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asp.net三层架构详解

程序员文章站 2022-04-12 21:15:06
  /*==============================================================*/ /* DBMS name:&...

 
/*==============================================================*/
/* DBMS name:      Microsoft SQL Server 2000                    */
/*==============================================================*/
 
 
if exists (select 1
            from sysobjects
           where id = object_id('newsContent')
            and   type = 'U')
   drop table newsContent
go
 
 
/*==============================================================*/
/* Table: newsContent                                            */
/*==============================================================*/
create table newsContent (
   ID           int              identity(1,1)   primary key,
   Title          nvarchar(50)     not null,
   Content       ntext            not null,
   AddDate      datetime         not null,
  CategoryID    int              not null
)
go
 
 
 
 
二、项目文件架构
实现步骤为:4-3-6-5-2-1
 
ID 
项目 
描述 
用途 
项目引用关系 
实例所需文件 
相关方法
 

Web 
表现层 
Web页和控件 
引用BLL 
WebUI.aspx
WebUI.aspx.cs 
 
GetContent()
 

BLL 
业务逻辑层 
业务逻辑组件 
引用 IDAL,Model,使用DALFactory创建实例 
Content.cs 
ContentInfo GetContentInfo(int id)
 

IDAL 
数据访问层接口定义 
每个DAL实现都要实现的一组接口 
引用 Model 
IContent.cs 
ContentInfo GetContentInfo(int id)
 

Model 
业务实体 
传递各种数据的容器 
无引用 
ContentInfo.cs 
 
 

DALFactory 
数据层的抽象工厂 
创建反射,用来确定加载哪一个数据库访问程序集的类 
引用IDAL,通过读取web.config里设置的程序集,加载类的实例,返回给BLL使用。 
Content.cs 
IDAL.Icontent create()
 

SQLServerDAL 
SQLServer数据访问层 
Microsoft SQL Server特定的Pet Shop DAL实现,使用了IDAL接口 
引用 Model和IDAL,被DALFactory加载的程序集,实现接口里的方法。 
SqlHelper.cs
 
 
 
Content.cs 
SqlDataReader ExecuteReader()
PrepareCommand()
ContentInfo GetContentInfo(int id)
 
OracleDAL 
Oracle数据访问层    
 

DBUtility 
数据库访问组件基础类 
GetSqlServerConnectionString得到数据库连接字符串,也可省去该项目,在SQLServerDAL.SqlHelper中用static readonly string SqlConnectionString代替。 
无引用 
  
 
 
实现步骤过程
1、创建Model,实现业务实体。
2、创建IDAL,实现接口。
3、创建SQLServerDAL,实现接口里的方法。
4、增加web.config里的配置信息,为SQLServerDAL的程序集。
5、创建DALFactory,返回程序集的指定类的实例。
6、创建BLL,调用DALFactory,得到程序集指定类的实例,完成数据操作方法。
7、创建WEB,调用BLL里的数据操作方法。
注意:
1、web.config里的程序集名称必须与SQLServerDAL里的输出程序集名称一致。
2、DALFactory里只需要一个DataAccess类,可以完成创建所有的程序集实例。
3、项目创建后,注意修改各项目的默认命名空间和程序集名称。
4、注意修改解决方案里的项目依赖。
5、注意在解决方案里增加各项目引用。
 
三、各层间的访问过程
1、传入值,将值进行类型转换(为整型)。
2、创建BLL层的content.cs对象c,通过对象c访问BLL层的方法GetContentInfo(ID)调用BLL层。
3、BLL层方法GetContentInfo(ID)中取得数据访问层SQLServerDAL的实例,实例化IDAL层的接口对象dal,这个对象是由工厂层DALFactory创建的,然后返回IDAL层传入值所查找的内容的方法dal.GetContentInfo(id)。
4、数据工厂通过web.config配置文件中给定的webdal字串访问SQLServerDAL层,返回一个完整的调用SQLServerDAL层的路径给 BLL层。
5、到此要调用SQLServerDAL层,SQLServerDAL层完成赋值Model层的对象值为空,给定一个参数,调用SQLServerDAL层的SqlHelper的ExecuteReader方法,读出每个字段的数据赋值给以定义为空的Model层的对象。
6、SqlHelper执行sql命令,返回一个指定连接的数据库记录集,在这里需要引用参数类型,提供为打开连接命令执行做好准备PrepareCommand。
7、返回Model层把查询得到的一行记录值赋值给SQLServerDAL层的引入的Model层的对象ci,然后把这个对象返回给BLL。
8、回到Web层的BLL层的方法调用,把得到的对象值赋值给Lable标签,在前台显示给界面
 
