Nginx集群之基于Redis的WebApi身份验证
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2022-04-10 15:36:23
Nginx在集群上使用Redis数据库进行身份验证，达到了支持集群、分布式。在此基础上能够实现单点登录、时效性的访问，结合WebApi最大限度地发挥了后台身份验证的管理Nginx集群使用Redis数据库，客户端利用 http basic身份验证，访问WebApi获得Token并将Token存储到Re... ......
目录
1 大概思路... 1
2 Nginx集群之基于Redis的WebApi身份验证... 1
3 Redis数据库... 2
4 Visualbox虚拟机ubuntu下的redis部署... 3
5 编写.NET WebApi的OnAuthorization身份验证... 6
6 编写.NET WebApi的ActionFilterAttribute令牌验证... 8
7 编写.NET WebApi的服务端... 10
8 编写.NET WebApi的客户端... 11
9 部署WebApi到本机... 17
10 Nginx集群配置搭建... 18
11 运行结果... 19
12 总结... 20
1 大概思路l Nginx集群之基于Redis的WebApi身份验证
l Redis数据库
l Visualbox虚拟机ubuntu下的redis部署
l 编写.NET WebApi的OnAuthorization身份验证
l 编写.NET WebApi的ActionFilterAttribute令牌验证
l 编写.NET WebApi的服务端
l 编写.NET WebApi的客户端
l 部署WebApi到本机
l Nginx集群配置搭建
l 运行结果
l 总结
2 Nginx集群之基于Redis的WebApi身份验证Nginx在集群上使用Redis数据库进行身份验证，达到了支持集群、分布式。在此基础上能够实现单点登录、时效性的访问，结合WebApi最大限度地发挥了后台身份验证的管理。
基于Redis的原因有几个：第一点是Redis是基于内存的数据库访问起来比较快，能够设置数据库存储的时效性；第二点，Redis数据库的语法比较简单、轻巧，在Linux、Windows服务器均可以一键安装完成；第三点，Redis支持数据的备份，即master-slave模式的数据备份。
以下是本文讲述的主要结构图：
客户端输入用户名密码服务器，通过了用户名密码验证，其中一台WebApi服务器生成一个Token并返回https的响应。客户端收到Token保存在本地，带上token发出ajax请求、WebRequest请求，经过Action过滤器的检验，访问Action并返回数据。
Token令牌身份验证机制：
Nginx集群之基于Redis的WebApi身份验证，如下图所示：
Redis是一个开源的使用ANSI C语言编写、支持网络、可基于内存亦可持久化的日志型、Key-Value数据库，并提供多种语言的API。它通常被称为数据结构服务器，因为值（value）可以是 字符串(String), 哈希(Map), 列表(list), 集合(sets) 和 有序集合(sorted sets)等类型。
具体可以在以下网址进行学习：
http://www.runoob.com/redis/redis-tutorial.html
4 Visualbox虚拟机ubuntu下的redis部署
（已安装Oracle VM VirtualBox、ubuntu-17.10-desktop-amd64.iso）
Redis安装可参考：http://www.runoob.com/redis/redis-install.html
虚拟机
因网络的限制，本文采取的是“网络地址转换（NAT）”方式，进行redis数据库连接访问。有条件的可以采用“桥接网上”的方式，便可以使多台PC机在同一redis数据库进行访问，达到集群的效果。
Linux的ubuntu打开6379端口：
sudo iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 6379 -j ACCEPT
具体如下所示：
登录Redis服务器，设置密码：
redis-cli config set requirepass 123456
Windows安装Telnet客户端，进行测试连接成功与否
运行CMD，输入命令行如下：
Microsoft Windows [版本 6.1.7601] 版权所有 (c) 2009 Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。 C:\Users\zhyongfeng>telnet 10.93.85.66 6379
测试成功
5 编写.NET WebApi的OnAuthorization身份验证CustomAuthorizeAttribute.cs
using System.Web.Http;
using System.Web.Http.Controllers;
namespace SSLWebApi.Controllers
{
public class CustomAuthorizeAttribute : AuthorizeAttribute
{
public override void OnAuthorization(HttpActionContext actionContext)
{
//判断用户是否登录
if (actionContext.Request.Headers.Authorization != null)
{
string userInfo = System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetString(System.Convert.FromBase64String(actionContext.Request.Headers.Authorization.Parameter));
//用户验证逻辑
if (string.Equals(userInfo, string.Format("{0}:{1}", "zhyongfeng", "123456")))
{
IsAuthorized(actionContext);
}
else
{
HandleUnauthorizedRequest(actionContext);
}
}
else
{
HandleUnauthorizedRequest(actionContext);
}
}
protected override void HandleUnauthorizedRequest(System.Web.Http.Controllers.HttpActionContext actionContext)
{
var challengeMessage = new System.Net.Http.HttpResponseMessage(System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized);
challengeMessage.Headers.Add("WWW-Authenticate", "Basic");
throw new System.Web.Http.HttpResponseException(challengeMessage);
}
}
}
生成Token
BaseController.cs
using ServiceStack.Redis;
using SSLWebApi.Models;
using System;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Http;
namespace SSLWebApi.Controllers
{
/// <summary>
/// BaseController继承BaseController则需要身份验证
/// </summary>
[CustomAuthorize]
[RoutePrefix("api/Base")]
public class BaseController : ApiController
{
[HttpGet]
[Route("Login")]
public string Login(string userId)
{
if (HttpRuntime.Cache.Get(userId) == null)
{
return CreateToken(userId);
}
else
{
HttpRuntime.Cache.Remove(userId);
return CreateToken(userId);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 生成token
/// </summary>
