JavaScript中的prototype.bind()方法介绍_基础知识
程序员文章站
2022-04-10 11:37:00
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以前,你可能会直接设置self=this或者that=this等等,这样做当然也能起作用,但是使用Function.prototype.bind()会更好,看上去也更专业。
下面举个简单的例子:
var myObj = {
specialFunction: function () {
},
anotherSpecialFunction: function () {
},
getAsyncData: function (cb) {
cb();
},
render: function () {
var that = this;
this.getAsyncData(function () {
that.specialFunction();
that.anotherSpecialFunction();
});
}
};
myObj.render();
在这个例子中,为了保持myObj上下文,设置了一个变量that=this,这样是可行的,但是没有使用Function.prototype.bind()看着更整洁:
render: function () {
this.getAsyncData(function () {
this.specialFunction();
this.anotherSpecialFunction();
}.bind(this));
}
var foo = {
x: 3
};
var bar = function(){
console.log(this.x);
};
bar(); // undefined
var boundFunc = bar.bind(foo);
boundFunc(); // 3
if (!Function.prototype.bind) {
Function.prototype.bind = function (oThis) {
if (typeof this !== "function") {
// closest thing possible to the ECMAScript 5 internal IsCallable function
throw new TypeError("Function.prototype.bind - what is trying to be bound is not callable");
}
var aArgs = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1),
fToBind = this,
fNOP = function () {},
fBound = function () {
return fToBind.apply(this instanceof fNOP && oThis
? this
: oThis,
aArgs.concat(Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments)));
};
fNOP.prototype = this.prototype;
fBound.prototype = new fNOP();
return fBound;
};
}
下面举个简单的例子:
复制代码 代码如下:
var myObj = {
specialFunction: function () {
},
anotherSpecialFunction: function () {
},
getAsyncData: function (cb) {
cb();
},
render: function () {
var that = this;
this.getAsyncData(function () {
that.specialFunction();
that.anotherSpecialFunction();
});
}
};
myObj.render();
在这个例子中,为了保持myObj上下文,设置了一个变量that=this,这样是可行的,但是没有使用Function.prototype.bind()看着更整洁:
复制代码 代码如下:
render: function () {
this.getAsyncData(function () {
this.specialFunction();
this.anotherSpecialFunction();
}.bind(this));
}
在调用.bind()时,它会简单的创建一个新的函数,然后把this传给这个函数。实现.bind()的代码大概是这样的:
复制代码 代码如下:
Function.prototype.bind = function (scope) {
var fn = this;
return function () {
return fn.apply(scope);
};
}
var fn = this;
return function () {
return fn.apply(scope);
};
}
下面在看一个简单的使用Function.prototype.bind()的例子:
复制代码 代码如下:
var foo = {
x: 3
};
var bar = function(){
console.log(this.x);
};
bar(); // undefined
var boundFunc = bar.bind(foo);
boundFunc(); // 3
是不是很好用呢!不过遗憾的是IE8及以下的IE浏览器并不支持Function.prototype.bind()。支持的浏览器有Chrome 7+,Firefox 4.0+,IE 9+,Opera 11.60+,Safari 5.1.4+。虽然IE 8/7/6等浏览器不支持,但是Mozilla开发组为老版本的IE浏览器写了一个功能类似的函数,代码如下:
复制代码 代码如下:
if (!Function.prototype.bind) {
Function.prototype.bind = function (oThis) {
if (typeof this !== "function") {
// closest thing possible to the ECMAScript 5 internal IsCallable function
throw new TypeError("Function.prototype.bind - what is trying to be bound is not callable");
}
var aArgs = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1),
fToBind = this,
fNOP = function () {},
fBound = function () {
return fToBind.apply(this instanceof fNOP && oThis
? this
: oThis,
aArgs.concat(Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments)));
};
fNOP.prototype = this.prototype;
fBound.prototype = new fNOP();
return fBound;
};
}
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