php中重载与魔术方法的示例详解
作用:利用模式方法可以轻松实现PHP面向对象中重载(Overloading即动态创建类属性和方法)
其实很多博客主已经写过这些方法了、、、但是我还是要说一遍。。谁让你来听了呢,码这么多字也不容易看完再走吧!
1.construct,destruct
constuct构建对象的时被调用;
destruct明确销毁对象或脚本结束时被调用;
class Foo { private $name; private $link; public function construct($name) { $this->name = $name; } public function destruct() { echo 'Destroying: ', $this->name, PHP_EOL;//PHP_EOL代表php的换行符 } }
打住,先安利一波重载的定义及使用方法:
定义:PHP所提供的"重载"(overloading)是指动态地"创建"类属性和方法。(我们是通过魔术方法(magic methods)来实现的)
作用:当调用当前环境下未定义或不可见的类属性或方法时,重载方法会被调用。后面将使用"不可访问属性(inaccessible properties)"和"不可访问方法(inaccessible methods)"来称呼这些未定义或不可见的类属性或方法。
注意:所有的重载方法都必须被声明为 public。
2.get、set、isset、unset、call、callStatic //为啥放一起呢?
set当给不可访问或不存在属性赋值时被调用
get读取不可访问或不存在属性时被调用
isset对不可访问或不存在的属性调用isset()或empty()时被调用
unset对不可访问或不存在的属性进行unset时被调用
call调用不可访问或不存在的方法时被调用
callStatic调用不可访问或不存在的静态方法时被调用
Example #1 使用 get(),set(),isset() 和 unset() 进行属性重载
<?php class PropertyTest { /** 被重载的数据保存在此 */ private $data = array(); /** 重载不能被用在已经定义的属性 */ public $declared = 1; /** 只有从类外部访问这个属性时,重载才会发生 */ private $hidden = 2; public function set($name, $value) { echo "Setting '$name' to '$value'\n"; $this->data[$name] = $value; } public function get($name) { echo "Getting '$name'\n"; if (array_key_exists($name, $this->data)) { return $this->data[$name]; } $trace = debug_backtrace(); trigger_error( 'Undefined property via get(): ' . $name . ' in ' . $trace[0]['file'] . ' on line ' . $trace[0]['line'], E_USER_NOTICE); return null; } /** PHP 5.1.0之后版本 */ public function isset($name) { echo "Is '$name' set?\n"; return isset($this->data[$name]); } /** PHP 5.1.0之后版本 */ public function unset($name) { echo "Unsetting '$name'\n"; unset($this->data[$name]); } /** 非魔术方法 */ public function getHidden() { return $this->hidden; } } echo "<pre>\n"; $obj = new PropertyTest; $obj->a = 1; echo $obj->a . "\n\n"; var_dump(isset($obj->a)); unset($obj->a); var_dump(isset($obj->a)); echo "\n"; echo $obj->declared . "\n\n"; echo "Let's experiment with the private property named 'hidden':\n"; echo "Privates are visible inside the class, so get() not used...\n"; echo $obj->getHidden() . "\n"; echo "Privates not visible outside of class, so get() is used...\n"; echo $obj->hidden . "\n"; ?>
看完了吗?好好看!
5.sleep,wakeup
sleep当使用serialize时被调用,当你不需要保存大对象的所有数据时很有用
wakeup当使用unserialize时被调用,可用于做些对象的初始化操作
<?php class Connection { protected $link; private $server, $username, $password, $db; public function construct($server, $username, $password, $db) { $this->server = $server; $this->username = $username; $this->password = $password; $this->db = $db; $this->connect(); } private function connect() { $this->link = mysql_connect($this->server, $this->username, $this->password); mysql_select_db($this->db, $this->link); } public function sleep() { return array('server', 'username', 'password', 'db'); } public function wakeup() { $this->connect(); } } ?>
6.clone
进行对象clone时被调用,用来调整对象的克隆行为
<?php class SubObject { static $instances = 0; public $instance; public function construct() { $this->instance = ++self::$instances; } public function clone() { $this->instance = ++self::$instances; } } class MyCloneable { public $object1; public $object2; function clone() { // 强制复制一份this->object, 否则仍然指向同一个对象 $this->object1 = clone $this->object1; } } $obj = new MyCloneable(); $obj->object1 = new SubObject(); $obj->object2 = new SubObject(); $obj2 = clone $obj; print("Original Object:\n"); print_r($obj); print("Cloned Object:\n"); print_r($obj2); ?>
7.toString
当一个类被转换成字符串时被调用
<?php class SubObject { static $instances = 0; public $instance; public function construct() { $this->instance = ++self::$instances; } public function clone() { $this->instance = ++self::$instances; } } class MyCloneable { public $object1; public $object2; function clone() { // 强制复制一份this->object, 否则仍然指向同一个对象 $this->object1 = clone $this->object1; } } $obj = new MyCloneable(); $obj->object1 = new SubObject(); $obj->object2 = new SubObject(); $obj2 = clone $obj; print("Original Object:\n"); print_r($obj); print("Cloned Object:\n"); print_r($obj2); ?>
8.set_state
当调用var_export()导出类时,此静态方法被调用。用set_state的返回值做为var_export的返回值。
<?php class A { public $var1; public $var2; public static function set_state($an_array) // As of PHP 5.1.0 { $obj = new A; $obj->var1 = $an_array['var1']; $obj->var2 = $an_array['var2']; return $obj; } } $a = new A; $a->var1 = 5; $a->var2 = 'foo'; eval('$b = ' . var_export($a, true) . ';'); // $b = A::set_state(array( // 'var1' => 5, // 'var2' => 'foo', // )); var_dump($b); ?>
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