hibernate入门Unable to create requested service [org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.env.spi.JdbcEnvironment]

hibernate一般必要的步骤:导入jar包,设置配置文件,编写程序

1、jar包,先要导入数据库的驱动包，之后是hibernate必要的包，最后导入日志包

 2、设置配置文件

    首先Java的Bean对象需要设置映射文件，一般为xml文件，命名格式一般为XXX.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
	<!-- 配置类和表结构的映射 -->
	<class name="com.itheima.domain.Customer" table="cst_customer">
		<!-- 配置id
				name属性,Javabean的属性
				column属性,是表结构的字段
		 -->
		 <id name="cust_id" column="cust_id">
		 	<!-- 主键的生成策略 -->
		 	<generator class="native"></generator>
		 </id>
		 <!-- 配置其他属性 -->
		 <property name="cust_name" column="cust_name"/>
		 <property name="cust_user_id" column="cust_user_id"/>
		 <property name="cust_create_id" column="cust_create_id"/>
		 
		 <property name="cust_source" column="cust_source"/>
		 <property name="cust_industry" column="cust_industry"/>
		 <property name="cust_level" column="cust_level"/>
		 <property name="cust_linkman" column="cust_linkman"/>
		 
		 <property name="cust_phone" column="cust_phone"/>
		 <property name="cust_mobile" column="cust_mobile"/>
		 
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

之后是需要配置hibernate的配置文件这个是必要的

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- 规则 -->
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
	"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
	"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<!-- 如果不能上网，编写配置文件是没有提示的，需要自己来配置  先复制http://www.... -> window -> 
	preferences -> 搜索xml -> 选择xml catalog -> 点击add -> 现在URI -> 粘贴复制的地址 ->
	 选择location，选择本地的DTD的路径 -->

<hibernate-configuration>
	<!-- 记住:先配置SessionFactory标签,一个数据库对应一个SessionFactory标签 -->
	<session-factory>
		<!-- 必须要配置的有5个,4大参数,数据库方言 -->
		<!-- 四大参数 -->
			<!-- 驱动 -->
			<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
			<!-- 数据库地址 -->
			<property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/hibernate_day01</property>
			<!-- 数据库用户名 -->
			<property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property>
			<!-- 数据库密码 -->
			<property name="hibernate.connection.password">root</property>
		
		<!-- 数据库的方言 -->
		<property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect</property>
		
		<!-- 可选配置,以后慢慢添加 -->
		
		<!-- 映射配置文件,需要引入的配置文件(注意这里包之间用的是“/”) -->
		<mapping resource="com/itheima/domain/Customer.hbm.xml"/>
		
	</session-factory>
	
</hibernate-configuration>

3、编写程序就不用说了，这里先说一下编写的一个小小测试类吧

     /**一般步骤都如下：

* 1.先加载配置文件
* 2.创建SessionFactory对象,生成Session对象
* 3.创建Session对象
* 4.开启事务
* 5.编写保存代码
* 6.提交事务(事务回滚)
* 7.释放资源

*/

测试类如下：

package com.itheima.test;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

import com.itheima.domain.Customer;

/**
 * 测试hibernate框架
 * @author BABY
 *
 */
public class Demo1 {
	/**
	 * 测试保存客户
	 */
	private static void testAdd() {
		/**
		 * 1.先加载配置文件
		 * 2.创建SessionFactory对象,生成Session对象
		 * 3.创建Session对象
		 * 4.开启事务
		 * 5.编写保存代码
		 * 6.提交事务(事务回滚)
		 * 7.释放资源
		 */
		//1.加载配置文件
		Configuration conf = new Configuration();
		//设置配置文件,默认加载src目录下的hibernate.cfg.xml的配置文件		
		conf.configure();    //这个一定要有，一点更要注意，否则会出现配置文件无法加载的问题，下面给个例子
		//2.建立SessionFactory对象
		SessionFactory factory = conf.buildSessionFactory();
		//3.打开session对象
		Session session = factory.openSession();
		//4.开启事务
		Transaction btr = session.beginTransaction();
		
		//5.编写保存代码
		Customer c = new Customer();
		c.setCust_level("20");
		c.setCust_name("测试一下");
		c.setCust_phone("12121212");
		c.setCust_industry("这是什么?");
		//5.1保存
		session.save(c);
		//6.提交事物
		btr.commit();
		//7.释放资源(session,SessionFactory)
		session.close();
		factory.close();
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		testAdd();
	}
}

Configuration conf = new Configuration();
//设置配置文件,默认加载src目录下的hibernate.cfg.xml的配置文件		
conf.configure();    //这个一定要有，一点更要注意，否则会出现配置文件无法加载的问题，下面给个例子
//如果少了.configure();就会出现下面的异常，

//如果不使用configure()方法,这时hibernate会在classpath下面寻找hibernate.properties文件， 如果没有找到该文件，系统会打印如下信息并抛出HibernateException异常。