/// <param name="userId"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private string CreateToken(string userId)
{
Token token = new Token();
token.UserId = userId;
token.SignToken = Guid.NewGuid();
token.Seconds = 12;
token.ExpireTime = DateTime.Now.AddSeconds(token.Seconds);
//redis使用sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 6379 -j ACCEPT打开6379的端口
//visualbox虚拟机使用“设置->网络->高级->端口转发”创建商品规则
//连接远程visualbox虚拟机ubtuntu的redis，形成一个分布式的登录验证
string remoteIp = "10.93.85.66";
int remotePort = 6379;
string remoteDbPassword = "123456";
//RedisClient(地址,端口，密码，0)
using (var client = new RedisClient(remoteIp, remotePort, remoteDbPassword, 0))
{
string strToken = token.SignToken.ToString();
if (client.Exists(userId) > 0)
client.Del(userId);
if (client.Add(userId, strToken))
{
//设置key的过期时间为12s
client.Expire(userId, 12);
return token.SignToken.ToString();
}
else
return string.Format("远程虚拟机{0}的redis创建token失败", remoteIp);
}
}
}
}
6 编写.NET WebApi的ActionFilterAttribute令牌验证
WebApiSecurityFilter.cs
using ServiceStack.Redis;
using SSLWebApi.Models;
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Http.Controllers;
using System.Web.Http.Filters;
namespace SSLWebApi.Filter
{
public class WebApiSecurityFilter : ActionFilterAttribute
{
public override void OnActionExecuting(HttpActionContext actionContext)
{
if (actionContext.ActionDescriptor.ActionName == "Login")
{
//登录成功则生成token
base.OnActionExecuting(actionContext);
return;
}
else
{
//判断token令牌
HttpRequestMessage request = actionContext.Request;
string staffid = request.Headers.Contains("userid") ? HttpUtility.UrlDecode(request.Headers.GetValues("userid").FirstOrDefault()) : string.Empty;
string timestamp = request.Headers.Contains("timestamp") ? HttpUtility.UrlDecode(request.Headers.GetValues("timestamp").FirstOrDefault()) : string.Empty;
string nonce = request.Headers.Contains("nonce") ? HttpUtility.UrlDecode(request.Headers.GetValues("nonce").FirstOrDefault()) : string.Empty;
string signature = request.Headers.Contains("signature") ? HttpUtility.UrlDecode(request.Headers.GetValues("signature").FirstOrDefault()) : string.Empty;
if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(staffid) || String.IsNullOrEmpty(timestamp) || String.IsNullOrEmpty(nonce) || String.IsNullOrEmpty(signature))
{
//令牌检验不通过
actionContext.Response = new HttpResponseMessage(System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Forbidden);
return;
}
else
{
string remoteIp = "10.93.85.66";
int remotePort = 6379;
string remoteDbPassword = "123456";
using (var client = new RedisClient(remoteIp, remotePort, remoteDbPassword, 0))
{
//令牌检验是否存在这个用户
if (client.Exists(staffid) > 0)
{
string tempStr = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(client.Get(staffid));
if (tempStr.Trim('"').Equals(signature))
{
//时间转换成功、时间有效、token值相等
//令牌通过
base.OnActionExecuting(actionContext);
return;
}
else
{
actionContext.Response = new HttpResponseMessage(System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Forbidden);
return;
}
}
else
{
actionContext.Response = new HttpResponseMessage(System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Forbidden);
return;
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
7 编写.NET WebApi的服务端
UserController.cs
using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Web.Http;
namespace SSLWebApi.Controllers
{
[RoutePrefix("api/User")]
public class UserController : ApiController
{
/// <summary>
/// 获取当前用户信息
/// </summary>
/// <param name="msg"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
[HttpPost]
[Route("PostMessage")]
public string PostMessage(dynamic obj)
{
return string.Format("当前输入的消息是:{0}", Convert.ToString(obj.msg));
}
[Route("GetMachine")]
public string GetMachine()
{
string AddressIP = string.Empty;
foreach (IPAddress _IPAddress in Dns.GetHostEntry(Dns.GetHostName()).AddressList)
{
if (_IPAddress.AddressFamily.ToString() == "InterNetwork")