四、项目中的文件清单
 
1、DBUtility项目
(1)connectionInfo.cs
 
using System;
using System.Configuration;
 
namespace Utility
{
       /// <summary>
       /// ConnectionInfo 的摘要说明。
       /// </summary>
       public class ConnectionInfo
       {
              public static string GetSqlServerConnectionString()
              {
                     return ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["SQLConnString"];
              }
       }
}
 
 
2、SQLServerDAL项目
(1)SqlHelper.cs抽象类
 
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using DBUtility;
 
namespace SQLServerDAL
{
       /// <summary>
       /// SqlHelper 的摘要说明。
       /// </summary>
       public abstract class SqlHelper
       {
              public static readonly string CONN_STR = ConnectionInfo.GetSqlServerConnectionString();
 
              /// <summary>
              /// 用提供的函数,执行SQL命令,返回一个从指定连接的数据库记录集
              /// </summary>
              /// <remarks>
              /// 例如:
              /// SqlDataReader r = ExecuteReader(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "PublishOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24));
              /// </remarks>
              /// <param name="connectionString">SqlConnection有效的SQL连接字符串</param>
              /// <param name="commandType">CommandType:CommandType.Text、CommandType.StoredProcedure</param>
              /// <param name="commandText">SQL语句或存储过程</param>
              /// <param name="commandParameters">SqlParameter[]参数数组</param>
              /// <returns>SqlDataReader:执行结果的记录集</returns>
              public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(string connString, CommandType cmdType, string cmdText, params SqlParameter[] cmdParms)
              {
                     SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
                     SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connString);
 
                     // 我们在这里用 try/catch 是因为如果这个方法抛出异常,我们目的是关闭数据库连接,再抛出异常,
                     // 因为这时不会有DataReader存在,此后commandBehaviour.CloseConnection将不会工作。
                     try
                     {
                            PrepareCommand(cmd, conn, null, cmdType, cmdText, cmdParms);
                            SqlDataReader rdr = cmd.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.CloseConnection);
                            cmd.Parameters.Clear();
                            return rdr;
                     }
                     catch
                     {
                            conn.Close();
                            throw;
                     }
              }
 
 
              /// <summary>
              /// 为执行命令做好准备:打开数据库连接,命令语句,设置命令类型(SQL语句或存储过程),函数语取。
              /// </summary>
              /// <param name="cmd">SqlCommand 组件</param>
              /// <param name="conn">SqlConnection 组件</param>
              /// <param name="trans">SqlTransaction 组件,可以为null</param>
              /// <param name="cmdType">语句类型:CommandType.Text、CommandType.StoredProcedure</param>
              /// <param name="cmdText">SQL语句,可以为存储过程</param>
              /// <param name="cmdParms">SQL参数数组</param>
              private static void PrepareCommand(SqlCommand cmd, SqlConnection conn, SqlTransaction trans, CommandType cmdType, string cmdText, SqlParameter[] cmdParms)
              {
 
                     if (conn.State != ConnectionState.Open)
                            conn.Open();
 
                     cmd.Connection = conn;
                     cmd.CommandText = cmdText;
 
                     if (trans != null)
                            cmd.Transaction = trans;
 
                     cmd.CommandType = cmdType;
 
                     if (cmdParms != null)
                     {
                            foreach (SqlParameter parm in cmdParms)
                                   cmd.Parameters.Add(parm);
                     }
              }
       }
}
 
 
(2)Content.cs类
 
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using Model;
using IDAL;
 
namespace SQLServerDAL
{
       /// <summary>
       /// Content 的摘要说明。
       /// </summary>
       public class Content:IContent
       {
 
              private const string PARM_ID = "@ID";
              private const string SQL_SELECT_CONTENT = "Select ID, Title, Content, AddDate, CategoryID From newsContent Where ID = @ID";
 
 
              public ContentInfo GetContentInfo(int id)
              {
                     //创意文章内容类
                     ContentInfo ci = null;
 
                     //创建一个参数
                     SqlParameter parm = new SqlParameter(PARM_ID, SqlDbType.BigInt, 8);
                     //赋上ID值
                     parm.Value = id;
 
                     using(SqlDataReader sdr = SqlHelper.ExecuteReader(SqlHelper.CONN_STR, CommandType.Text, SQL_SELECT_CONTENT, parm))
                     {
                            if(sdr.Read())
                            {
                                   ci = new ContentInfo(sdr.GetInt32(0),sdr.GetString(1), sdr.GetString(2),
                                          sdr.GetDateTime(3), sdr.GetInt32(4), sdr.GetInt32(5), sdr.GetString(6));
                            }
                     }
                     return ci;
              }
       }
}
 
 
 
 
3、Model项目
(1)contentInfo.cs
 
using System;
 
namespace Model
{
       /// <summary>
       /// Class1 的摘要说明。
       /// </summary>
       public class ContentInfo
       {
              private int _ID;
              private string _Content;
              private string _Title;
              private string _From;
              private DateTime _AddDate;
              private int _clsID;
              private int _tmpID;
 
