Android在类微信程序中实现蓝牙聊天功能的示例代码

项目要求

1.初次打开程序时右上角标题栏显示“无连接”，点击旁边的按钮选择“我的好友”，进入配对界面；
2.选择好友之后，返回主界面，标题栏会显示已连接的手机型号；
3.两部手机间可通过蓝牙聊天

效果展示

项目结构

主要代码

1.在清单文件中注册权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.bluetooth_admin" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.bluetooth" />

2.在文件res / values / strings.xml里，添加程序运行过程中的状态描述文本及配色代码等

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
 <string name="app_name">蓝牙demo</string> 
 <string name="send">发送</string>
 <string name="not_connected">你没有链接一个设备</string>
 <string name="bt_not_enabled_leaving">蓝牙不可用，离开聊天室</string>
 <string name="title_connecting">链接中...</string>
 <string name="title_connected_to">连接到：</string>
 <string name="title_not_connected">无链接</string> 
 <string name="scanning">蓝牙设备搜索中...</string>
 <string name="select_device">选择一个好友链接</string>
 <string name="none_paired">没有配对好友</string>
 <string name="none_found">附近没有发现好友</string>
 <string name="title_paired_devices">已配对好友</string>
 <string name="title_other_devices">其它可连接好友</string>
 <string name="button_scan">搜索好友</string>
 <string name="connect">我的好友</string>
 <string name="discoverable">设置在线</string>
 <string name="back">退出</string>
 <string name="startvideo">开始聊天</string>
 <string name="stopvideo">结束聊天</string> 
</resources>

用于蓝牙会话的服务组件chatservice.java中有三个内部类：acceptthread（接受新连接）、connectthread（发出连接）和connectedthread （已连接）。

// 创建监听线程，准备接受新连接。使用阻塞方式，调用 bluetoothserversocket.accept()
 private class acceptthread extends thread {
  private final bluetoothserversocket mmserversocket;

  public acceptthread() {
   bluetoothserversocket tmp = null;
   try {
    //使用射频端口（rf comm）监听
    tmp = madapter.listenusingrfcommwithservicerecord(name, my_uuid);
   } catch (ioexception e) {
   }
   mmserversocket = tmp;
  }

  @override
  public void run() {
   setname("acceptthread");
   bluetoothsocket socket = null;
   while (mstate != state_connected) {
    try {
     socket = mmserversocket.accept();
    } catch (ioexception e) {
     break;
    }
    if (socket != null) {
     synchronized (chatservice.this) {
      switch (mstate) {
       case state_listen:
       case state_connecting:
        connected(socket, socket.getremotedevice());
        break;
       case state_none:
       case state_connected:
        try {
         socket.close();
        } catch (ioexception e) {
         e.printstacktrace();
        }
        break;
      }
     }
    }
   }
  }

  public void cancel() {
   try {
    mmserversocket.close();
   } catch (ioexception e) {
    e.printstacktrace();
   }
  }
 }

 /*
  连接线程，专门用来对外发出连接对方蓝牙的请求和处理流程。
  构造函数里通过 bluetoothdevice.createrfcommsockettoservicerecord() ，
  从待连接的 device 产生 bluetoothsocket. 然后在 run 方法中 connect ，
  成功后调用 bluetoothchatsevice 的 connected() 方法。定义 cancel() 在关闭线程时能够关闭相关socket 。
  */
 private class connectthread extends thread {
  private final bluetoothsocket mmsocket;
  private final bluetoothdevice mmdevice;

  public connectthread(bluetoothdevice device) {
   mmdevice = device;
   bluetoothsocket tmp = null;
   try {
    tmp = device.createrfcommsockettoservicerecord(my_uuid);
   } catch (ioexception e) {
    e.printstacktrace();
   }
   mmsocket = tmp;
  }

