SpringBoot如何获取application.properties中自定义的值

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/pom/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance"
	xsi:schemalocation="http://maven.apache.org/pom/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelversion>4.0.0</modelversion>
	<parent>
		<groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
		<artifactid>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactid>
		<version>2.5.4</version>
		<relativepath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<groupid>com.example</groupid>
	<artifactid>i18nspringbootdemo-1</artifactid>
	<version>0.0.1-snapshot</version>
	<name>i18nspringbootdemo-1</name>
	<description>demo project for spring boot</description>
	<properties>
		<java.version>11</java.version>
	</properties>
	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
			<artifactid>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactid>
		</dependency>
 
		<dependency>
			<groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
			<artifactid>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactid>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
		<!-- 导入配置文件处理器，配置文件进行绑定就会提示 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
			<artifactid>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactid>
			<optional>true</optional>
		</dependency>
		
		<!--校验依赖-->
		<dependency>
		    <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
		    <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactid>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
 
	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
				<artifactid>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactid>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>
 
	<packaging>war</packaging>
</project>

test.user.id=12
#也可以写成 test.user.user-name=zhangsan
test.user.username=zhansan
#也可以写成 test.user.user-password=xxx
test.user.userpassword=pwd123
#也可以写成 test.user.la-big-decimal=xxx
test.user.labigdecimal=138.3
test.user.maps.key1=v1
test.user.maps.key2=123
test.user.lists=a12,a13,sdf
test.user.department.dep-code=dep001
test.user.department.dep-name=depname001

package com.example.demo.obj;
 
public class department {
	private string depcode;
	private string depname;
	
	/**
	 * @return depcode
	 */
	public string getdepcode() {
		return depcode;
	}
	/**
	 * @param depcode セットする depcode
	 */
	public void setdepcode(string depcode) {
		this.depcode = depcode;
	}
	/**
	 * @return depname
	 */
	public string getdepname() {
		return depname;
	}
	/**
	 * @param depname セットする depname
	 */
	public void setdepname(string depname) {
		this.depname = depname;
	}
	@override
	public string tostring() {
		return "department [depcode=" + depcode + ", depname=" + depname + "]";
	}
	
}

package com.example.demo.obj;
 
import java.math.bigdecimal;
import java.util.list;
import java.util.map;
 
import javax.validation.constraints.email;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.value;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.configurationproperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.component;
import org.springframework.validation.annotation.validated;
 
/*
 * 将配置文件的每一个属性值，映射到这个组件中:
 * ①@configurationproperties：告诉springboot将本类中的所有属性和配置文件中相关的配置进行绑定；
 *     prefix = "test.user"：将配置文件中前缀为test.user下面的所有属性进行一一映射
 *  只有这个组件是容器中的组件，才能提供@configurationproperties的功能，所以要加@component
 * 
 * ②@value("${key}")从环境变量、配置文件中获取值
 * @value("#{spel}")表达式
 * 
 * @configurationproperties与@value的区别：
 * @configurationproperties支持松散语法，jsr303数据校验，复杂类型封装，不支持spel
 * @value支持spel，不支持松散语法，jsr303数据校验，复杂类型封装
 * 如果说，我们在某个业务逻辑中需要获取一下配置文件中的某项值，可以用@value
 * 如果说，我们专门编写了一个javabean去和配置文件进行映射，我们直接使用@configurationproperties
 */
@component
@configurationproperties(prefix = "test.user")
@validated
public class user {
	//@value("#{10*2}")
	private integer id;
	//@email username必须输入邮箱格式的值，要不然报错
	//@value("${test.user.username}")
	private string username;
	//@value("${test.user.userpassword}")
	private string userpassword;
	//@value("${test.user.labigdecimal}")
	private bigdecimal labigdecimal;
	
	//@value("${test.user.maps}") x 不行会报错
	private map<string, object> maps;
	//@value("${test.user.lists}")
	private list<object> lists;
	//@value("${test.user.department}") x 不行会报错
	private department department;
	
	/**
	 * @return id
	 */
	public integer getid() {
		return id;
	}
	/**
	 * @param id セットする id
	 */
	public void setid(integer id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	/**
	 * @return username
	 */
	public string getusername() {
		return username;
	}
	/**
	 * @param username セットする username
	 */
	public void setusername(string username) {
		this.username = username;
	}
	/**
	 * @return userpassword
	 */
	public string getuserpassword() {
		return userpassword;
	}
	/**
	 * @param userpassword セットする userpassword
	 */
	public void setuserpassword(string userpassword) {
		this.userpassword = userpassword;
	}
	/**
	 * @return labigdecimal
	 */
	public bigdecimal getlabigdecimal() {
		return labigdecimal;
	}
	/**
	 * @param labigdecimal セットする labigdecimal
	 */
	public void setlabigdecimal(bigdecimal labigdecimal) {
		this.labigdecimal = labigdecimal;
	}
	/**
	 * @return maps
	 */
	public map<string, object> getmaps() {
		return maps;
	}
	/**
	 * @param maps セットする maps
	 */
	public void setmaps(map<string, object> maps) {
		this.maps = maps;
	}
	/**
	 * @return lists
	 */
	public list<object> getlists() {
		return lists;
	}
	/**
	 * @param lists セットする lists
	 */
	public void setlists(list<object> lists) {
		this.lists = lists;
	}
	/**
	 * @return department
	 */
	public department getdepartment() {
		return department;
	}
	/**
	 * @param department セットする department
	 */
	public void setdepartment(department department) {
		this.department = department;
	}
	@override
	public string tostring() {
		return "user [id=" + id + ", username=" + username + ", userpassword=" + userpassword + ", labigdecimal="
				+ labigdecimal + ", maps=" + maps + ", lists=" + lists + ", department=" + department + "]";
	}
 
}

package com.example.demo;
 
import org.springframework.boot.springapplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.springbootapplication;
 
/**
 * 应用启动类
 *
 */
@springbootapplication
public class i18nspringbootdemo1application {
 
	public static void main(string[] args) {
		springapplication.run(i18nspringbootdemo1application.class, args);
	}
 
}

package com.example.demo;
 
import org.junit.jupiter.api.test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.springboottest;
 
import com.example.demo.obj.user;
 
@springboottest
class i18nspringbootdemo1applicationtests {
	@autowired
	user user;
	
	@test
	void contextloads() {
		system.out.println(user.tostring());
	}
 
}