HAproxy指南之haproxy双机热备
haproxy的出现正是弥补nginx一些应用上不足,比如session会话保持,健康监控检测机制,负载算法等等,在很多应用环境中,nginx的代理性能会haproxy稍逊一些,不过在一些实际案例中,keepalive+nginx与keepalive+nginx往往会根据业务去选择,比如nginx有着haproxy没有的代理缓存的功能等等,如果需要用到缓存就可以使用nginx,总之:根据业务来选择这两者!
Keepalive+haproxy双机热备
如图所示为整体的拓扑图:
一.部署前说明:
(1)系统版本: centos 6.6(64位)
(2)角色及ip相关信息:
角色名称 | 网络ip信息 |
客户端(CIP) | 10.58.137.203/24 |
Master_DR | eth0:172.51.96.105/24 && eth1:192.168.0.105/24 |
Backup_DR | eth0:172.51.96.119/24 && eth1:192.168.0.119/24 |
VIP | 172.51.96.175/24 |
(3)相关中间件信息
keepalive版本信息: keepalived-1.2.15
nginx版本信息: haproxy-1.5.15 (提供proxy代理)
二.部署操作:
haproxy部署
分别在Master_DR和backup_DR上安装haproxy,操作如下:
1.1 到haproxy官网下载haproxy源码包如下
cd ~wget http://www.haproxy.org/download/1.5/src/haproxy-1.5.15.tar.gz
1.2 创建haproxy运行用户
groupadd -r haproxy useradd -r -g haproxy -M -s /sbin/nologin haproxy
1.3 编译安装haproxy:
cd ~tar zxvf haproxy-1.5.15.tar.gz -C /usr/local/srccd /usr/local/src/haproxy-1.5.15make TARGET=linux26 PREFIX=/usr/local/haproxymake install PREFIX=/usr/local/haproxy
注意:TARGET=Linux26 是通过uname -a 来查看Linux内核版本的
1.4 创建haproxy主配置文件:
mkdir /etc/haproxy/vim /etc/haproxyhaproxy.cfg
配置代码内容如****意主备server上haproxy.cfg配置要一致)
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Global settings
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
global
log 127.0.0.1 local3
maxconn 204800
chroot /usr/local/haproxy
user haproxy
group haproxy
daemon
nbproc 1
pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid
stats socket /usr/local/haproxy/stats
description haproxy server
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will
# use if not designated in their block
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
defaults
log global
mode http
maxconn 10000
option httplog
option httpclose
option dontlognull
option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8
retries 3
option redispatch
option abortonclose
balance roundrobin
timeout http-request 10s
timeout queue 1m
timeout connect 10s
timeout client 1m
timeout server 1m
timeout http-keep-alive 10s
timeout check 10s
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# use listen setting the haproxy status for site
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
listen admin_status
bind *:3030
mode http
log 127.0.0.1 local3 err
stats refresh 5s
stats uri /status
stats realm www.skeryp.com
stats auth admin:admin
stats hide-version
stats admin if TRUE
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# main listen which proxys to the backends
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
listen www
bind *:80
maxconn 5000
mode http
log global
option httplog
option httpclose
option forwardfor
log global
default_backend default
#<----------------------default site for listen and frontend------------------------------------>
backend default
mode http
option httpchk GET /index.html
server default 127.0.0.1:81 cookie id1 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 3 maxconn 5000
1.5 创建haproxy系统服务启动脚本:
关于haproxy服务脚本代码请访问:http://blief.blog.51cto.com/6170059/1750573
1.6 启动haproxy服务:
server haproxy restart
Keepalive部署
(1)分别在Master_DR和backup_DR上安装keepalive,操作如下:
1. 安装Keepalive所需要的相关依赖包:
yum install openssl-devel popt-devel libnl-devel kernel-devel -y
2. 编译安装keepalive
1.1 keepalived的源码获取
keepalived源码包我们可以到keepalived的官网:http://www.keepalived.org/去下载,相关说明文档亦可在其官网查看,比如keepalived的使用,相关配置说明,这里演示的版本为:1.2.15
