python读取excel数据并且画图的实现示例

一,要读取的数据的格式：

二,数据读取部分：

b站视频参考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/bv14c4y1w7nj?t=148

# 1930
workbook=xlrd.open_workbook('1930.xlsx')
sheet= workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
a1=[]
b1=[]
# sheet.cell_value(i,0):第i行的第0个元素
for i in range(1,sheet.nrows):
 a1.append(sheet.cell_value(i,0))
 b1.append(sheet.cell_value(i,1))
 
if len(a1)!=len(b1):
 print("false")
drawbar(a1,b1,1930)
 

三,画图函数

1. def drawbar(music_genre,singer_num,year)

参数介绍

参数名	参数含义
music_genre	音乐流派名称list
singer_num	音乐流派对应音乐家数量list
year	读的文件的年份(因为源代码是从1840到2020的)

def drawbar(music_genre,singer_num,year):
 arr_len=len(music_genre)
 # 由循环得到一个字典，key是音乐流派，value是这个音乐流派对应的音乐家的数量
 i=0
 dict_music_singer={}
 while i<arr_len:
 dict_music_singer[music_genre[i]]=singer_num[i]
 i=i+1
 
	# 注释1
 pyplot.bar(x=0, bottom=range(arr_len), height=0.3, width=singer_num, orientation="horizontal")
 # 注释2
 pyplot.yticks(range(arr_len),music_genre)
 # 加title，展示图像
 pyplot.title(year)
 pyplot.show()
 
 ...
 ...
 drawbar(a1,b1,1930)
 

注释1：

"""
 水平条形图，需要修改以下属性
 orientation="horizontal"
"""
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
# 数据
n = 5
x = [20, 10, 30, 25, 15]
y = [0,1,2,3,4]
 
# 绘图 x= 起始位置， bottom= 水平条的底部(左侧), y轴， height 水平条的宽度， width 水平条的长度
p1 = plt.bar(x=0, bottom=y, height=0.5, width=x, orientation="horizontal")
pyplot.bar(range(arr_len),singer_num,align='center')
pyplot.bar(x=0, bottom=range(arr_len), height=0.5, width=singer_num, orientation="horizontal")
# 展示图形
plt.show()

注释2：plt.xticks的第一个参数和plt.plot的第一个参数一样，第二个参数是和第一个参数相同长度的list此例中用来代替横坐标

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = [1, 2, 3, 4]
y = [1, 4, 9, 6]
labels = ['frogs', 'hogs', 'bogs', 'slogs']
 
plt.plot(x, y)
# you can specify a rotation for the tick labels in degrees or with keywords.
plt.xticks(x, labels, rotation='vertical')
# pad margins so that markers don't get clipped by the axes
plt.margins(0.2)
# tweak spacing to prevent clipping of tick-labels
plt.subplots_adjust(bottom=0.15)
plt.show()

1.1 效果：

1.2 完整代码

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np 
import xlrd
from matplotlib import pyplot
def drawbar(music_genre,singer_num,year):
 arr_len=len(music_genre)
 
 i=0
 dict_music_singer={}
 while i<arr_len:
 dict_music_singer[music_genre[i]]=singer_num[i]
 i=i+1
 #pyplot.bar(range(arr_len),singer_num,align='center')
 pyplot.bar(x=0, bottom=range(arr_len), height=0.3, width=singer_num, orientation="horizontal")
 pyplot.yticks(range(arr_len),music_genre)
 pyplot.title(year)
 pyplot.show()
 
 
# 1930
workbook=xlrd.open_workbook('1930.xlsx')
sheet= workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
a1=[]
b1=[]
for i in range(1,sheet.nrows):
 a1.append(sheet.cell_value(i,0))
 b1.append(sheet.cell_value(i,1))
 
if len(a1)!=len(b1):
 print("false")
drawbar(a1,b1,1930)
 
 
 
# 1940
workbook=xlrd.open_workbook('1940.xlsx')
sheet= workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
a2=[]
b2=[]
for i in range(1,sheet.nrows):
 a2.append(sheet.cell_value(i,0))
 b2.append(sheet.cell_value(i,1))
 
if len(a2)!=len(b2):
 print("false")
drawbar(a2,b2,1940)
 
 
 
# 
workbook=xlrd.open_workbook('1950.xlsx')
sheet= workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
a3=[]
b3=[]
for i in range(1,sheet.nrows):
 a3.append(sheet.cell_value(i,0))
 b3.append(sheet.cell_value(i,1))
 
if len(a3)!=len(b3):
 print("false")
drawbar(a3,b3,1950)
 
 
 
# 6
workbook=xlrd.open_workbook('1960.xlsx')
sheet= workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
a4=[]
b4=[]
for i in range(1,sheet.nrows):
 a4.append(sheet.cell_value(i,0))
 b4.append(sheet.cell_value(i,1))
 
if len(a4)!=len(b4):
 print("false")
drawbar(a4,b4,1960)
 
 
 
 
# 
workbook=xlrd.open_workbook('1970.xlsx')
sheet= workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
a5=[]
b5=[]
for i in range(1,sheet.nrows):
 a5.append(sheet.cell_value(i,0))
 b5.append(sheet.cell_value(i,1))
 
if len(a5)!=len(b5):
 print("false")
drawbar(a5,b5,1970)
 
 
 
 
# 
workbook=xlrd.open_workbook('1980.xlsx')
sheet= workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
a6=[]
b6=[]
for i in range(1,sheet.nrows):
 a6.append(sheet.cell_value(i,0))
 b6.append(sheet.cell_value(i,1))
 
if len(a6)!=len(b6):
 print("false")
drawbar(a6,b6,1980)
 
 
 
 
# 9
workbook=xlrd.open_workbook('1990.xlsx')
sheet= workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
a7=[]
b7=[]
for i in range(1,sheet.nrows):
 a7.append(sheet.cell_value(i,0))
 b7.append(sheet.cell_value(i,1))
 
if len(a7)!=len(b7):
 print("false")
drawbar(a7,b7,1990)
 
 
 
 
# 2000
workbook=xlrd.open_workbook('2000.xlsx')
sheet= workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
a8=[]
b8=[]
for i in range(1,sheet.nrows):
 a8.append(sheet.cell_value(i,0))
 b8.append(sheet.cell_value(i,1))
 
if len(a8)!=len(b8):
 print("false")
drawbar(a8,b8,2000)
 
 
 
 
# 
workbook=xlrd.open_workbook('2010.xlsx')
sheet= workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
a9=[]
b9=[]
for i in range(1,sheet.nrows):
 a9.append(sheet.cell_value(i,0))
 b9.append(sheet.cell_value(i,1))
 
if len(a9)!=len(b9):
 print("false")
drawbar(a9,b9,2010)
 
 
 
 
# # 
# workbook=xlrd.open_workbook('2020.xlsx')
# sheet= workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
# a2=[]
# b2=[]
# for i in range(1,sheet.nrows):
# a2.append(sheet.cell_value(i,0))
# b2.append(sheet.cell_value(i,1))
 
# if len(a2)!=len(b2):
# print("false")
# drawbar(a2,b2,2020)
 
 
 
 
 
 

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