  @override
  public void run() {
   setname("connectthread");
   madapter.canceldiscovery();
   try {
    mmsocket.connect();
   } catch (ioexception e) {
    connectionfailed();
    try {
     mmsocket.close();
    } catch (ioexception e2) {
     e.printstacktrace();
    }
    chatservice.this.start();
    return;
   }
   synchronized (chatservice.this) {
    mconnectthread = null;
   }
   connected(mmsocket, mmdevice);
  }

  public void cancel() {
   try {
    mmsocket.close();
   } catch (ioexception e) {
    e.printstacktrace();
   }
  }
 }

 /*
  双方蓝牙连接后一直运行的线程；构造函数中设置输入输出流。
  run()方法中使用阻塞模式的 inputstream.read()循环读取输入流，然后发送到 ui 线程中更新聊天消息。
  本线程也提供了 write() 将聊天消息写入输出流传输至对方，传输成功后回写入 ui 线程。最后使用cancel()关闭连接的 socket
  */
 private class connectedthread extends thread {
  private final bluetoothsocket mmsocket;
  private final inputstream mminstream;
  private final outputstream mmoutstream;

  public connectedthread(bluetoothsocket socket) {
   mmsocket = socket;
   inputstream tmpin = null;
   outputstream tmpout = null;
   try {
    tmpin = socket.getinputstream();
    tmpout = socket.getoutputstream();
   } catch (ioexception e) {
    e.printstacktrace();
   }
   mminstream = tmpin;
   mmoutstream = tmpout;
  }

  @override
  public void run() {
   byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
   int bytes;
   while (true) {
    try {
     bytes = mminstream.read(buffer);
     mhandler.obtainmessage(weixinfragment.message_read, bytes, -1, buffer).sendtotarget();
    } catch (ioexception e) {
     connectionlost();
     break;
    }
   }
  }

  public void write(byte[] buffer) {
   try {
    mmoutstream.write(buffer);
    mhandler.obtainmessage(weixinfragment.message_write, -1, -1, buffer).sendtotarget();
   } catch (ioexception e) {
    e.printstacktrace();
   }
  }

  public void cancel() {
   try {
    mmsocket.close();
   } catch (ioexception e) {
    e.printstacktrace();
   }
  }
 }