cd ~wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.15.tar.gz
1.2 编译安装keepalived
<--编译安装keepalived-->
ln -s /usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-573.18.1.el6.x86_64/ /usr/src/linuxtar zxvf keepalived-1.2.15.tar.gz -C /usr/local/srccd /usr/local/src/keepalived-1.2.15/./configure \--prefix=/usr/local/keepalived \--with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-573.18.1.el6.x86_64 #2.6.32-573.18.1.el6.x86_64 这个需要根据kernel来匹配,一般安装了kernel-devel即可查看make make install
<--对keepalived进行相关路径优化调整-->
<---拷贝keepalived相关启动命令--->cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/ cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/ <---将keepalived启动脚本添加到系统服务--->cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/chkconfig --add keepalived chkconfig --level 2345 keepalived on<---创建keepalived相关配置文件--->mkdir -p /etc/keepalived cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived
(3)分别配置Master_DR以及Backup_DR上的keepalive实例,如下所示:
1. master_dr配置代码示例(主调度器)
vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
内容如下
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
aaa@qq.com
}
notification_email_from aaa@qq.com
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id DR_MASTER
}
vrrp_script check_haproxy { #表示创建一个脚本check_haproxy
script "/etc/keepalived/scripts/check_haproxy.sh" #引用的脚本路径
interval 3 #表示检测时间的间隔为3s
}
vrrp_instance http {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
dont_track_primary
nopreempt #不抢占master
track_interface { #表示需要检测的网卡
eth0
eth1
}
mcast_src_ip 172.51.96.105 #表示设置组播的源地址
garp_master_delay 6
virtual_router_id 60
priority 110
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
autp_pass 1234
}
virtual_ipaddress {
172.51.96.175/24 brd 172.51.96.255 dev eth0 label eth0:1
}
virtual_routes {
172.51.96.175/24 dev eth0
}
track_script {
check_haproxy
}
notify_master /etc/keepalived/scripts/state_master.sh
notify_backup /etc/keepalived/scripts/state_backup.sh
notify_fault /etc/keepalived/scripts/state_fault.sh
}
2. backup_dr配置示例(备调度器)
vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
内容如下
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
aaa@qq.com
}
notification_email_from aaa@qq.com
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id DR_BACKUP
}
vrrp_script check_haproxy {
script "/etc/keepalived/scripts/check_haproxy.sh"
interval 3
}
vrrp_instance http {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
dont_track_primary
track_interface {
eth0
eth1
}
mcast_src_ip 172.51.96.119
garp_master_delay 6
virtual_router_id 60
priority 105
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
autp_pass 1234
}
virtual_ipaddress {
172.51.96.175/24 brd 172.51.96.255 dev eth0 label eth0:1
}
virtual_routes {
172.51.96.175/24 dev eth0
}
track_script {
check_haproxy
}
notify_master /etc/keepalived/scripts/state_master.sh
notify_backup /etc/keepalived/scripts/state_backup.sh
notify_fault /etc/keepalived/scripts/state_fault.sh
}
3.分别在主调度server和备调度server编写以下脚本,如下:
i 当调度器为切换master server时,记录切换时间日志
vim /etc/keepalived/scripts/state_master.sh
代码如下:
#!/bin/bash
echo -e >> $LOGFILE
host=CN-SH-DR01 #设置当前的主机名
LOGFILE="/var/log/keepalived-state.log"
echo "[Master]" >> $LOGFILE
date >> $LOGFILE
echo "The ${host} Starting to become master server...." >> $LOGFILE 2>&1
echo "Please run the “ipvsadm -Ln” check the keepalived state ..." >> $LOGFILE
echo ".........................................................................!">> $LOGFILE
