欢迎您访问程序员文章站本站旨在为大家提供分享程序员计算机编程知识!
您现在的位置是: 首页  >  微信小程序

微信开发之消息体签名和加解密

程序员文章站 2022-04-09 23:09:47
...
前几篇主要是微信开发的准备工作,也没有什么技术含量。在第一篇和第二篇中,我主要讲的是使用花生壳来配合vs进行代码调试,也一度被园友吐槽本人是花生壳请来的逗比,没办法,为了和花生壳划清界限,在本篇进入正文前,为大家介绍一个比花生壳更好用的工具ngrok,ngrok的好处我就不在此具体说明了,毕竟不是本文的重点

出于安全考虑,微信公众平台在10月份的时候加入了消息体的加解密功能,首先,需要先验证签名,用于公众平台和公众账号验证消息体的正确性,其次,针对推送给公众号的普通消息和事件消息,以及推送给设备公众账号的设备进行加密,最后,公众号对密文消息的回复也需要加密。启用加解密功能后,公众平台服务器在向公众号服务器配置地址推送消息时,url将新增加两个参数,一个是加密类型一个是消息体签名,并以此来体现新功能。加密算法采用AES。关于明文模式,兼容模式,安全模式的说明,大家请参考官方文档.

验证消息真实性和加解密的帮助类官方提供的有demo,再次不详细讲述了,下载下来可以直接调用,下面请看代码:

using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Text;using System.Security.Cryptography;using System.IO;using System.Net;namespace WxApi
{    public class Cryptography
    {        public static UInt32 HostToNetworkOrder(UInt32 inval)
        {
            UInt32 outval = 0;            for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
                outval = (outval << 8) + ((inval >> (i * 8)) & 255);            return outval;
        }        public static Int32 HostToNetworkOrder(Int32 inval)
        {
            Int32 outval = 0;            for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
                outval = (outval << 8) + ((inval >> (i * 8)) & 255);            return outval;
        }        /// <summary>
        /// 解密方法        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="Input">密文</param>
        /// <param name="EncodingAESKey"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        /// 
        public static string AES_decrypt(String Input, string EncodingAESKey, ref string appid)
        {            byte[] Key;
            Key = Convert.FromBase64String(EncodingAESKey + "=");            byte[] Iv = new byte[16];
            Array.Copy(Key, Iv, 16);            byte[] btmpMsg = AES_decrypt(Input, Iv, Key);            int len = BitConverter.ToInt32(btmpMsg, 16);
            len = IPAddress.NetworkToHostOrder(len);            byte[] bMsg = new byte[len];            byte[] bAppid = new byte[btmpMsg.Length - 20 - len];
            Array.Copy(btmpMsg, 20, bMsg, 0, len);
            Array.Copy(btmpMsg, 20 + len, bAppid, 0, btmpMsg.Length - 20 - len);            string oriMsg = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bMsg);
            appid = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bAppid);            return oriMsg;
        }        public static String AES_encrypt(String Input, string EncodingAESKey, string appid)
        {            byte[] Key;
            Key = Convert.FromBase64String(EncodingAESKey + "=");            byte[] Iv = new byte[16];
            Array.Copy(Key, Iv, 16);            string Randcode = CreateRandCode(16);            byte[] bRand = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(Randcode);            byte[] bAppid = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(appid);            byte[] btmpMsg = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(Input);            byte[] bMsgLen = BitConverter.GetBytes(HostToNetworkOrder(btmpMsg.Length));            byte[] bMsg = new byte[bRand.Length + bMsgLen.Length + bAppid.Length + btmpMsg.Length];

            Array.Copy(bRand, bMsg, bRand.Length);
            Array.Copy(bMsgLen, 0, bMsg, bRand.Length, bMsgLen.Length);
            Array.Copy(btmpMsg, 0, bMsg, bRand.Length + bMsgLen.Length, btmpMsg.Length);
            Array.Copy(bAppid, 0, bMsg, bRand.Length + bMsgLen.Length + btmpMsg.Length, bAppid.Length);            return AES_encrypt(bMsg, Iv, Key);