              /// <summary>
              /// 文章内容构造函数
              /// </summary>
              /// <param name="id">文章流水号ID</param>
              /// <param name="content">文章内容</param>
              /// <param name="title">文章标题</param>
              /// <param name="from">文章来源</param>
              /// <param name="clsid">文章的分类属性ID</param>
              /// <param name="tmpid">文章的模板属性ID</param>
              public ContentInfo(int id,string title,string content,string from,DateTime addDate,int clsid,int tmpid )
              {
                     this._ID = id;
                     this._Content = content;
                     this._Title = title;
                     this._From = from;
                     this._AddDate = addDate;
                     this._clsID = clsid;
                     this._tmpID = tmpid;
              }
 
 
              //属性
              public int ID
              {
                     get   { return _ID; }
              }
              public string Content
              {
                     get   { return _Content; }
              }
              public string Title
              {
                     get   { return _Title; }
              }
              public string From
              {
                     get   { return _From; }
              }
              public DateTime AddDate
              {
                     get   { return _AddDate; }
              }
              public int ClsID
              {
                     get   { return _clsID; }
              }
              public int TmpID
              {
                     get   { return _tmpID; }
              }
 
 
 
       }
}
 
 
4、IDAL项目
(1)Icontent.cs
 
using System;
using Model;
 
namespace IDAL
{
       /// <summary>
       /// 文章内容操作接口
       /// </summary>
       public interface IContent
       {
              /// <summary>
              /// 取得文章的内容。
              /// </summary>
              /// <param name="id">文章的ID</param>
              /// <returns></returns>
              ContentInfo GetContentInfo(int id);
       }
}
 
 
 
5、DALFactory项目
(1)Content.cs
 
using System;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Configuration;
using IDAL;
 
namespace DALFactory
{
       /// <summary>
       /// 工产模式实现文章接口。
       /// </summary>
       public class Content
       {
              public static IDAL.IContent Create()
              {
                     // 这里可以查看 DAL 接口类。
                     string path = System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["WebDAL"].ToString();
                     string className = path+".Content";
                   
                     // 用配置文件指定的类组合
                     return (IDAL.IContent)Assembly.Load(path).CreateInstance(className);
              }
       }
}
 
 
 
6、BLL项目
(1)Content.cs
 
using System;
 
using Model;
using IDAL;
 
namespace BLL
{
       /// <summary>
       /// Content 的摘要说明。
       /// </summary>
       public class Content
       {
 
              public ContentInfo GetContentInfo(int id)
              {
 
                     // 取得从数据访问层取得一个文章内容实例
                     IContent dal = DALFactory.Content.Create();
 
                     // 用DAL查找文章内容
                     return dal.GetContentInfo(id);
              }
       }
}
 
 
 
 
7、Web项目
1、Web.config:
 
  <appSettings> 
<add key="SQLConnString" value="Data Source=localhost;Persist Security info=True;Initial Catalog=newsDB;User ID=sa;Password= " />
    <add key="WebDAL" value="SQLServerDAL" />  
 </appSettings>
 
2、WebUI.aspx
 
<%@ Page language="c#" Codebehind="WebUI.aspx.cs" AutoEventWireup="false" Inherits="Web.WebUI" %>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" >
<HTML>
       <HEAD>
              <title>WebUI</title>
              <meta name="GENERATOR" Content="Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 7.1">
              <meta name="CODE_LANGUAGE" Content="C#">
              <meta name="vs_defaultClientScript" content="JavaScript">
              <meta name="vs_targetSchema" content="http://schemas.microsoft.com/intellisense/ie5">
       </HEAD>
       <body MS_POSITIONING="GridLayout">
              <form id="Form1" method="post" runat="server">
                     <FONT">宋体"></FONT>
                     <table width="600" border="1">
                            <tr>
                                   <td style="WIDTH: 173px">&nbsp;</td>
                                   <td>&nbsp;
                                          <asp:Label id="lblTitle" runat="server"></asp:Label></td>
                            </tr>
                            <tr>
                                   <td style="WIDTH: 173px; HEIGHT: 22px">&nbsp;</td>
                                   <td style="HEIGHT: 22px">&nbsp;
                                          <asp:Label id="lblDataTime" runat="server"></asp:Label></td>
                            </tr>
                            <tr>
                                   <td style="WIDTH: 173px">&nbsp;</td>
                                   <td>&nbsp;
                                          <asp:Label id="lblContent" runat="server"></asp:Label></td>
                            </tr>
                            <tr>
                                   <td style="WIDTH: 173px">&nbsp;</td>
                                   <td>&nbsp;</td>
                            </tr>
                            <tr>
                                   <td style="WIDTH: 173px; HEIGHT: 23px">&nbsp;</td>
                                   <td style="HEIGHT: 23px">&nbsp;</td>
                            </tr>
                            <tr>
                                   <td style="WIDTH: 173px">&nbsp;</td>
                                   <td>&nbsp;</td>
                            </tr>
                            <tr>
                                   <td style="WIDTH: 173px">&nbsp;</td>
                                   <td>&nbsp;</td>
                            </tr>
                            <tr>
                                   <td style="WIDTH: 173px">&nbsp;</td>
                                   <td>&nbsp;</td>
                            </tr>
                            <tr>
                                   <td style="WIDTH: 173px">&nbsp;</td>
                                   <td>&nbsp;
                                          <asp:Label id="lblMsg" runat="server">Label</asp:Label></td>
                            </tr>
                     </table>
              </form>
       </body>
</HTML>
 