echo >>$LOGFILE
ii 当调度器为切换backup server时,记录切换时间日志
vim /etc/keepalived/scripts/state_backup.sh
代码如下:
#!/bin/bash
echo -e >> $LOGFILE
host=CN-SH-DR01 #设置当前的主机名
LOGFILE="/var/log/keepalived-state.log"
echo "[Backup]" >> $LOGFILE
date >> $LOGFILE
echo "The ${host} Starting to become Backup server...." >> $LOGFILE 2>&1
echo "Please run the “ipvsadm -Ln” check the state ..." >> $LOGFILE
echo "........................................................................!">> $LOGFILE
echo >> $LOGFILE
iii 当调度器出现错误时,记录错误时间日志
vim /etc/keepalived/scripts/state_fault.sh
代码如下:
#!/bin/bash
echo -e >> $LOGFILE
host=CN-SH-DR01 #设置当前的主机名
LOGFILE="/var/log/keepalived-state.log"
echo "[fault errot ]" >> $LOGFILE
date >> $LOGFILE
echo "The ${host} is fault error...." >> $LOGFILE 2>&1
echo "Please check the server state ..." >> $LOGFILE
echo "........................................................................!">> $LOGFILE
echo >> $LOGFILE
iiii 服务状态健康监测脚本,比如当haproxy不可用时,及时切换到backup调度器上
vim /etc/keepalived/scripts/check_haproxy.sh
#!/bin/bash
#nginx="/usr/local/haproxy/sbin/haproxy"
PID=`ps -C haproxy --no-heading|wc -l`
if [ "${PID}" = "0" ];
then
/etc/init.d/haproxy start
sleep 3
LOCK=`ps -C haproxy --no-heading|wc -l`
if [ "${LOCK}" = "0" ];
then
/etc/init.d/keepalived stop
fi
fi
(4)依次重启master_dr,backup-dr上keepalive服务
# service keepalived restart
三.测试验证:
在两台调度器安装web服务并创建相关测试页,如下:
master-dr主调度服务器的测试页面
[aaa@qq.com www]# curl 172.51.96.105:81
this is master server
[aaa@qq.com www]#
backup-dr备调度服务器的测试页面
[aaa@qq.com htdocs]# curl 172.51.96.119:81
this is backup server
[aaa@qq.com htdocs]#
通过messages查看vip抢夺情况,如下所示:
述上发现vip已经被master-dr抢夺,通过ifconfig看到master-dr已经存在vip地址,如下
在客户端通过:http://vip 就可以访问到页面,此时访问的是master-dr的页面:
我们在master-dr将keepalived服务停止掉,来模仿主调度器宕机情形:
[aaa@qq.com scripts]# service keepalived stop
Stopping keepalived: [ OK ]
[aaa@qq.com scripts]#
分别查看master-dr和backup-dr的keepalive日志:
此时vip已经由backup-dr接管了,因为master-dr上nginx服务异常,而keepalive会定时触发引用的检查脚本 “check_nginx”检查nginx状态,发现nginx可用就停止了keepalive服务,从而使vip顺利的飘逸到backup-dr上;
查看keepalive-state.log,可以看到master-dr和backup-dr会记录每个状态的的信息:同时日志记录脚本也会记录相关信息:
[aaa@qq.com sbin]# tail -10 /var/log/keepalived-state.log
The CN-SH-DR01 Starting to become Backup server....
Please run the “ipvsadm -Ln” check the state ...
...............................................................................!
[fault errot ]
Fri Mar 11 15:28:48 CST 2016
The CN-SH-DR01 is fault error....
Please check the server state ...
...............................................................................!
[aaa@qq.com htdocs]# tail -10 /var/log/keepalived-state.log
[Backup]
Fri Mar 11 14:42:56 CST 2016
The CN-SH-DR02 Starting to become Backup server....
Please run the “ipvsadm -Ln” check the state ...
...............................................................................!
[Master]
Fri Mar 11 15:06:58 CST 2016
The CN-SH-DR02 Starting to become master server....
Please run the “ipvsadm -Ln” check the state ...
...............................................................................!
再次访问http://vip 发现页面为backup-dr的页面:
到这里,整个keepalive+haproxy双机热备就部署完成了
总结:关于keepalive+haproxy双机热备适合很多web前端高可用集群应用,相对于keepalive+lvs案例应用,配置起来更方便,更简单,与它同样的经典应用案例:keepalive+nginx也是一个不错的双机热备方案,通常在需要高性能高可用反向代理场合,keepalive+haproxy是一个不错的选择方案。
文章来源:https://blog.51cto.com/blief/1753182
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