C#网络编程系列文章(六)之Socket实现同步UDP服务器
本文介绍
在.Net中,System.Net.Sockets 命名空间为需要严密控制网络访问的开发人员提供了 Windows Sockets (Winsock) 接口的托管实现。System.Net 命名空间中的所有其他网络访问类都建立在该套接字Socket实现之上,如TCPClient、TCPListener 和 UDPClient 类封装有关创建到 Internet 的 TCP 和 UDP 连接的详细信息;NetworkStream类则提供用于网络访问的基础数据流等,常见的许多Internet服务都可以见到Socket的踪影,如Telnet、Http、Email、Echo等,这些服务尽管通讯协议Protocol的定义不同,但是其基础的传输都是采用的Socket。
其实,Socket可以象流Stream一样被视为一个数据通道,这个通道架设在应用程序端(客户端)和远程服务器端之间,而后,数据的读取(接收)和写入(发送)均针对这个通道来进行。
可见,在应用程序端或者服务器端创建了Socket对象之后,就可以使用Send/SentTo方法将数据发送到连接的Socket,或者使用Receive/ReceiveFrom方法接收来自连接Socket的数据;
针对Socket编程,.NET 框架的 Socket 类是 Winsock32 API 提供的套接字服务的托管代码版本。其中为实现网络编程提供了大量的方法,大多数情况下,Socket 类方法只是将数据封送到它们的本机 Win32 副本中并处理任何必要的安全检查。如果你熟悉Winsock API函数,那么用Socket类编写网络程序会非常容易,当然,如果你不曾接触过,也不会太困难,跟随下面的解说,你会发觉使用Socket类开发windows 网络应用程序原来有规可寻,它们在大多数情况下遵循大致相同的步骤。
本节介绍使用Socket来实现一个同步的UDP服务器。
Socket同步UDP服务器
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Net.Sockets; using System.Net; using System.Threading; namespace NetFrame.Net.UDP.Sock.Synchronous { /// <summary> /// Socket 实现同步UDP服务器 /// </summary> public class SocketUDPServer { #region Fields /// <summary> /// 服务器程序允许的最大客户端连接数 /// </summary> private int _maxClient; /// <summary> /// 当前的连接的客户端数 /// </summary> private int _clientCount; /// <summary> /// 服务器使用的同步socket /// </summary> private Socket _serverSock; /// <summary> /// 客户端会话列表 /// </summary> private List<SocketUDPState> _clients; private bool disposed = false; /// <summary> /// 数据接受缓冲区 /// </summary> private byte[] _recvBuffer; #endregion #region Properties /// <summary> /// 服务器是否正在运行 /// </summary> public bool IsRunning { get; private set; } /// <summary> /// 监听的IP地址 /// </summary> public IPAddress Address { get; private set; } /// <summary> /// 监听的端口 /// </summary> public int Port { get; private set; } /// <summary> /// 通信使用的编码 /// </summary> public Encoding Encoding { get; set; } #endregion #region 构造函数 /// <summary> /// 异步Socket UDP服务器 /// </summary> /// <param name="listenPort">监听的端口</param> public SocketUDPServer(int listenPort) : this(IPAddress.Any, listenPort,1024) { } /// <summary> /// 异步Socket UDP服务器 /// </summary> /// <param name="localEP">监听的终结点</param> public SocketUDPServer(IPEndPoint localEP) : this(localEP.Address, localEP.Port,1024) { } /// <summary> /// 异步Socket UDP服务器 /// </summary> /// <param name="localIPAddress">监听的IP地址</param> /// <param name="listenPort">监听的端口</param> /// <param name="maxClient">最大客户端数量</param> public SocketUDPServer(IPAddress localIPAddress, int listenPort, int maxClient) { this.Address = localIPAddress; this.Port = listenPort; this.Encoding = Encoding.Default; _maxClient = maxClient; _clients = new List<SocketUDPState>(); _serverSock = new Socket(localIPAddress.AddressFamily, SocketType.Dgram, ProtocolType.Udp); _recvBuffer=new byte[_serverSock.ReceiveBufferSize]; } #endregion #region Method /// <summary> /// 启动服务器 /// </summary> /// <returns>异步TCP服务器</returns> public void Start() { if (!IsRunning) { IsRunning = true; _serverSock.Bind(new IPEndPoint(this.Address, this.Port)); //启动一个线程监听数据 new Thread(ReceiveData).Start(); } } /// <summary> /// 停止服务器 /// </summary> public void Stop() { if (IsRunning) { IsRunning = false; _serverSock.Close(); //TODO 关闭对所有客户端的连接 CloseAllClient(); } } /// <summary> /// 同步数据接收方法 /// </summary> private void ReceiveData() { int len = -1; EndPoint remote = null; while (true) { try { len = _serverSock.ReceiveFrom(_recvBuffer, ref remote); //if (!