        }        private static string CreateRandCode(int codeLen)
        {            string codeSerial = "2,3,4,5,6,7,a,c,d,e,f,h,i,j,k,m,n,p,r,s,t,A,C,D,E,F,G,H,J,K,M,N,P,Q,R,S,U,V,W,X,Y,Z";            if (codeLen == 0)
            {
                codeLen = 16;
            }            string[] arr = codeSerial.Split(',');            string code = "";            int randValue = -1;
            Random rand = new Random(unchecked((int)DateTime.Now.Ticks));            for (int i = 0; i < codeLen; i++)
            {
                randValue = rand.Next(0, arr.Length - 1);
                code += arr[randValue];
            }            return code;
        }        private static String AES_encrypt(String Input, byte[] Iv, byte[] Key)
        {            var aes = new RijndaelManaged();            //秘钥的大小,以位为单位
            aes.KeySize = 256;            //支持的块大小
            aes.BlockSize = 128;            //填充模式
            aes.Padding = PaddingMode.PKCS7;
            aes.Mode = CipherMode.CBC;
            aes.Key = Key;
            aes.IV = Iv;            var encrypt = aes.CreateEncryptor(aes.Key, aes.IV);            byte[] xBuff = null;            using (var ms = new MemoryStream())
            {                using (var cs = new CryptoStream(ms, encrypt, CryptoStreamMode.Write))
                {                    byte[] xXml = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(Input);
                    cs.Write(xXml, 0, xXml.Length);
                }
                xBuff = ms.ToArray();
            }
            String Output = Convert.ToBase64String(xBuff);            return Output;
        }        private static String AES_encrypt(byte[] Input, byte[] Iv, byte[] Key)
        {            var aes = new RijndaelManaged();            //秘钥的大小,以位为单位
            aes.KeySize = 256;            //支持的块大小
            aes.BlockSize = 128;            //填充模式            //aes.Padding = PaddingMode.PKCS7;
            aes.Padding = PaddingMode.None;
            aes.Mode = CipherMode.CBC;
            aes.Key = Key;
            aes.IV = Iv;            var encrypt = aes.CreateEncryptor(aes.Key, aes.IV);            byte[] xBuff = null;            #region 自己进行PKCS7补位,用系统自己带的不行            byte[] msg = new byte[Input.Length + 32 - Input.Length % 32];
            Array.Copy(Input, msg, Input.Length);            byte[] pad = KCS7Encoder(Input.Length);
            Array.Copy(pad, 0, msg, Input.Length, pad.Length);            #endregion

            #region 注释的也是一种方法,效果一样            //ICryptoTransform transform = aes.CreateEncryptor();            //byte[] xBuff = transform.TransformFinalBlock(msg, 0, msg.Length);
            #endregion

            using (var ms = new MemoryStream())
            {                using (var cs = new CryptoStream(ms, encrypt, CryptoStreamMode.Write))
                {
                    cs.Write(msg, 0, msg.Length);
                }
                xBuff = ms.ToArray();
            }