{
AddressIP = _IPAddress.ToString();
}
}
return string.Format("当前WebApi部署的IP是：{0}", AddressIP);
}
}
}
8 编写.NET WebApi的客户端
WebApiHelper.cs
using Newtonsoft.Json;
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;
namespace SSLWebApiClient.Common
{
public class WebApiHelper
{
/// <summary>
/// Post请求
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="url">url</param>
/// <param name="data">数据</param>
/// <param name="userid">帐户</param>
/// <param name="signature">数字签名</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string Post(string url, string data, string userid, string signature)
{
return PostData(url, data, userid, signature);
}
/// <summary>
/// Post请求
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="url">url</param>
/// <param name="data">数据</param>
/// <param name="userid">帐户</param>
/// <param name="signature">数字签名</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static T Post<T>(string url, string data, string userid, string signature)
{
return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<T>(Post(url, data, userid, signature));
}
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
/// <param name="webApi"></param>
/// <param name="queryStr"></param>
/// <param name="userid"></param>
/// <param name="signature"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string Get(string webApi, string queryStr, string userid, string signature)
{
return GetData(webApi, queryStr, userid, signature);
}
/// <summary>
/// Get请求
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="webApi"></param>
/// <param name="query"></param>
/// <param name="queryStr"></param>
/// <param name="userid"></param>
/// <param name="signature"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static T Get<T>(string webApi, string queryStr, string userid, string signature)
{
return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<T>(GetData(webApi, queryStr, userid, signature));
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取时间戳
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
private static string GetTimeStamp()
{
TimeSpan ts = DateTime.Now - new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0);
return ts.TotalSeconds.ToString();
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取随机数
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
private static string GetRandom()
{
Random rd = new Random(DateTime.Now.Millisecond);
int i = rd.Next(0, int.MaxValue);
return i.ToString();
}
/// <summary>
/// Post请求
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url"></param>
/// <param name="data"></param>
/// <param name="userid">用户名称</param>
/// <param name="signature">数字签名</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static string PostData(string url, string data, string userid, string signature)
{
try
{
byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(data);
HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
string timeStamp = GetTimeStamp();
string nonce = GetRandom();
//加入头信息
//当前请求用户
request.Headers.Add("userid", userid);
//发起请求时的时间戳（单位：秒）
request.Headers.Add("timestamp", timeStamp);
//发起请求时的时间戳（单位：秒）
request.Headers.Add("nonce", nonce);
//当前请求内容的数字签名
request.Headers.Add("signature", signature);
//写数据
request.Method = "POST";
request.ContentLength = bytes.Length;
request.ContentType = "application/json";
request.GetRequestStream().Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
//读数据
request.Timeout = 300000;
request.Headers.Set("Pragma", "no-cache");
HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
Stream streamReceive = response.GetResponseStream();
StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(streamReceive, Encoding.UTF8);
string strResult = streamReader.ReadToEnd();
//关闭流
//reqstream.Close();
streamReader.Close();
streamReceive.Close();
request.Abort();
response.Close();
return strResult;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