 
 
 
 
 
3、WebUI.aspx.cs后台调用显示:
 
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.SessionState;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
 
using BLL;
using Model;
 
namespace myWeb
{
       /// <summary>
       /// WebForm1 的摘要说明。
       /// </summary>
       public class WebUI : System.Web.UI.Page
       {
              protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.Label lblTitle;
              protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.Label lblDataTime;
              protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.Label lblContent;
              protected System.Web.UI.WebControls.Label lblMsg;
 
              private ContentInfo ci ;
 
 
              private void Page_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
              {
                     if(!Page.IsPostBack)
                     {
                            GetContent("1");
                     }
              }
 
              private void GetContent(string id)
              {
                     int ID = WebComponents.CleanString.GetInt(id);
            
                     Content c = new Content();
                     ci = c.GetContentInfo(ID);
                     if(ci!=null)
                     {
                            this.lblTitle.Text = ci.Title;
                            this.lblDataTime.Text = ci.AddDate.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd");
                            this.lblContent.Text = ci.Content;
                     }
                     else
                     {
                            this.lblMsg.Text = "没有找到这篇文章";
                     }
              }
 
              #region Web 窗体设计器生成的代码
              override protected void OnInit(EventArgs e)
              {
                     //
                     // CODEGEN: 该调用是 ASP.NET Web 窗体设计器所必需的。
                     //
                     InitializeComponent();
                     base.OnInit(e);
              }
            
              /// <summary>
              /// 设计器支持所需的方法 - 不要使用代码编辑器修改
              /// 此方法的内容。
              /// </summary>
              private void InitializeComponent()
              {  
                     this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.Page_Load);
 
              }
              #endregion
       }
}
 
 
 
4、WebComponents项目
(1)CleanString.cs
 
using System;
using System.Text;
 
namespace myWeb.WebComponents
{
       /// <summary>
       /// CleanString 的摘要说明。
       /// </summary>
       public class CleanString
       {
 
              public static int GetInt(string inputString)
              {
                     try
                     {
                            return Convert.ToInt32(inputString);
                     }
                     catch
                     {
                            return 0;
                     }
 
              }
 
 
              public static string InputText(string inputString, int maxLength)
              {
                     StringBuilder retVal = new StringBuilder();
 
                     // check incoming parameters for null or blank string
                     if ((inputString != null) && (inputString != String.Empty))
                     {
                            inputString = inputString.Trim();
 
                            //chop the string incase the client-side max length
                            //fields are bypassed to prevent buffer over-runs
                            if (inputString.Length > maxLength)
                                   inputString = inputString.Substring(0, maxLength);
 
                            //convert some harmful symbols incase the regular
                            //expression validators are changed
                            for (int i = 0; i < inputString.Length; i++)
                            {
                                   switch (inputString[i])
                                   {
                                          case '"':
                                                 retVal.Append("&quot;");
                                                 break;
                                          case '<':
                                                 retVal.Append("&lt;");
                                                 break;
                                          case '>':
                                                 retVal.Append("&gt;");
                                                 break;
                                          default:
                                                 retVal.Append(inputString[i]);
                                                 break;
                                   }
                            }
 
                            // Replace single quotes with white space
                            retVal.Replace("'", " ");
                     }
 
                     return retVal.ToString();
                   
              }
              
       }

 

 
/*==============================================================*/
/* DBMS name:      Microsoft SQL Server 2000                    */
/*==============================================================*/
 
 
if exists (select 1
            from sysobjects
           where id = object_id('newsContent')
            and   type = 'U')
   drop table newsContent
go
 
 
/*==============================================================*/
/* Table: newsContent                                            */
/*==============================================================*/
create table newsContent (
   ID           int              identity(1,1)   primary key,
   Title          nvarchar(50)     not null,
   Content       ntext            not null,
   AddDate      datetime         not null,
  CategoryID    int              not null
)
go
 
 
 
 
二、项目文件架构
实现步骤为:4-3-6-5-2-1
 
ID 
项目 
描述 
用途 
项目引用关系 
实例所需文件 
相关方法