【第五章】Spring表达式语言 之 5.4在Bean定义中使用EL—跟我学spring3
5.4.1 xml风格的配置
SpEL支持在Bean定义时注入,默认使用“#{SpEL表达式}”表示,其中“#root”根对象默认可以认为是ApplicationContext,只有ApplicationContext实现默认支持SpEL,获取根对象属性其实是获取容器中的Bean。
首先看下配置方式(chapter5/el1.xml)吧:
java代码:
- <bean id="world" class="java.lang.String">
- <constructor-arg value="#{' World!'}"/>
- </bean>
- <bean id="hello1" class="java.lang.String">
- <constructor-arg value="#{'Hello'}#{world}"/>
- </bean>
- <bean id="hello2" class="java.lang.String">
- <constructor-arg value="#{'Hello' + world}"/>
- <!-- 不支持嵌套的 -->
- <!--<constructor-arg value="#{'Hello'#{world}}"/>-->
- </bean>
- <bean id="hello3" class="java.lang.String">
- <constructor-arg value="#{'Hello' + @world}"/>
- </bean>
模板默认以前缀“#{”开头,以后缀“}”结尾,且不允许嵌套,如“#{'Hello'#{world}}”错误,如“#{'Hello' + world}”中“world”默认解析为Bean。当然可以使用“@bean”引用了。
接下来测试一下吧:
java代码:
- @Test
- public void testXmlExpression() {
- ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("chapter5/el1.xml");
- String hello1 = ctx.getBean("hello1", String.class);
- String hello2 = ctx.getBean("hello2", String.class);
- String hello3 = ctx.getBean("hello3", String.class);
- Assert.assertEquals("Hello World!", hello1);
- Assert.assertEquals("Hello World!", hello2);
- Assert.assertEquals("Hello World!", hello3);
- }
是不是很简单,除了XML配置方式,Spring还提供一种注解方式@Value,接着往下看吧。
5.4.2 注解风格的配置
基于注解风格的SpEL配置也非常简单,使用@Value注解来指定SpEL表达式,该注解可以放到字段、方法及方法参数上。
测试Bean类如下,使用@Value来指定SpEL表达式:
java代码:
- package cn.javass.spring.chapter5;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
- public class SpELBean {
- @Value("#{'Hello' + world}")
- private String value;
- //setter和getter由于篇幅省略,自己写上
- }
首先看下配置文件(chapter5/el2.xml):
java代码:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- xsi:schemaLocation="
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
- <context:annotation-config/>
- <bean id="world" class="java.lang.String">
- <constructor-arg value="#{' World!'}"/>
- </bean>
- <bean id="helloBean1" class="cn.javass.spring.chapter5.SpELBean"/>
- <bean id="helloBean2" class="cn.javass.spring.chapter5.SpELBean">
- <property name="value" value="haha"/>
- </bean>
- </beans>
配置时必须使用“<context:annotation-config/>”来开启对注解的支持。
有了配置文件那开始测试吧:
java代码:
- @Test
- public void testAnnotationExpression() {
- ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("chapter5/el2.xml");
- SpELBean helloBean1 = ctx.getBean("helloBean1", SpELBean.class);
- Assert.assertEquals("Hello World!", helloBean1.getValue());
- SpELBean helloBean2 = ctx.getBean("helloBean2", SpELBean.class);
- Assert.assertEquals("haha", helloBean2.getValue());
- }
其中“helloBean1 ”值是SpEL表达式的值,而“helloBean2”是通过setter注入的值,这说明setter注入将覆盖@Value的值。
5.4.3 在Bean定义中SpEL的问题
如果有同学问“#{我不是SpEL表达式}”不是SpEL表达式,而是公司内部的模板,想换个前缀和后缀该如何实现呢?