_clients.Contains(remote)) //{ // _clients.Add(remote); //} } catch (Exception) { //TODO 异常处理操作 RaiseOtherException(null); } } } /// <summary> /// 同步发送数据 /// </summary> public void Send(string msg, EndPoint clientip) { byte[] data = Encoding.Default.GetBytes(msg); try { _serverSock.SendTo(data, clientip); //数据发送完成事件 RaiseCompletedSend(null); } catch (Exception) { //TODO 异常处理 RaiseOtherException(null); } } #endregion #region 事件 /// <summary> /// 接收到数据事件 /// </summary> public event EventHandler<SocketUDPEventArgs> DataReceived; private void RaiseDataReceived(SocketUDPState state) { if (DataReceived != null) { DataReceived(this, new SocketUDPEventArgs(state)); } } /// <summary> /// 数据发送完毕事件 /// </summary> public event EventHandler<SocketUDPEventArgs> CompletedSend; /// <summary> /// 触发数据发送完毕的事件 /// </summary> /// <param name="state"></param> private void RaiseCompletedSend(SocketUDPState state) { if (CompletedSend != null) { CompletedSend(this, new SocketUDPEventArgs(state)); } } /// <summary> /// 网络错误事件 /// </summary> public event EventHandler<SocketUDPEventArgs> NetError; /// <summary> /// 触发网络错误事件 /// </summary> /// <param name="state"></param> private void RaiseNetError(SocketUDPState state) { if (NetError != null) { NetError(this, new SocketUDPEventArgs(state)); } } /// <summary> /// 异常事件 /// </summary> public event EventHandler<SocketUDPEventArgs> OtherException; /// <summary> /// 触发异常事件 /// </summary> /// <param name="state"></param> private void RaiseOtherException(SocketUDPState state, string descrip) { if (OtherException != null) { OtherException(this, new SocketUDPEventArgs(descrip, state)); } } private void RaiseOtherException(SocketUDPState state) { RaiseOtherException(state, ""); } #endregion #region Close /// <summary> /// 关闭一个与客户端之间的会话 /// </summary> /// <param name="state">需要关闭的客户端会话对象</param> public void Close(SocketUDPState state) { if (state != null) { _clients.Remove(state); _clientCount--; //TODO 触发关闭事件 } } /// <summary> /// 关闭所有的客户端会话,与所有的客户端连接会断开 /// </summary> public void CloseAllClient() { foreach (SocketUDPState client in _clients) { Close(client); } _clientCount = 0; _clients.Clear(); } #endregion #region 释放 /// <summary> /// Performs application-defined tasks associated with freeing, /// releasing, or resetting unmanaged resources. /// </summary> public void Dispose() { Dispose(true); GC.SuppressFinalize(this); } /// <summary> /// Releases unmanaged and - optionally - managed resources /// </summary> /// <param name="disposing"><c>true</c> to release /// both managed and unmanaged resources; <c>false</c> /// to release only unmanaged resources.</param> protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing) { if (!this.disposed) { if (disposing) { try { Stop(); if (_serverSock != null) { _serverSock = null; } } catch (SocketException) { //TODO RaiseOtherException(null); } } disposed = true; } } #endregion } }
客户状态封装类
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Net.Sockets; using System.Net; namespace NetFrame.Net.UDP.Sock.Synchronous { public class SocketUDPState { // Client socket. public Socket workSocket = null; // Size of receive buffer. public const int BufferSize = 1024; // Receive buffer. public byte[] buffer = new byte[BufferSize]; // Received data string. public StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); public EndPoint remote = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, 0); } }
服务器事件参数类
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace NetFrame.Net.UDP.Sock.Synchronous { /// <summary> /// Socket实现同步UDP服务器 /// </summary> public class SocketUDPEventArgs:EventArgs { /// <summary> /// 提示信息 /// </summary> public string _msg; /// <summary> /// 客户端状态封装类 /// </summary> public SocketUDPState _state; /// <summary> /// 是否已经处理过了 /// </summary> public bool IsHandled { get; set; } public SocketUDPEventArgs(string msg) { this._msg = msg; IsHandled = false; } public SocketUDPEventArgs(SocketUDPState state) { this._state = state; IsHandled = false; } public SocketUDPEventArgs(string msg, SocketUDPState state) { this._msg = msg; this._state = state; IsHandled = false; } } }
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