新建activity组件devicelist，实现拾取与之会话的蓝牙设备。本程序供菜单项主界面的选项菜单“我的友好”调用，用于：

（1）显示已配对的好友列表；
（2）搜索可配对的好友进行配对
（3）新选择并配对的蓝牙设备将刷新好友列表

注意：发现新的蓝牙设备并请求配对时，需要对应接受

关键技术：动态注册一个广播接收者，处理蓝牙设备扫描的结果

public class devicelist extends activity{
  private bluetoothadapter mbtadapter;
  private arrayadapter<string> mpaireddevicesarrayadapter;
  private arrayadapter<string> mnewdevicesarrayadapter;
  public static string extra_device_address = "device_address"; //mac地址
  //定义广播接收者，用于处理扫描蓝牙设备后的结果
  private final broadcastreceiver mreceiver = new broadcastreceiver() {
   @override
   public void onreceive(context context, intent intent) {
    string action = intent.getaction();
    if (bluetoothdevice.action_found.equals(action)) {
     bluetoothdevice device = intent.getparcelableextra(bluetoothdevice.extra_device);
     if (device.getbondstate() != bluetoothdevice.bond_bonded) {
      mnewdevicesarrayadapter.add(device.getname() + "\n" + device.getaddress());
     }
    } else if (bluetoothadapter.action_discovery_finished.equals(action)) {
     if (mnewdevicesarrayadapter.getcount() == 0) {
      string nodevices = getresources().gettext(r.string.none_found).tostring();
      mnewdevicesarrayadapter.add(nodevices);
     }
    }
   }
  };
  @override
  protected void oncreate(bundle savedinstancestate) {
   super.oncreate(savedinstancestate);
   setcontentview(r.layout.device_list);
   //在被调用活动里，设置返回结果码
   setresult(activity.result_canceled);
   init(); //活动界面
  }
  private void init() {
   button scanbutton = findviewbyid(r.id.button_scan);
   scanbutton.setonclicklistener(new onclicklistener() {
    public void onclick(view v) {
     toast.maketext(devicelist.this, r.string.scanning, toast.length_long).show();
     dodiscovery(); //搜索蓝牙设备
    }
   });
   mpaireddevicesarrayadapter = new arrayadapter<string>(this, r.layout.device_name);
   mnewdevicesarrayadapter = new arrayadapter<string>(this, r.layout.device_name);
   //已配对蓝牙设备列表
   listview pairedlistview =findviewbyid(r.id.paired_devices);
   pairedlistview.setadapter(mpaireddevicesarrayadapter);
   pairedlistview.setonitemclicklistener(mpairedeviceclicklistener);
   //未配对蓝牙设备列表
   listview newdeviceslistview = findviewbyid(r.id.new_devices);
   newdeviceslistview.setadapter(mnewdevicesarrayadapter);
   newdeviceslistview.setonitemclicklistener(mnewdeviceclicklistener);
   //动态注册广播接收者
   intentfilter filter = new intentfilter(bluetoothdevice.action_found);
   registerreceiver(mreceiver, filter);
   filter = new intentfilter(bluetoothadapter.action_discovery_finished);
   registerreceiver(mreceiver, filter);
   mbtadapter = bluetoothadapter.getdefaultadapter();
   set<bluetoothdevice> paireddevices = mbtadapter.getbondeddevices();
   if (paireddevices.size() > 0) {
    findviewbyid(r.id.title_paired_devices).setvisibility(view.visible);
    for (bluetoothdevice device : paireddevices) {
     mpaireddevicesarrayadapter.add(device.getname() + "\n" + device.getaddress());
    }
   } else {
    string nodevices = getresources().gettext(r.string.none_paired).tostring();
    mpaireddevicesarrayadapter.add(nodevices);
   }
  }
  @override
  protected void ondestroy() {
   super.ondestroy();
   if (mbtadapter != null) {
    mbtadapter.canceldiscovery();
   }
   this.unregisterreceiver(mreceiver);
  }
  private void dodiscovery() {
   findviewbyid(r.id.title_new_devices).setvisibility(view.visible);
   if (mbtadapter.isdiscovering()) {
    mbtadapter.canceldiscovery();
   }
   mbtadapter.startdiscovery(); //开始搜索蓝牙设备并产生广播
    //startdiscovery是一个异步方法
   //找到一个设备时就发送一个bluetoothdevice.action_found的广播
  }
  private onitemclicklistener mpairedeviceclicklistener = new onitemclicklistener() {
   public void onitemclick(adapterview<?> av, view v, int arg2, long arg3) {
    mbtadapter.canceldiscovery();
    string info = ((textview) v).gettext().tostring();
    string address = info.substring(info.length() - 17);
    intent intent = new intent();
    intent.putextra(extra_device_address, address); //mac地址
    setresult(activity.result_ok, intent);
    finish();
   }
  };
  private onitemclicklistener mnewdeviceclicklistener = new onitemclicklistener() {
   public void onitemclick(adapterview<?> av, view v, int arg2, long arg3) {
    mbtadapter.canceldiscovery();
    toast.maketext(devicelist.this, "请在蓝牙设置界面手动连接设备",toast.length_short).show();
    intent intent = new intent(settings.action_bluetooth_settings);
    startactivityforresult(intent,1);
   }
  };
  //回调方法：进入蓝牙配对设置界面返回后执行
  @override
  protected void onactivityresult(int requestcode, int resultcode, intent data) {
   super.onactivityresult(requestcode, resultcode, data);
   init(); //刷新好友列表
  }
 }