            String Output = Convert.ToBase64String(xBuff);            return Output;
        }        private static byte[] KCS7Encoder(int text_length)
        {            int block_size = 32;            // 计算需要填充的位数
            int amount_to_pad = block_size - (text_length % block_size);            if (amount_to_pad == 0)
            {
                amount_to_pad = block_size;
            }            // 获得补位所用的字符
            char pad_chr = chr(amount_to_pad);            string tmp = "";            for (int index = 0; index < amount_to_pad; index++)
            {
                tmp += pad_chr;
            }            return Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(tmp);
        }        /**
         * 将数字转化成ASCII码对应的字符,用于对明文进行补码
         * 
         * @param a 需要转化的数字
         * @return 转化得到的字符         */
        static char chr(int a)
        {            byte target = (byte)(a & 0xFF);            return (char)target;
        }        private static byte[] AES_decrypt(String Input, byte[] Iv, byte[] Key)
        {
            RijndaelManaged aes = new RijndaelManaged();
            aes.KeySize = 256;
            aes.BlockSize = 128;
            aes.Mode = CipherMode.CBC;
            aes.Padding = PaddingMode.None;
            aes.Key = Key;
            aes.IV = Iv;            var decrypt = aes.CreateDecryptor(aes.Key, aes.IV);            byte[] xBuff = null;            using (var ms = new MemoryStream())
            {                using (var cs = new CryptoStream(ms, decrypt, CryptoStreamMode.Write))
                {                    byte[] xXml = Convert.FromBase64String(Input);                    byte[] msg = new byte[xXml.Length + 32 - xXml.Length % 32];
                    Array.Copy(xXml, msg, xXml.Length);
                    cs.Write(xXml, 0, xXml.Length);
                }
                xBuff = decode2(ms.ToArray());
            }            return xBuff;
        }        private static byte[] decode2(byte[] decrypted)
        {            int pad = (int)decrypted[decrypted.Length - 1];            if (pad < 1 || pad > 32)
            {
                pad = 0;
            }            byte[] res = new byte[decrypted.Length - pad];
            Array.Copy(decrypted, 0, res, 0, decrypted.Length - pad);            return res;
        }
    }
}
using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Text;using System.Xml;using System.Collections;//using System.Web;using System.Security.Cryptography;//-40001 : 签名验证错误//-40002 :  xml解析失败//-40003 :  sha加密生成签名失败//-40004 :  AESKey 非法//-40005 :  appid 校验错误//-40006 :  AES 加密失败//-40007 : AES 解密失败//-40008 : 解密后得到的buffer非法//-40009 :  base64加密异常//-40010 :  base64解密异常namespace WxApi
{   public class MsgCrypt
    {        string m_sToken;        string m_sEncodingAESKey;        string m_sAppID;        enum WXBizMsgCryptErrorCode
        {
            WXBizMsgCrypt_OK = 0,
            WXBizMsgCrypt_ValidateSignature_Error = -40001,
            WXBizMsgCrypt_ParseXml_Error = -40002,
            WXBizMsgCrypt_ComputeSignature_Error = -40003,
            WXBizMsgCrypt_IllegalAesKey = -40004,
            WXBizMsgCrypt_ValidateAppid_Error = -40005,
            WXBizMsgCrypt_EncryptAES_Error = -40006,
            WXBizMsgCrypt_DecryptAES_Error = -40007,
            WXBizMsgCrypt_IllegalBuffer = -40008,
            WXBizMsgCrypt_EncodeBase64_Error = -40009,
            WXBizMsgCrypt_DecodeBase64_Error = -40010
        };        //构造函数        // @param sToken: 公众平台上,开发者设置的Token        // @param sEncodingAESKey: 公众平台上,开发者设置的EncodingAESKey        // @param sAppID: 公众帐号的appid
        public MsgCrypt(string sToken, string sEncodingAESKey, string sAppID)
        {
            m_sToken = sToken;
            m_sAppID = sAppID;
            m_sEncodingAESKey = sEncodingAESKey;
        }        // 检验消息的真实性,并且获取解密后的明文        // @param sMsgSignature: 签名串,对应URL参数的msg_signature        // @param sTimeStamp: 时间戳,对应URL参数的timestamp        // @param sNonce: 随机串,对应URL参数的nonce        // @param sPostData: 密文,对应POST请求的数据        // @param sMsg: 解密后的原文,当return返回0时有效        // @return: 成功0,失败返回对应的错误码
        public int DecryptMsg(string sMsgSignature, string sTimeStamp, string sNonce, string sPostData, ref string sMsg)
