字段的集合的文档,可以容纳不同类型的数据。
db.集合名称.update({query},{update},upsert, multi})
query:过滤条件
update:修改内容
upsert:如果不存在查询条件查出的记录,是否插入一条数据,默认是false
multi:是否只修改查询条件查出的第一条记录,默认是false
> db.student.update({_id:1}, {name:"zhang"}) writeresult({ "nmatched" : 1, "nupserted" : 0, "nmodified" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhang" } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
把整条数据都修改了,如果修改内容中没有设置age字段,则以前的age也取消了,数据全部修改
局部修改
$set:如果存在键则修改,如果不存在键则添加
> db.student.update({_id: 1},{$set:{name:"zhangsan", age: 26}}) writeresult({ "nmatched" : 1, "nupserted" : 0, "nmodified" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
id重复时无法修改
> db.student.update({_id:1},{_id:0, name:"zhangsanzhangsan"}) writeresult({ "nmatched" : 0, "nupserted" : 0, "nmodified" : 0, "writeerror" : { "code" : 16837, "errmsg" : "the _id field cannot be changed from {_id: 1.0} to {_id: 0.0}." } }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 }
第三个参数默认为false,如果查不到数据false时不执行任何操作,true时往数据库里新插入一条数据
> db.student.update({_id:7},{_id:7, name: "songjiu", age:32}) writeresult({ "nmatched" : 0, "nupserted" : 0, "nmodified" : 0 }) > db.student.update({_id:7},{_id:7, name: "songjiu"}, true) writeresult({ "nmatched" : 0, "nupserted" : 1, "nmodified" : 0, "_id" : 7 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "age" : 32 }
第四个参数默认为false,false时表示只修改查询到的第一条数据,true时表示修改查询到的所有数据
> db.student.update({age:32}, {$set:{age:33}}, false, false) writeresult({ "nmatched" : 1, "nupserted" : 0, "nmodified" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "age" : 32 } > db.student.update({age:33}, {$set:{age:32}}, false, true) writeresult({ "nmatched" : 2, "nupserted" : 0, "nmodified" : 2 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "age" : 32 } > db.student.update({age:32}, {$set:{age:33}}) writeresult({ "nmatched" : 1, "nupserted" : 0, "nmodified" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "age" : 32 }
$inc:在原来的基础上加多少
> db.student.update({_id:7}, {$inc:{age:-1}}) writeresult({ "nmatched" : 1, "nupserted" : 0, "nmodified" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "age" : 31 }
$unset:去掉某个键
> db.student.update({_id:7},{$unset:{age:1}}) writeresult({ "nmatched" : 1, "nupserted" : 0, "nmodified" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu" }
针对数组类型的操作
$push:当数据中不存在键时,创建数组类型的键并插入该值;如果存在该键,并且该键是数组类型时,则在此数组类型的数据上追加;如果存在该键,并且该键不是数组类型时,会报错。
$pushall:批量往数组中追加
$addtoset:数组中有该值时不追加,没有该值时追加
> db.student.update({_id: 7},{$push:{skill:"java"}}) writeresult({ "nmatched" : 1, "nupserted" : 0, "nmodified" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "skill" : [ "java" ] } > db.student.update({_id: 7},{$push:{skill:"mongodb"}}) writeresult({ "nmatched" : 1, "nupserted" : 0, "nmodified" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "skill" : [ "java", "mongodb" ] } > db.student.update({_id: 7},{$push:{name:"111"}}) writeresult({ "nmatched" : 0, "nupserted" : 0, "nmodified" : 0, "writeerror" : { "code" : 16837, "errmsg" : "the field 'name' must be an array but is of type string in document {_id: 7.0}" } }) > db.student.update({_id: 7},{$pushall:{skill:["js","c++","java"]}}) writeresult({ "nmatched" : 1, "nupserted" : 0, "nmodified" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "skill" : [ "java", "mongodb", "js", "c++", "java" ] } > db.student.update({_id:7},{$addtoset:{skill:"mongodb"}}) writeresult({ "nmatched" : 1, "nupserted" : 0, "nmodified" : 0 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "skill" : [ "java", "mongodb", "js", "c++", "java" ] }
$pop:删除数组的第一个或最后一个元素,值为-1时是删除第一个元素,值为1时是删除最后一个元素。
$pull:删除数组中的某一个指定的数值
$pullall:删除数组中多个指定的数值
> db.student.update({_id:7},{$pop:{skill:1}}) writeresult({ "nmatched" : 1, "nupserted" : 0, "nmodified" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "skill" : [ "java", "mongodb", "js", "c++" ] } > db.student.update({_id:7},{$pop:{skill:-1}}) writeresult({ "nmatched" : 1, "nupserted" : 0, "nmodified" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "skill" : [ "mongodb", "js", "c++" ] } > db.student.update({_id:7},{$pull:{skill:"js"}}) writeresult({ "nmatched" : 1, "nupserted" : 0, "nmodified" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "skill" : [ "mongodb", "c++" ] } > db.student.update({_id:7},{$pullall:{skill:["js"]}}) writeresult({ "nmatched" : 1, "nupserted" : 0, "nmodified" : 0 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "skill" : [ "mongodb", "c++" ] } > db.student.update({_id:7},{$pullall:{skill:["mongodb","c++"]}}) writeresult({ "nmatched" : 1, "nupserted" : 0, "nmodified" : 1 }) > db.student.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 26 } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 27 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "zhaoliu", "age" : 28 } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "qianliu", "age" : 33 } { "_id" : 6, "name" : "sunba", "age" : 32 } { "_id" : 7, "name" : "songjiu", "skill" : [ ] }
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