蓝牙会话的主activity组件程序fragment.java

public class weixinframent extends fragment {
 public static final int message_state_change = 1;
 public static final int message_read = 2;
 public static final int message_write = 3;
 public static final int message_device_name = 4;
 public static final int message_toast = 5;
 public static final string device_name = "device_name";
 public static final string toast = "toast";
 private static final int request_connect_device = 1; //请求连接设备
 private static final int request_enable_bt = 2;
 private textview mtitle;
 private listview mconversationview;
 private edittext moutedittext;
 private button msendbutton;
 private string mconnecteddevicename = null;
 private arrayadapter<string> mconversationarrayadapter;
 private stringbuffer moutstringbuffer;
 private bluetoothadapter mbluetoothadapter = null;
 private chatservice mchatservice = null;

 private view view;

 public weixinframent() {

 }

 @override
 public view oncreateview(layoutinflater inflater, viewgroup container,
        bundle savedinstancestate) {

  view = inflater.inflate(r.layout.tab_01, container, false);

  toolbar toolbar = view.findviewbyid(r.id.toolbar);
  sethasoptionsmenu(true);

  if (build.version.sdk_int >= build.version_codes.m) {
   if (contextcompat.checkselfpermission(this.getcontext(), manifest.permission.access_coarse_location) != packagemanager.permission_granted) {
    activitycompat.requestpermissions(getactivity(), new string[]{manifest.permission.access_coarse_location}, 1);
   }
  }

  //创建选项菜单
  toolbar.inflatemenu(r.menu.option_menu);
  //选项菜单监听
  toolbar.setonmenuitemclicklistener(new mymenuitemclicklistener());
  mtitle = view.findviewbyid(r.id.title_left_text);
  mtitle.settext(r.string.app_name);
  mtitle = view.findviewbyid(r.id.title_right_text);
  // 得到本地蓝牙适配器
  mbluetoothadapter = bluetoothadapter.getdefaultadapter();
  if (mbluetoothadapter == null) {
   toast.maketext(view.getcontext(), "蓝牙不可用", toast.length_long).show();
   getactivity().finish();
   return view;
  }
  if (!mbluetoothadapter.isenabled()) { //若当前设备蓝牙功能未开启
   intent enableintent = new intent(bluetoothadapter.action_request_enable);
   startactivityforresult(enableintent, request_enable_bt); //
  } else {
   if (mchatservice == null) {
    setupchat(); //创建会话
   }
  }

  return view;
 }

 @override
 public void onrequestpermissionsresult(int requestcode, string[] permissions, int[] grantresults) {
  super.onrequestpermissionsresult(requestcode, permissions, grantresults);
  if (grantresults.length > 0) {
   if (grantresults[0] != packagemanager.permission_granted) {
    toast.maketext(view.getcontext(), "未授权，蓝牙搜索功能将不可用！", toast.length_short).show();
   }
  }
 }

 @override
 public synchronized void onresume() { //synchronized：同步方法实现排队调用
  super.onresume();
  if (mchatservice != null) {
   if (mchatservice.getstate() == chatservice.state_none) {
    mchatservice.start();
   }
  }
 }

 private void setupchat() {
  mconversationarrayadapter = new arrayadapter<string>(view.getcontext(), r.layout.message);
  mconversationview = view.findviewbyid(r.id.in);
  mconversationview.setadapter(mconversationarrayadapter);
  moutedittext = view.findviewbyid(r.id.edit_text_out);
  moutedittext.setoneditoractionlistener(mwritelistener);
  msendbutton = view.findviewbyid(r.id.button_send);
  msendbutton.setonclicklistener(new view.onclicklistener() {
   public void onclick(view v) {
    textview textview = view.findviewbyid(r.id.edit_text_out);
    string message = textview.gettext().tostring();
    sendmessage(message);
   }
  });
  //创建服务对象
  mchatservice = new chatservice(view.getcontext(), mhandler);
  moutstringbuffer = new stringbuffer("");
 }

