使用mysqlbinlog提取二进制日志_MySQL

MySQL binlog日志记录了MySQL数据库从启用日志以来所有对当前数据库的变更。binlog日志属于二进制文件，我们可以从binlog提取出来生成可阅读的SQL语句来重建当前数据库以及根据需要实现时点恢复或不完全恢复。本文主要描述了如果提取binlog日志，并给出相关示例。

有关binlog的介绍与描述请参考：MySQL 二进制日志(Binary Log)

1、提取mysqlbinlog的几种方式

2、演示show binlog events方式

mysql> show variables like 'version';
+---------------+------------+
| Variable_name | Value      |
+---------------+------------+
| version       | 5.6.12-log |
+---------------+------------+

mysql> show binary logs;
+-----------------+-----------+
| Log_name        | File_size |
+-----------------+-----------+
| APP01bin.000001 |       120 |
+-----------------+-----------+

a、只查看第一个binlog文件的内容(show binlog events) 
mysql> use replication;
Database changed
mysql> select * from tb;
+------+-------+
| id   | val   |
+------+-------+
|    1 | robin |
+------+-------+

mysql> insert into tb values(2,'jack');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> flush logs;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into tb values(3,'fred');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show binary logs;
+-----------------+-----------+
| Log_name        | File_size |
+-----------------+-----------+
| APP01bin.000001 |       409 |
| APP01bin.000002 |       363 |
+-----------------+-----------+

mysql> show binlog events;
+-----------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| Log_name        | Pos | Event_type  | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info                                               |
+-----------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| APP01bin.000001 |   4 | Format_desc |        11 |         120 | Server ver: 5.6.12-log, Binlog ver: 4              |
| APP01bin.000001 | 120 | Query       |        11 |         213 | BEGIN                                              |
| APP01bin.000001 | 213 | Query       |        11 |         332 | use `replication`; insert into tb values(2,'jack') |
| APP01bin.000001 | 332 | Xid         |        11 |         363 | COMMIT /* xid=382 */                               |
| APP01bin.000001 | 363 | Rotate      |        11 |         409 | APP01bin.000002;pos=4                              |
+-----------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-- 在上面的结果中第3行可以看到我们执行的SQL语句，第4行为自动提交
-- Author : Leshami
-- Blog   : http://blog.csdn.net/leshami

b、查看指定binlog文件的内容(show binlog events in 'binname.xxxxx')
mysql> show binlog events in 'APP01bin.000002';
+-----------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| Log_name        | Pos | Event_type  | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info                                               |
+-----------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| APP01bin.000002 |   4 | Format_desc |        11 |         120 | Server ver: 5.6.12-log, Binlog ver: 4              |
| APP01bin.000002 | 120 | Query       |        11 |         213 | BEGIN                                              |
| APP01bin.000002 | 213 | Query       |        11 |         332 | use `replication`; insert into tb values(3,'fred') |
| APP01bin.000002 | 332 | Xid         |        11 |         363 | COMMIT /* xid=394 */                               |
+-----------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------+

c、查看当前正在写入的binlog文件(show master status\G) 
mysql> show master status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
             File: APP01bin.000002
         Position: 363
     Binlog_Do_DB: 
 Binlog_Ignore_DB: 
Executed_Gtid_Set: 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

d、获取指定位置binlog的内容(show binlog events from) 
mysql> show binlog events from 213;
+-----------------+-----+------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| Log_name        | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info                                               |
+-----------------+-----+------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| APP01bin.000001 | 213 | Query      |        11 |         332 | use `replication`; insert into tb values(2,'jack') |
| APP01bin.000001 | 332 | Xid        |        11 |         363 | COMMIT /* xid=382 */                               |
| APP01bin.000001 | 363 | Rotate     |        11 |         409 | APP01bin.000002;pos=4                              |
+-----------------+-----+------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------+

3、演示mysqlbinlog方式提取binlog

a、提取指定的binlog日志
# mysqlbinlog /opt/data/APP01bin.000001
# mysqlbinlog /opt/data/APP01bin.000001|grep insert
/*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/;
insert into tb values(2,'jack')

b、提取指定position位置的binlog日志
# mysqlbinlog --start-position="120" --stop-position="332" /opt/data/APP01bin.000001

c、提取指定position位置的binlog日志并输出到压缩文件
# mysqlbinlog --start-position="120" --stop-position="332" /opt/data/APP01bin.000001 |gzip >extra_01.sql.gz

d、提取指定position位置的binlog日志导入数据库
# mysqlbinlog --start-position="120" --stop-position="332" /opt/data/APP01bin.000001 | mysql -uroot -p

e、提取指定开始时间的binlog并输出到日志文件
# mysqlbinlog --start-datetime="2014-12-15 20:15:23" /opt/data/APP01bin.000002 --result-file=extra02.sql

f、提取指定位置的多个binlog日志文件
# mysqlbinlog --start-position="120" --stop-position="332" /opt/data/APP01bin.000001 /opt/data/APP01bin.000002|more

g、提取指定数据库binlog并转换字符集到UTF8
# mysqlbinlog --database=test --set-charset=utf8 /opt/data/APP01bin.000001 /opt/data/APP01bin.000002 >test.sql

h、远程提取日志，指定结束时间 
# mysqlbinlog -urobin -p -h192.168.1.116 -P3306 --stop-datetime="2014-12-15 20:30:23" --read-from-remote-server mysql-bin.000033 |more

i、远程提取使用row格式的binlog日志并输出到本地文件
# mysqlbinlog -urobin -p -P3606 -h192.168.1.177 --read-from-remote-server -vv inst3606bin.000005 >row.sql

4、获取mysqlbinlog的帮助信息(仅列出常用选项)

-d, --database=name

-f, --force-read

-h, --host=name

-l, --local-load=name

-p, --password[=name]

-P, --port=#

--protocol=name

-R, --read-from-remote-server|--read-from-remote-master=name

-r, --result-file=name

-s, --short-form

-S, --socket=name

--start-datetime=name

--stop-datetime=name

-j, --start-position=#

--server-id=#

--set-charset=name

-D, --disable-log-bin

-u, --user=name

-v, --verbose

-V, --version