        {            if (m_sEncodingAESKey.Length != 43)
            {                return (int)WXBizMsgCryptErrorCode.WXBizMsgCrypt_IllegalAesKey;
            }
            XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
            XmlNode root;            string sEncryptMsg;            try
            {
                doc.LoadXml(sPostData);
                root = doc.FirstChild;
                sEncryptMsg = root["Encrypt"].InnerText;
            }            catch (Exception)
            {                return (int)WXBizMsgCryptErrorCode.WXBizMsgCrypt_ParseXml_Error;
            }            //verify signature
            int ret = 0;
            ret = VerifySignature(m_sToken, sTimeStamp, sNonce, sEncryptMsg, sMsgSignature);            if (ret != 0)                return ret;            //decrypt
            string cpid = "";            try
            {
                sMsg = Cryptography.AES_decrypt(sEncryptMsg, m_sEncodingAESKey, ref cpid);
            }            catch (FormatException)
            {                return (int)WXBizMsgCryptErrorCode.WXBizMsgCrypt_DecodeBase64_Error;
            }            catch (Exception)
            {                return (int)WXBizMsgCryptErrorCode.WXBizMsgCrypt_DecryptAES_Error;
            }            if (cpid != m_sAppID)                return (int)WXBizMsgCryptErrorCode.WXBizMsgCrypt_ValidateAppid_Error;            return 0;
        }        //将企业号回复用户的消息加密打包        // @param sReplyMsg: 企业号待回复用户的消息,xml格式的字符串        // @param sTimeStamp: 时间戳,可以自己生成,也可以用URL参数的timestamp        // @param sNonce: 随机串,可以自己生成,也可以用URL参数的nonce        // @param sEncryptMsg: 加密后的可以直接回复用户的密文,包括msg_signature, timestamp, nonce, encrypt的xml格式的字符串,        //                        当return返回0时有效        // return:成功0,失败返回对应的错误码
        public int EncryptMsg(string sReplyMsg, string sTimeStamp, string sNonce, ref string sEncryptMsg)
        {            if (m_sEncodingAESKey.Length != 43)
            {                return (int)WXBizMsgCryptErrorCode.WXBizMsgCrypt_IllegalAesKey;
            }            string raw = "";            try
            {
                raw = Cryptography.AES_encrypt(sReplyMsg, m_sEncodingAESKey, m_sAppID);
            }            catch (Exception)
            {                return (int)WXBizMsgCryptErrorCode.WXBizMsgCrypt_EncryptAES_Error;
            }            string MsgSigature = "";            int ret = 0;
            ret = GenarateSinature(m_sToken, sTimeStamp, sNonce, raw, ref MsgSigature);            if (0 != ret)                return ret;
            sEncryptMsg = "";            string EncryptLabelHead = "<Encrypt><![CDATA[";            string EncryptLabelTail = "]]></Encrypt>";            string MsgSigLabelHead = "<MsgSignature><![CDATA[";            string MsgSigLabelTail = "]]></MsgSignature>";            string TimeStampLabelHead = "<TimeStamp><![CDATA[";            string TimeStampLabelTail = "]]></TimeStamp>";            string NonceLabelHead = "<Nonce><![CDATA[";            string NonceLabelTail = "]]></Nonce>";
            sEncryptMsg = sEncryptMsg + "<xml>" + EncryptLabelHead + raw + EncryptLabelTail;
            sEncryptMsg = sEncryptMsg + MsgSigLabelHead + MsgSigature + MsgSigLabelTail;
            sEncryptMsg = sEncryptMsg + TimeStampLabelHead + sTimeStamp + TimeStampLabelTail;
            sEncryptMsg = sEncryptMsg + NonceLabelHead + sNonce + NonceLabelTail;
            sEncryptMsg += "</xml>";            return 0;
        }        public class DictionarySort : System.Collections.IComparer
        {            public int Compare(object oLeft, object oRight)
            {                string sLeft = oLeft as string;                string sRight = oRight as string;                int iLeftLength = sLeft.Length;                int iRightLength = sRight.Length;                int index = 0;                while (index < iLeftLength && index < iRightLength)
                {                    if (sLeft[index] < sRight[index])                        return -1;                    else if (sLeft[index] > sRight[index])                        return 1;                    else
                        index++;
                }                return iLeftLength - iRightLength;