 @override
 public void ondestroy() {
  super.ondestroy();
  if (mchatservice != null)
   mchatservice.stop();
 }

 private void ensurediscoverable() { //修改本机蓝牙设备的可见性
  //打开手机蓝牙后，能被其它蓝牙设备扫描到的时间不是永久的
  if (mbluetoothadapter.getscanmode() != bluetoothadapter.scan_mode_connectable_discoverable) {
   intent discoverableintent = new intent(bluetoothadapter.action_request_discoverable);
   //设置在300秒内可见（能被扫描）
   discoverableintent.putextra(bluetoothadapter.extra_discoverable_duration, 300);
   startactivity(discoverableintent);
   toast.maketext(view.getcontext(), "已经设置本机蓝牙设备的可见性，对方可搜索了。", toast.length_short).show();
  }
 }

 private void sendmessage(string message) {
  if (mchatservice.getstate() != chatservice.state_connected) {
   toast.maketext(view.getcontext(), r.string.not_connected, toast.length_short).show();
   return;
  }
  if (message.length() > 0) {
   byte[] send = message.getbytes();
   mchatservice.write(send);
   moutstringbuffer.setlength(0);
   moutedittext.settext(moutstringbuffer);
  }
 }

 private textview.oneditoractionlistener mwritelistener = new textview.oneditoractionlistener() {
  @override
  public boolean oneditoraction(textview view, int actionid, keyevent event) {
   if (actionid == editorinfo.ime_null && event.getaction() == keyevent.action_up) {
    //软键盘里的回车也能发送消息
    string message = view.gettext().tostring();
    sendmessage(message);
   }
   return true;
  }
 };
 //使用handler对象在ui主线程与子线程之间传递消息
 private final handler mhandler = new handler() { //消息处理
  @override
  public void handlemessage(message msg) {
   switch (msg.what) {
    case message_state_change:
     switch (msg.arg1) {
      case chatservice.state_connected:
       mtitle.settext(r.string.title_connected_to);
       mtitle.append(mconnecteddevicename);
       mconversationarrayadapter.clear();
       break;
      case chatservice.state_connecting:
       mtitle.settext(r.string.title_connecting);
       break;
      case chatservice.state_listen:
      case chatservice.state_none:
       mtitle.settext(r.string.title_not_connected);
       break;
     }
     break;
    case message_write:
     byte[] writebuf = (byte[]) msg.obj;
     string writemessage = new string(writebuf);
     mconversationarrayadapter.add("我: " + writemessage);
     break;
    case message_read:
     byte[] readbuf = (byte[]) msg.obj;
     string readmessage = new string(readbuf, 0, msg.arg1);
     mconversationarrayadapter.add(mconnecteddevicename + ": "
       + readmessage);
     break;
    case message_device_name:
     mconnecteddevicename = msg.getdata().getstring(device_name);
     toast.maketext(getactivity().getapplicationcontext(), "链接到 " + mconnecteddevicename, toast.length_short).show();
     break;
    case message_toast:
     toast.maketext(getactivity().getapplicationcontext(),
       msg.getdata().getstring(toast), toast.length_short).show();
     break;
   }
  }
 };

 //返回进入好友列表操作后的数回调方法
 public void onactivityresult(int requestcode, int resultcode, intent data) {
  switch (requestcode) {
   case request_connect_device:
    if (resultcode == activity.result_ok) {
     string address = data.getextras().getstring(devicelist.extra_device_address);
     bluetoothdevice device = mbluetoothadapter.getremotedevice(address);
     mchatservice.connect(device);
    } else if (resultcode == activity.result_canceled) {
     toast.maketext(view.getcontext(), "未选择任何好友！", toast.length_short).show();
    }
    break;
   case request_enable_bt:
    if (resultcode == activity.result_ok) {
     setupchat();
    } else {
     toast.maketext(view.getcontext(), r.string.bt_not_enabled_leaving, toast.length_short).show();
     getactivity().finish();
    }
  }
 }

 //内部类，选项菜单的单击事件处理
 private class mymenuitemclicklistener implements toolbar.onmenuitemclicklistener {
  @override
  public boolean onmenuitemclick(menuitem item) {
   switch (item.getitemid()) {
    case r.id.scan:
     //启动devicelist这个activity
     intent serverintent = new intent(weixinframent.this.getactivity(), devicelist.class);
     startactivityforresult(serverintent, request_connect_device);
     return true;
    case r.id.discoverable:
     ensurediscoverable();
     return true;
    case r.id.back:
     getactivity().finish();
     system.exit(0);
     return true;
   }
   return false;
  }
 }
}

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总结

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