mysql 插入表情出错问题解决
前言：手机app应用评论的时候，恢复表情符号，提示失败。
1，查看tomcat后台日志，核心报错信息如下：
Caused by: java.sql.SQLException: Incorrect string value: '\xF0\x9F\x98\x97\xF0\x9F...' for column 'CONTENT' at row 1
at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:1074)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.checkErrorPacket(MysqlIO.java:4096)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.checkErrorPacket(MysqlIO.java:4028)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sendCommand(MysqlIO.java:2490)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sqlQueryDirect(MysqlIO.java:2651)
at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.execSQL(ConnectionImpl.java:2734)
at com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeInternal(PreparedStatement.java:2155)
at com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.execute(PreparedStatement.java:1379)
at org.apache.commons.dbcp.DelegatingPreparedStatement.execute(DelegatingPreparedStatement.java:172)
at org.apache.commons.dbcp.DelegatingPreparedStatement.execute(DelegatingPreparedStatement.java:172)
at com.ibatis.sqlmap.engine.execution.SqlExecutor.executeUpdate(SqlExecutor.java:80)
at com.ibatis.sqlmap.engine.mapping.statement.MappedStatement.sqlExecuteUpdate(MappedStatement.java:216)
at com.ibatis.sqlmap.engine.mapping.statement.MappedStatement.executeUpdate(MappedStatement.java:94)
... 46 more
[root@mysqlvm2 ~]# mysql -root -p
mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
Ignoring query to other database
mysql> Ctrl-C -- exit!
Aborted
忘记输入-u参数了，冲洗你输入，OK，如下所示：
[root@mysqlvm2 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.6.12-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+------------------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+------------------------+
| c |
| lubin_test |
| test |
| tt |
+------------------------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
这种输入Incorrect string value: '\xF0\x9F\x98\x97\xF0\x9F...'的问题，多数都是字符集的，以前从latain改成gbk，从gbk改成utf8，而我的CONTENT字段已经utf8了，那么比utf8更多的就只有utf8mb4了，所以去修改表字段的字符集吧。
mysql>
2，先去修改表字段字符集为utf8mb4：
ALTER TABLE UGC_REVIEW_CONTENT MODIFY `CONTENT` TEXT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci COMMENT '评论内容';
执行完后，再在手机端的app测试，依然报同样的错误。
3，再去修改表字符集utf8mb4：
ALTER TABLE UGC_REVIEW_CONTENT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COMMENT='晒单/推荐的评论内容';
执行完后，再在手机端的app测试，依然报同样的错误。
4，再去修改数据库的字符集utf8mb4:
vim my.cnf
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
character-set-server=utf8mb4
或者像下面这样设置
[mysqld]
character-set-server=utf8mb4
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8mb4
重启mysql数据库
[root@mysqlvm4 ~]# service mysql restart
Shutting down MySQL.... [确定]
Starting MySQL.............................................[确定]..
[root@mysqlvm4 ~]#
查看db的字符集
mysql> show variables like '%char%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_connection | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_database | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_server | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
在手机app端重新评论，输入表情符号，点击提交提示评论成功。
5，问题分析总结：
㈠ 原因
普通的字符串或者表情都是占位3个字节，所以utf8足够用了，但是移动端的表情符号占位是4个字节，普通的utf8就不够用了，为了应对无线互联网的机遇和挑战、避免 emoji 表情符号带来的问题、涉及无线相关的 MySQL 数据库建议都提前采用 utf8mb4 字符集，这必须要作为移动互联网行业的一个技术选型的要点
㈡ 限制
需要 >= MySQL 5.5.3版本、从库也必须是5.5的了、低版本不支持这个字符集、复制报错。[mysqld]character-set-server=utf8mb4
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8mb4