那我们来看下Spring如何在IoC容器内使用BeanExpressionResolver接口实现来求值SpEL表达式,那如果我们通过某种方式获取该接口实现,然后把前缀后缀修改了不就可以了。
此处我们使用BeanFactoryPostProcessor接口提供postProcessBeanFactory回调方法,它是在IoC容器创建好但还未进行任何Bean初始化时被ApplicationContext实现调用,因此在这个阶段把SpEL前缀及后缀修改掉是安全的,具体代码如下:
java代码:
- package cn.javass.spring.chapter5;
- import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanFactoryPostProcessor;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory;
- import org.springframework.context.expression.StandardBeanExpressionResolver;
- public class SpELBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor {
- @Override
- public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory)
- throws BeansException {
- StandardBeanExpressionResolver resolver = (StandardBeanExpressionResolver) beanFactory.getBeanExpressionResolver();
- resolver.setExpressionPrefix("%{");
- resolver.setExpressionSuffix("}");
- }
- }
首先通过 ConfigurableListableBeanFactory的getBeanExpressionResolver方法获取BeanExpressionResolver实现,其次强制类型转换为StandardBeanExpressionResolver,其为Spring默认实现,然后改掉前缀及后缀。
开始测试吧,首先准备配置文件(chapter5/el3.xml):
java代码:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- xsi:schemaLocation="
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
- <context:annotation-config/>
- <bean class="cn.javass.spring.chapter5.SpELBeanFactoryPostProcessor"/>
- <bean id="world" class="java.lang.String">
- <constructor-arg value="%{' World!'}"/>
- </bean>
- <bean id="helloBean1" class="cn.javass.spring.chapter5.SpELBean"/>
- <bean id="helloBean2" class="cn.javass.spring.chapter5.SpELBean">
- <property name="value" value="%{'Hello' + world}"/>
- </bean>
- </beans>
配置文件和注解风格的几乎一样,只有SpEL表达式前缀变为“%{”了,并且注册了“cn.javass.spring.chapter5.SpELBeanFactoryPostProcessor”Bean,用于修改前缀和后缀的。
写测试代码测试一下吧:
java代码:
- @Test
- public void testPrefixExpression() {
- ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("chapter5/el3.xml");
- SpELBean helloBean1 = ctx.getBean("helloBean1", SpELBean.class);
- Assert.assertEquals("#{'Hello' + world}", helloBean1.getValue());
- SpELBean helloBean2 = ctx.getBean("helloBean2", SpELBean.class);
- Assert.assertEquals("Hello World!", helloBean2.getValue());
- }
此处helloBean1 中通过@Value注入的“#{'Hello' + world}”结果还是“#{'Hello' + world}”说明不对其进行SpEL表达式求值了,而helloBean2使用“%{'Hello' + world}”注入,得到正确的“"Hello World!”。
- <bean id="world" class="java.lang.String">
- <constructor-arg value="#{' World!'}"/>
- </bean>
- <bean id="hello1" class="java.lang.String">
- <constructor-arg value="#{'Hello'}#{world}"/>
- </bean>
- <bean id="hello2" class="java.lang.String">
- <constructor-arg value="#{'Hello' + world}"/>
- <!-- 不支持嵌套的 -->
- <!--<constructor-arg value="#{'Hello'#{world}}"/>-->
- </bean>
- <bean id="hello3" class="java.lang.String">
- <constructor-arg value="#{'Hello' + @world}"/>
- </bean>
- @Test
- public void testXmlExpression() {
- ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("chapter5/el1.xml");
- String hello1 = ctx.getBean("hello1", String.class);
- String hello2 = ctx.getBean("hello2", String.class);
- String hello3 = ctx.getBean("hello3", String.class);
- Assert.assertEquals("Hello World!", hello1);
- Assert.assertEquals("Hello World!", hello2);
- Assert.assertEquals("Hello World!", hello3);
- }
- package cn.javass.spring.chapter5;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
- public class SpELBean {
- @Value("#{'Hello' + world}")
- private String value;
- //setter和getter由于篇幅省略,自己写上
- }
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- xsi:schemaLocation="
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
- <context:annotation-config/>
- <bean id="world" class="java.lang.String">
- <constructor-arg value="#{' World!'}"/>
- </bean>
- <bean id="helloBean1" class="cn.javass.spring.chapter5.SpELBean"/>
- <bean id="helloBean2" class="cn.javass.spring.chapter5.SpELBean">
- <property name="value" value="haha"/>
- </bean>
- </beans>
- @Test
- public void testAnnotationExpression() {
- ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("chapter5/el2.xml");
- SpELBean helloBean1 = ctx.getBean("helloBean1", SpELBean.class);
- Assert.assertEquals("Hello World!", helloBean1.getValue());
- SpELBean helloBean2 = ctx.getBean("helloBean2", SpELBean.class);
- Assert.assertEquals("haha", helloBean2.getValue());
- }
- package cn.javass.spring.chapter5;
- import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanFactoryPostProcessor;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory;
- import org.springframework.context.expression.StandardBeanExpressionResolver;
- public class SpELBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor {
- @Override
- public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory)
- throws BeansException {
- StandardBeanExpressionResolver resolver = (StandardBeanExpressionResolver) beanFactory.getBeanExpressionResolver();
- resolver.setExpressionPrefix("%{");
- resolver.setExpressionSuffix("}");
- }
- }
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- xsi:schemaLocation="
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
- <context:annotation-config/>
- <bean class="cn.javass.spring.chapter5.SpELBeanFactoryPostProcessor"/>
- <bean id="world" class="java.lang.String">
- <constructor-arg value="%{' World!'}"/>
- </bean>
- <bean id="helloBean1" class="cn.javass.spring.chapter5.SpELBean"/>
- <bean id="helloBean2" class="cn.javass.spring.chapter5.SpELBean">
- <property name="value" value="%{'Hello' + world}"/>
- </bean>
- </beans>
- @Test
- public void testPrefixExpression() {
- ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("chapter5/el3.xml");
- SpELBean helloBean1 = ctx.getBean("helloBean1", SpELBean.class);
- Assert.assertEquals("#{'Hello' + world}", helloBean1.getValue());
- SpELBean helloBean2 = ctx.getBean("helloBean2", SpELBean.class);
- Assert.assertEquals("Hello World!", helloBean2.getValue());
- }
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