Exception in thread "main" org.hibernate.service.spi.ServiceException: Unable to create requested service [org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.env.spi.JdbcEnvironment]
	at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.createService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:244)
	at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.initializeService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:208)
	at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.getService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:189)
	at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.JdbcServicesImpl.configure(JdbcServicesImpl.java:51)
	at org.hibernate.boot.registry.internal.StandardServiceRegistryImpl.configureService(StandardServiceRegistryImpl.java:94)
	at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.initializeService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:217)
	at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.getService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:189)
	at org.hibernate.boot.model.process.spi.MetadataBuildingProcess.handleTypes(MetadataBuildingProcess.java:352)
	at org.hibernate.boot.model.process.spi.MetadataBuildingProcess.complete(MetadataBuildingProcess.java:111)
	at org.hibernate.boot.model.process.spi.MetadataBuildingProcess.build(MetadataBuildingProcess.java:83)
	at org.hibernate.boot.internal.MetadataBuilderImpl.build(MetadataBuilderImpl.java:418)
	at org.hibernate.boot.internal.MetadataBuilderImpl.build(MetadataBuilderImpl.java:87)
	at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.buildSessionFactory(Configuration.java:692)
	at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.buildSessionFactory(Configuration.java:724)
	at com.itheima.test.Demo1.testAdd(Demo1.java:34)
	at com.itheima.test.Demo1.main(Demo1.java:56)
Caused by: org.hibernate.HibernateException: Access to DialectResolutionInfo cannot be null when 'hibernate.dialect' not set
	at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.dialect.internal.DialectFactoryImpl.determineDialect(DialectFactoryImpl.java:100)
	at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.dialect.internal.DialectFactoryImpl.buildDialect(DialectFactoryImpl.java:54)
	at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.env.internal.JdbcEnvironmentInitiator.initiateService(JdbcEnvironmentInitiator.java:137)
	at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.env.internal.JdbcEnvironmentInitiator.initiateService(JdbcEnvironmentInitiator.java:35)
	at org.hibernate.boot.registry.internal.StandardServiceRegistryImpl.initiateService(StandardServiceRegistryImpl.java:88)
	at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.createService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:234)
	... 15 more

到这里基本就结束了：最后附上测试的Javabean对象，及数据库SQL语句

JavaBean对象

package com.itheima.domain;
/**
 * 客户的JavaBean
 * @author BABY
 *
 */
public class Customer {
/**
 * `cust_id` bigint(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '客户编号(主键)',
		  `cust_name` varchar(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '客户名称(公司名称)',
		  `cust_user_id` bigint(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '负责人id',
		  `cust_create_id` bigint(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '创建人id',
		  
		  `cust_source` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户信息来源',
		  `cust_industry` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户所属行业',
		  `cust_level` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户级别',
		  `cust_linkman` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人',
		  
		  `cust_phone` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '固定电话',
		  `cust_mobile` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '移动电话',
 */
	
	private Long cust_id;
	private String cust_name;
	private Long cust_user_id;
	private Long cust_create_id;
	
	private String cust_source;
	private String cust_industry;
	private String cust_level;
	private String cust_linkman;
	
	private String cust_phone;
	private String cust_mobile;
	public Long getCust_id() {
		return cust_id;
	}
	public void setCust_id(Long cust_id) {
		this.cust_id = cust_id;
	}
	public String getCust_name() {
		return cust_name;
	}
	public void setCust_name(String cust_name) {
		this.cust_name = cust_name;
	}
	public Long getCust_user_id() {
		return cust_user_id;
	}
	public void setCust_user_id(Long cust_user_id) {
		this.cust_user_id = cust_user_id;
	}
	public Long getCust_create_id() {
		return cust_create_id;
	}
	public void setCust_create_id(Long cust_create_id) {
		this.cust_create_id = cust_create_id;
	}
	public String getCust_source() {
		return cust_source;
	}
	public void setCust_source(String cust_source) {
		this.cust_source = cust_source;
	}
	public String getCust_industry() {
		return cust_industry;
	}
	public void setCust_industry(String cust_industry) {
		this.cust_industry = cust_industry;
	}
	public String getCust_level() {
		return cust_level;
	}
	public void setCust_level(String cust_level) {
		this.cust_level = cust_level;
	}
	public String getCust_linkman() {
		return cust_linkman;
	}
	public void setCust_linkman(String cust_linkman) {
		this.cust_linkman = cust_linkman;
	}
	public String getCust_phone() {
		return cust_phone;
	}
	public void setCust_phone(String cust_phone) {
		this.cust_phone = cust_phone;
	}
	public String getCust_mobile() {
		return cust_mobile;
	}
	public void setCust_mobile(String cust_mobile) {
		this.cust_mobile = cust_mobile;
	}	
}

数据库:

Create database hibernate_day01;
		Use hibernate_day01;
		CREATE TABLE `cst_customer` (
		  `cust_id` bigint(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '客户编号(主键)',
		  `cust_name` varchar(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '客户名称(公司名称)',
		  `cust_user_id` bigint(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '负责人id',
		  `cust_create_id` bigint(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '创建人id',
		  `cust_source` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户信息来源',
		  `cust_industry` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户所属行业',
		  `cust_level` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户级别',
		  `cust_linkman` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '联系人',
		  `cust_phone` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '固定电话',
		  `cust_mobile` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '移动电话',
		  PRIMARY KEY (`cust_id`)
		) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=94 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;