return ex.Message;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Get请求
/// </summary>
/// <param name="webApi"></param>
/// <param name="queryStr"></param>
/// <param name="userid"></param>
/// <param name="signature"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static string GetData(string webApi, string queryStr, string userid, string signature)
{
try
{
HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(webApi + "?" + queryStr);
string timeStamp = GetTimeStamp();
string nonce = GetRandom();
//加入头信息
//当前请求用户
request.Headers.Add("userid", userid);
//发起请求时的时间戳（单位：秒）
request.Headers.Add("timestamp", timeStamp);
//发起请求时的时间戳（单位：秒）
request.Headers.Add("nonce", nonce);
//当前请求内容的数字签名
request.Headers.Add("signature", signature);
request.Method = "GET";
request.ContentType = "application/json";
request.Timeout = 90000;
request.Headers.Set("Pragma", "no-cache");
HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
Stream streamReceive = response.GetResponseStream();
StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(streamReceive, Encoding.UTF8);
string strResult = streamReader.ReadToEnd();
streamReader.Close();
streamReceive.Close();
request.Abort();
response.Close();
return strResult;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
return ex.Message;
}
}
}
}
Program.cs
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;
using Newtonsoft.Json;
namespace SSLWebApiClient
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
string basicUrl = "http://zhyongfeng.com";
string html = string.Empty;
for (int i = 0; i < 1; i++)
{
//https协议基本认证 Authorization
string url = basicUrl + "/api/base/Login?userId=zhyongfeng";
ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback = delegate { return true; };
HttpWebRequest req = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
NetworkCredential credential = new NetworkCredential("zhyongfeng", "123456");
req.Credentials = credential;
HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)req.GetResponse();
Stream responseStream = response.GetResponseStream();
StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(responseStream, Encoding.UTF8);
html = streamReader.ReadToEnd().Replace("\"", "");
Console.WriteLine("Redis Token服务器保存时间为12s");
Console.WriteLine(String.Format("Redis服务器返回的Token值为:{0}", html));
}
//token设置了12s有效期
for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++)
{
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000);
string url = basicUrl + "/api/user/PostMessage";
Console.WriteLine(Common.WebApiHelper.Post(url, JsonConvert.SerializeObject(new { msg = "hello" }), "zhyongfeng", html));
}
for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++)
{
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000);
string url = basicUrl + "/api/user/GetMachine";
Console.WriteLine(Common.WebApiHelper.Get(url, null, "zhyongfeng", html));
}
Console.Read();
}
}
}
9 部署WebApi到本机
将WebApi部署到以下10.93.85.66（因网络限制，所以这里只做单个集群，虚拟机ubuntu中的数据redis主要是NAT网络连接方式，使用端口转发进行访问）
通过自主义域名zhyongfeng.com：80端口进行负载均衡集群访问，则访问C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts，添加下列“本机IP 自定义的域名”：
10.93.85.66 zhyongfeng.com
Nginx的集群配置：
worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
upstream zhyongfeng.com {
server 10.93.85.66:20107;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
proxy_pass http://zhyongfeng.com;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
}
}
运行CMD：
D:\DTLDownLoads\nginx-1.10.2>start nginx D:\DTLDownLoads\nginx-1.10.2>nginx -s reload11 运行结果
访问集群：http://zhyongfeng.com
WebApi经过Action过滤器，生成了Token值，并存储到Redis，运行结果如下：
Nginx集群使用Redis数据库，客户端利用 http basic身份验证，访问WebApi获得Token并将Token存储到Redis内在数据库，通过Token值获取相应的权限数据，这样子可以做到单点登录，集群分布式的身份验证效果。既方便了用户在整个业务领域的系统操作，同时可以为整个公司、集团等各个区域的系统进行统一有效的身份验证管理。
源代码下载：
http://download.csdn.net/download/ruby_matlab/10155491
PDF下载：
Nginx集群之基于Redis的WebApi身份验证.pdf