            }
        }        //Verify Signature
        private static int VerifySignature(string sToken, string sTimeStamp, string sNonce, string sMsgEncrypt, string sSigture)
        {            string hash = "";            int ret = 0;
            ret = GenarateSinature(sToken, sTimeStamp, sNonce, sMsgEncrypt, ref hash);            if (ret != 0)                return ret;            //System.Console.WriteLine(hash);
            if (hash == sSigture)                return 0;            else
            {                return (int)WXBizMsgCryptErrorCode.WXBizMsgCrypt_ValidateSignature_Error;
            }
        }        public static int GenarateSinature(string sToken, string sTimeStamp, string sNonce, string sMsgEncrypt, ref string sMsgSignature)
        {
            ArrayList AL = new ArrayList();
            AL.Add(sToken);
            AL.Add(sTimeStamp);
            AL.Add(sNonce);
            AL.Add(sMsgEncrypt);
            AL.Sort(new DictionarySort());            string raw = "";            for (int i = 0; i < AL.Count; ++i)
            {
                raw += AL[i];
            }

            SHA1 sha;
            ASCIIEncoding enc;            string hash = "";            try
            {
                sha = new SHA1CryptoServiceProvider();
                enc = new ASCIIEncoding();                byte[] dataToHash = enc.GetBytes(raw);                byte[] dataHashed = sha.ComputeHash(dataToHash);
                hash = BitConverter.ToString(dataHashed).Replace("-", "");
                hash = hash.ToLower();
            }            catch (Exception)
            {                return (int)WXBizMsgCryptErrorCode.WXBizMsgCrypt_ComputeSignature_Error;
            }
            sMsgSignature = hash;            return 0;
        }
    }
}

在处理程序中,首先获取到公众平台服务器发送过来的数据,并转成字符串。代码如下

string postStr = "";
            Stream s = VqiRequest.GetInputStream();//此方法是对System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Request.InputStream的封装,可直接代码
            byte[] b = new byte[s.Length];
            s.Read(b, 0, (int)s.Length);
            postStr = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(b);

然后再分别获取url中的参数:timestamp,nonce,msg_signature,encrypt_type。可以看到,在明文模式下是没有encrypt_type参数的。如图:

微信开发之消息体签名和加解密

明文模式

微信开发之消息体签名和加解密

兼容模式和安全模式

兼容模式和安全模式则加入了消息体的签名与加密类型两个参数。

由于在实际的运营中,兼容模式不太可能使用,所以在此不做详细介绍了。

接着上面的讲。获取到url中的参数后,判断encrypt_type的值是否为aes,如果是则说明是使用的兼容模式或安全模式,此时则需调用解密相关的方法进行解密。

if (encrypt_type == "aes")
            {
                requestXML.IsAes = true;
                requestXML.EncodingAESKey = aeskey;
                requestXML.token = token;
                requestXML.appid = appid;                var ret = new MsgCrypt(token, aeskey, appid);                int r = ret.DecryptMsg(msg_signature, timestamp, nonce, postStr, ref data);                if (r!=0)
                {
                    WxApi.Base.WriteBug("消息解密失败");                    return null;
               
                }
            }

否则则直接解析接收到的xml字符串。

下图是接收到的密文:

微信开发之消息体签名和加解密

解密之后的内容如下:

微信开发之消息体签名和加解密

此时就可以解析此xml了。

当需要回复加密的请求时,回复的内容也是需要加密的,所以在回复前需要判断此条接收到的消息是否加密,如果是加密的,则需要将需要回复的内容加密后,再进行回复。回复消息的方法将在下一篇中具体讲解,此篇只讲解加密的过程。

处理代码如下:

private static void Response(WeiXinRequest requestXML, string data)
        {            if (requestXML.IsAes)
            {                var wxcpt = new MsgCrypt(requestXML.token, requestXML.EncodingAESKey, requestXML.appid);
                 wxcpt.EncryptMsg(data, Utils.ConvertDateTimeInt(DateTime.Now).ToString(), Utils.GetRamCode(), ref data);
            }
            Utils.ResponseWrite(data);
      
        }

将接收到的消息实体和需要回复的内容xml传递过来,如果是加密的,则加密后再Response,否则直接Response。

【相关推荐】

1.微信公众号平台源码下载

2.微智创T+微信机器人源码

以上就是微信开发之消息体签名和加解密的详细内容,更多请关注其它相关文章!